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Comparison Of Conventional Modified Single Seed Descent And Doubled Haploid Breeding Methods For Maize Inbred Line Development Using Gem Breeding Crosses
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Book Synopsis Comparison of Conventional, Modified Single Seed Descent, and Doubled Haploid Breeding Methods for Maize Inbred Line Development Using GEM Breeding Crosses by : McDonald Bright Jumbo
Download or read book Comparison of Conventional, Modified Single Seed Descent, and Doubled Haploid Breeding Methods for Maize Inbred Line Development Using GEM Breeding Crosses written by McDonald Bright Jumbo and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Choice of germplasm combined with use of efficient breeding methods and careful evaluation are essential tools for maize inbred line and hybrid development. Breeding crosses from the G ermplasm E nhancement of M aize (GEM) project (www.public.iastate.edu/~usda-gem) between exotic accessions and elite Corn Belt inbreds provide a unique opportunity for broadening US Corn Belt Maize germplasm by selecting exotic alleles in an elite genetic background. Progress in GEM could be enhanced by identifying more efficient procedures for both developing inbreds and determining which of the several hundred GEM breeding crosses have the most potential for future improvement and gene discovery. The primary research objective was to compare four breeding methods for their effectiveness and efficiency for developing superior maize inbred lines and hybrids from GEM breeding crosses. In addition, the study also aimed at identifying breeding methods that could be useful for prioritizing GEM breeding crosses for further line development and trait identification. Furthermore, breeding methods were compared to determine the effectiveness of mass selection for producing more adapted genotypes from GEM breeding crosses. Four breeding methods; Conventional GEM (CG), Conventional Mass (CM), Modified Single Seed Descent (MSSD) and Doubled Haploid (DH) were compared using three GEM breeding crosses ANTIG01:N16DE4, AR16035:S0209, and DKXL212:S0943b. Results showed that more DH lines were recovered from the non-stiff stalk than from the stiff stalk breeding crosses in the DH method due to differences in chromosome doubling rather than the induction phase. Field observations showed more uniformity in the MSSD S 2 lines derived from the Stiff Stalk than the non-Stiff Stalk (ANTIG01:N16DE4) breeding cross. The testcross evaluations generally showed no method effects between breeding methods, but method effects were present in the per se agronomic evaluations. The MSSD and CM methods had a higher proportion of top five lines in the second year testcross evaluations (about one third each) based on both yield and yield/moisture performance compared to the CG and DH methods. Hybrids from MSSD lines tended to have higher grain moisture than hybrids from the CG, CM and DH methods, but MSSD hybrids with high yield/moisture could be selected. The MSSD method may be an effective and efficient alternative to both pedigree and DH methods for developing high performing lines from the GEM breeding crosses.
Book Synopsis Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Maize by : Ramakrishna Wusirika
Download or read book Genetics, Genomics and Breeding of Maize written by Ramakrishna Wusirika and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequencing of the maize genome has opened up new opportunities in maize breeding, genetics and genomics research. This book highlights modern trends in development of hybrids, analysis of genetic diversity, molecular breeding, comparative and functional genomics, epigenomicsand proteomics in maize. The use of maize in biofuels, phytoremediation and pharmaceuticals is also highlighted. Current research trends, future research directions and challenges are discussed by a panel of experts from all over the world.
