Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Comparison Of Hlw Glass Melting Rate Between Frit And Glass Forming Chemicals Using X Ray Computed Tomography
Download Comparison Of Hlw Glass Melting Rate Between Frit And Glass Forming Chemicals Using X Ray Computed Tomography full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Comparison Of Hlw Glass Melting Rate Between Frit And Glass Forming Chemicals Using X Ray Computed Tomography ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis COMPARISON OF HLW GLASS MELTING RATE BETWEEN FRIT AND GLASS FORMING CHEMICALS USING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. by :
Download or read book COMPARISON OF HLW GLASS MELTING RATE BETWEEN FRIT AND GLASS FORMING CHEMICALS USING X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY. written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of HLW Glass Melt Rate Using X-Ray Computed Tomography by :
Download or read book Determination of HLW Glass Melt Rate Using X-Ray Computed Tomography written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the high-level waste (HLW) glass melt rate study is two-fold: (1) to gain a better understanding of the impact of feed chemistry on melt rate through bench-scale testing, and (2) to develop a predictive tool for melt rate in support of the on-going frit development efforts for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). In particular, the focus is on predicting relative melt rates, not the absolute melt rates, of various HLW glass formulations solely based on feed chemistry, i.e., the chemistry of both waste and glass-forming frit for DWPF. Critical to the successful melt rate modeling is the accurate determination of the melting rates of various HLW glass formulations. The baseline procedure being used at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) is to; (1) heat a 4 inch-diameter stainless steel beaker containing a mixture of dried sludge and frit in a furnace for a preset period of time, (2) section the cooled beaker along its diameter, and (3) measure the average glass height across the sectioned face using a ruler. As illustrated in Figure 1-1, the glass height is measured for each of the 16 horizontal segments up to the red lines where relatively large-sized bubbles begin to appear. The linear melt rate (LMR) is determined as the average of all 16 glass height readings divided by the time during which the sample was kept in the furnace. This 'visual' method has proved useful in identifying melting accelerants such as alkalis and sulfate and further ranking the relative melt rates of candidate frits for a given sludge batch. However, one of the inherent technical difficulties of this method is to determine the glass height in the presence of numerous gas bubbles of varying sizes, which is prevalent especially for the higher-waste-loading glasses. That is, how the red lines are drawn in Figure 1-1 can be subjective and, therefore, may influence the resulting melt rates significantly. For example, if the red lines are drawn too low, a significant amount of glassy material interspersed among the gas bubbles will be excluded, thus underestimating the melt rate. Likewise, if they are drawn too high, many large voids will be counted as glass, thus overestimating the melt rate. As will be shown later in this report, there is also no guarantee that a given distribution of glass and gas bubbles along a particular sectioned plane will always be representative of the entire sample volume. Poor reproducibility seen in some LMR data may be related to these difficulties of the visual method. In addition, further improvement of the existing melt rate model requires that the overall impact of feed chemistry on melt rate be reflected on measured data at a greater quantitative resolution on a more consistent basis than the visual method can provide. An alternate method being pursued is X-ray computed tomography (CT). It involves X-ray scanning of glass samples, performing CT on the 2-D X-ray images to build 3-D volumetric data, and adaptive segmentation analysis of CT results to not only identify but quantify the distinct regions within each sample based on material density and morphologies. The main advantage of this new method is that it can determine the relative local density of the material remaining in the beaker after the heat treatment regardless of its morphological conditions by selectively excluding all the voids greater than a given volumetric pixel (voxel) size, thus eliminating much of the subjectivity involved in the visual method. As a result, the melt rate data obtained from CT scan will give quantitative descriptions not only on the fully-melted glass, but partially-melted and unmelted feed materials. Therefore, the CT data are presumed to be more reflective of the actual melt rate trends in continuously-fed melters than the visual data. In order to test the applicability of X-ray CT scan to the HLW glass melt rate study, several new series of HLW simulant/frit mixtures were melted in the Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) and the contents of each cooled but un-sectioned beaker were CT scanned and analyzed. For comparison purposes, a cross-sectional X-ray image of each sample was used to estimate the melt rate using the visual method. In order to see the impact of feed chemistry on melt rate more clearly, a total of ten frit-only glasses (i.e., no waste) were also made, CT scanned and analyzed. In addition, two historical glass series which were previously sectioned were re-joined and CT scanned; the results were then compared to the visual data obtained earlier. All the work performed on these historical samples will be documented separately in another report. This report describes the methodologies used to interpret and apply the results of X-ray CT scans to the HLW melt rate study and further highlights some of the key results on the compositional dependence of melt rate and the cross-comparison of the visual and CT results.
Book Synopsis Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass III by : James R. Varner
Download or read book Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass III written by James R. Varner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass continues to be a material of great scientific and technological interest; however, the economic pressures on the glass industry, the emphasis on global markets, and the worldwide attention to energy and environmental conservation continue to increase. Forty-seven papers offer new solutions to the challenges of glass manufacturing, particularly as they pertain to melting and forming. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass, July 27-31, 2003, Rochester, New York; Ceramic Transactions, Volume 141.