Book Synopsis Advances in Agriculture Research and Application: 2012 Edition by :
Download or read book Advances in Agriculture Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Agriculture Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Agriculture. The editors have built Advances in Agriculture Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Agriculture in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Agriculture Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Advances in Pollen Research: Biology, Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Applications by : Concepción Gómez-Mena
Download or read book Advances in Pollen Research: Biology, Biotechnology and Plant Breeding Applications written by Concepción Gómez-Mena and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Doubled haploid technology in maize breeding: theory and practice by :
Download or read book Doubled haploid technology in maize breeding: theory and practice written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Accelerated Generation of Elite Inbreds in Maize Using Doubled Haploid Technology by : Firoz Hossain
Download or read book Accelerated Generation of Elite Inbreds in Maize Using Doubled Haploid Technology written by Firoz Hossain and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The creation of homozygous parental lines for hybrid development is one of the key components of commercial maize breeding programs. It usually takes up to 6 to 7 generations of selfing to obtain homozygous inbreds from the initial cross using the conventional pedigree method. Using doubled haploid (DH) method, concurrent fixation of all the genes covering entire chromosomes is possible within a single generation. For generation of DH lines, haploids are generated first by several means such as in-vitro method using tissue culture technique and in-vivo method using the haploid inducer (HI) lines. Of which, tissue culture-based methods have shown little promise for large-scale DH production as it needs good infrastructures and technical requirements. In contrast, inducer-based method provides more optimistic solutions for large-scale DH lines production. Due to its rapidity, DH technology is now being adopted in many countries including India for reducing the breeding cycle.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding by : Arnel R. Hallauer
Download or read book Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is used in an endless list of products that are directly or indirectly related to human nutrition and food security. Maize is grown in producer farms, farmers depend on genetically improved cultivars, and maize breeders develop improved maize cultivars for farmers. Nikolai I. Vavilov defined plant breeding as plant evolution directed by man. Among crops, maize is one of the most successful examples for breeder-directed evolution. Maize is a cross-pollinated species with unique and separate male and female organs allowing techniques from both self and cross-pollinated crops to be utilized. As a consequence, a diverse set of breeding methods can be utilized for the development of various maize cultivar types for all economic conditions (e.g., improved populations, inbred lines, and their hybrids for different types of markets). Maize breeding is the science of maize cultivar development. Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. The principles of quantitative genetics have been successfully applied by maize breeders worldwide to adapt and improve germplasm sources of cultivars for very simple traits (e.g. maize flowering) and very complex ones (e.g., grain yield). For instance, genomic efforts have isolated early-maturing genes and QTL for potential MAS but very simple and low cost phenotypic efforts have caused significant and fast genetic progress across genotypes moving elite tropical and late temperate maize northward with minimal investment. Quantitative genetics has allowed the integration of pre-breeding with cultivar development by characterizing populations genetically, adapting them to places never thought of (e.g., tropical to short-seasons), improving them by all sorts of intra- and inter-population recurrent selection methods, extracting lines with more probability of success, and exploiting inbreeding and heterosis. Quantitative genetics in maize breeding has improved the odds of developing outstanding maize cultivars from genetically broad based improved populations such as B73. The inbred-hybrid concept in maize was a public sector invention 100 years ago and it is still considered one of the greatest achievements in plant breeding. Maize hybrids grown by farmers today are still produced following this methodology and there is still no limit to genetic improvement when most genes are targeted in the breeding process. Heterotic effects are unique for each hybrid and exotic genetic materials (e.g., tropical, early maturing) carry useful alleles for complex traits not present in the B73 genome just sequenced while increasing the genetic diversity of U.S. hybrids. Breeding programs based on classical quantitative genetics and selection methods will be the basis for proving theoretical approaches on breeding plans based on molecular markers. Mating designs still offer large sample sizes when compared to QTL approaches and there is still a need to successful integration of these methods. There is a need to increase the genetic diversity of maize hybrids available in the market (e.g., there is a need to increase the number of early maturing testers in the northern U.S.). Public programs can still develop new and genetically diverse products not available in industry. However, public U.S. maize breeding programs have either been discontinued or are eroding because of decreasing state and federal funding toward basic science. Future significant genetic gains in maize are dependent on the incorporation of useful and unique genetic diversity not available in industry (e.g., NDSU EarlyGEM lines). The integration of pre-breeding methods with cultivar development should enhance future breeding efforts to maintain active public breeding programs not only adapting and improving genetically broad-based germplasm but also developing unique products and training the next generation of maize breeders producing research dissertations directly linked to breeding programs. This is especially important in areas where commercial hybrids are not locally bred. More than ever public and private institutions are encouraged to cooperate in order to share breeding rights, research goals, winter nurseries, managed stress environments, and latest technology for the benefit of producing the best possible hybrids for farmers with the least cost. We have the opportunity to link both classical and modern technology for the benefit of breeding in close cooperation with industry without the need for investing in academic labs and time (e.g., industry labs take a week vs months/years in academic labs for the same work). This volume, as part of the Handbook of Plant Breeding series, aims to increase awareness of the relative value and impact of maize breeding for food, feed, and fuel security. Without breeding programs continuously developing improved germplasm, no technology can develop improved cultivars. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding presents principles and data that can be applied to maximize genetic improvement of germplasm and develop superior genotypes in different crops. The topics included should be of interest of graduate students and breeders conducting research not only on breeding and selection methods but also developing pure lines and hybrid cultivars in crop species. This volume is a unique and permanent contribution to breeders, geneticists, students, policy makers, and land-grant institutions still promoting quality research in applied plant breeding as opposed to promoting grant monies and indirect costs at any short-term cost. The book is dedicated to those who envision the development of the next generation of cultivars with less need of water and inputs, with better nutrition; and with higher percentages of exotic germplasm as well as those that pursue independent research goals before searching for funding. Scientists are encouraged to use all possible breeding methodologies available (e.g., transgenics, classical breeding, MAS, and all possible combinations could be used with specific sound long and short-term goals on mind) once germplasm is chosen making wise decisions with proven and scientifically sound technologies for assisting current breeding efforts depending on the particular trait under selection. Arnel R. Hallauer is C. F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor in Agriculture (Emeritus) at Iowa State University (ISU). Dr. Hallauer has led maize-breeding research for mid-season maturity at ISU since 1958. His work has had a worldwide impact on plant-breeding programs, industry, and students and was named a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Hallauer is a native of Kansas, USA. José B. Miranda Filho is full-professor in the Department of Genetics, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz - University of São Paulo located at Piracicaba, Brazil. His research interests have emphasized development of quantitative genetic theory and its application to maize breeding. Miranda Filho is native of Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil. M.J. Carena is professor of plant sciences at North Dakota State University (NDSU). Dr. Carena has led maize-breeding research for short-season maturity at NDSU since 1999. This program is currently one the of the few public U.S. programs left integrating pre-breeding with cultivar development and training in applied maize breeding. He teaches Quantitative Genetics and Crop Breeding Techniques at NDSU. Carena is a native of Buenos Aires, Argentina. http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/plantsci/faculty/Carena.htm
Book Synopsis Principles of Plant Breeding by : Robert W. Allard
Download or read book Principles of Plant Breeding written by Robert W. Allard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-05-10 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Die Pflanzenzucht enthält Elemente individueller und kultureller Selektion - ein Prozeß, den die langerwartete zweite Auflage hinsichtlich sowohl einzelner Pflanzen als auch kompletter Populationen unter die Lupe nimmt. Im Zuge der Aktualisierung des Stoffes wurden neue Themen aufgenommen: moderne Gewebekulturtechniken, molekularbiologische Verfahren, Aspekte der Wechselwirkung zwischen natürlicher und menschlicher Selektion und zwischen Genotyp und Umwelt sowie eine Reihe von Techniken zur Ertragssteigerung in ungünstigen Anbaugebieten. (05/99)
Download or read book Cereals written by Marcelo J. Carena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture depends on improved cultivars, and cultivars are developed through proper plant breeding. Unfortunately, applied plant breeding programs that are focused on cereal commodity crops are under serious erosion because of lack of funding. This loss of public support affects breeding continuity, objectivity, and, perhaps equally important, the training of future plant breeders and the utilization and improvement of plant genetic resources currently available. Breeding programs should focus not only on short-term research goals but also on long-term genetic improvement of germplasm. The research products of breeding programs are important not only for food security but also for commodity-oriented public and private programs, especially in the fringes of crop production. Breeding strategies used for long-term selection are often neglected but the reality is that long-term research is needed for the success of short-term products. An excellent example is that genetically broad-based public germplasm has significantly been utilized and recycled by industry, producing billions of dollars for industry and farmers before intellectual property rights were available. Successful examples of breeding continuity have served the sustainable cereal crop production that we currently have. The fact that farmers rely on public and private breeding institutions for solving long-term challenges should influence policy makers to reverse this trend of reduced funding. Joint cooperation between industry and public institutions would be a good example to follow. The objective of this volume is to increase the utilization of useful genetic resources and increase awareness of the relative value and impact of plant breeding and biotechnology. That should lead to a more sustainable crop production and ultimately food security. Applied plant breeding will continue to be the foundation to which molecular markers are applied. Focusing useful molecular techniques on the right traits will build a strong linkage between genomics and plant breeding and lead to new and better cultivars. Therefore, more than ever there is a need for better communication and cooperation among scientists in the plant breeding and biotechnology areas. We have an opportunity to greatly enhance agricultural production by applying the results of this research to meet the growing demands for food security and environmental conservation. Ensuring strong applied plant breeding programs with successful application of molecular markers will be essential in ensuring such sustainable use of plant genetic resources.
Book Synopsis Plant Breeding in the Omics Era by : Rodomiro Ortiz Ríos
Download or read book Plant Breeding in the Omics Era written by Rodomiro Ortiz Ríos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of plant breeding has grown rapidly in the last decade with breakthrough research in genetics and genomics, inbred development, population improvement, hybrids, clones, self-pollinated crops, polyploidy, transgenic breeding and more. This book discusses the latest developments in all these areas but explores the next generation of needs and discoveries including omics beyond genomics, cultivar seeds and intellectual and property rights. This book is a leading-edge publication of the latest results and forecasts important areas of future needs and applications.
Download or read book Heterosis written by R. Frankel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