Book Synopsis Melt Chemistry, Relaxation, and Solidification Kinetics of Glasses by : Hong Li
Download or read book Melt Chemistry, Relaxation, and Solidification Kinetics of Glasses written by Hong Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-11 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume will summarize the most recent development in experimentation, computation, and theory on chemistry of glass forming melt, including melt structure modeling and melt structure and characterizations. This volume provides a timely update on the advances in glass basic science research and development.
Book Synopsis Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass II by : Alexis G. Clare
Download or read book Advances in Fusion and Processing of Glass II written by Alexis G. Clare and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains 51 articles on such topics as: fining issues in glass processing, including electron exchange reactions between polyvalent elements; environmental issues in fusion and processing, such as the emissions produced in processing of siliate glass; modeling of melting and forming; the fiber glass
Book Synopsis Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft). by :
Download or read book Effect of Composition and Temperature on the Properties of High-Level Waste (HLW) Glasses Melting Above 1200[degrees]C (Draft). written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing the melting temperature of HLW glass allows an increase of waste loading (thus reducing product volume) and the production of more durable glasses at a faster melting rate. However, HLW glasses that melt at high temperatures differ in composition from glasses formulated for low temperature ([approximately]1150[degree]C). Consequently, the composition of high-temperature glasses falls in a region previously not well tested or understood. This report represents a preliminary study of property/composition relationships of high-temperature Hanford HLW glasses using a one-component-at-a-time change approach. A test matrix has been designed to explore a composition region expected for high-temperature high-waste loading HLW glasses to be produced at Hanford. This matrix was designed by varying several key components (SiO[sub 2], B[sub 2]O[sub 3], Na[sub 2]O, Li[sub 2]O, Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3], Al[sub 2]O[sub 3], ZrO[sub 2], Bi[sub 2]O[sub 3], P[sub 2]O[sub 5], UO[sub 2], TiO[sub 2], Cr[sub 2]O[sub 3], and others) starting from a glass based on a Hanford HLW all-blend waste. Glasses were fabricated and tested for viscosity, glass transition temperature, electrical conductivity, crystallinity, liquidus temperature, and PCT release. The effect of individual components on glass properties was assessed using first- and second- order empirical models. The first-order component effects were compared with those from low-temperature HLW glasses.
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Glass Melting Technology - A Technical and Economic Assessment by : Glass Manufacturing Industry Council
Download or read book Glass Melting Technology - A Technical and Economic Assessment written by Glass Manufacturing Industry Council and published by . This book was released on 2004-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technical and Economic description of the status of the U.S. glass industry in 2002, including recent technology developments, challenges faced by the industry and possible directions to take to achieve progress.
Book Synopsis Glass Working by Heat and by Abrasion ... by : Paul Nooncree Hasluck
Download or read book Glass Working by Heat and by Abrasion ... written by Paul Nooncree Hasluck and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Glass Manufacture by : Fay VaNisle Tooley
Download or read book Handbook of Glass Manufacture written by Fay VaNisle Tooley and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling of Glass Making Processes for Improved Efficiency by :
Download or read book Modeling of Glass Making Processes for Improved Efficiency written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this project was to develop a high-temperature melt properties database with sufficient reliability to allow mathematical modeling of glass melting and forming processes for improved product quality, improved efficiency and lessened environmental impact. It was initiated by the United States glass industry through the NSF Industry/University Center for Glass Research (CGR) at Alfred University [1]. Because of their important commercial value, six different types/families of glass were studied: container, float, fiberglass (E- and wool-types), low-expansion borosilicate, and color TV panel glasses. CGR member companies supplied production-quality glass from all six families upon which we measured, as a function of temperature in the molten state, density, surface tension, viscosity, electrical resistivity, infrared transmittance (to determine high temperature radiative conductivity), non-Newtonian flow behavior, and oxygen partial pres sure. With CGR cost sharing, we also studied gas solubility and diffusivity in each of these glasses. Because knowledge of the compositional dependencies of melt viscosity and electrical resistivity are extremely important for glass melting furnace design and operation, these properties were studied more fully. Composition variations were statistically designed for all six types/families of glass. About 140 different glasses were then melted on a laboratory scale and their viscosity and electrical resistivity measured as a function of temperature. The measurements were completed in February 2003 and are reported on here. The next steps will be (1) to statistically analyze the compositional dependencies of viscosity and electrical resistivity and develop composition-property response surfaces, (2) submit all the data to CGR member companies to evaluate the usefulness in their models, and (3) publish the results in technical journals and most likely in book form.
Book Synopsis Chemical Approach to Glass by : Miloš Bohuslav Volf
Download or read book Chemical Approach to Glass written by Miloš Bohuslav Volf and published by . This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Secretary of State's Guidance - Lead Glass, Glass Frit and Enamel Frit Manufacturing Processes by :
Download or read book Secretary of State's Guidance - Lead Glass, Glass Frit and Enamel Frit Manufacturing Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HLW Glass Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Technology of Glass by : Eberhard Zschimmer
Download or read book Chemical Technology of Glass written by Eberhard Zschimmer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Glass Engineering Handbook by : George W. McLellan
Download or read book Glass Engineering Handbook written by George W. McLellan and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1984 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Glass Working by Heat and by Abrasion by :
Download or read book Glass Working by Heat and by Abrasion written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: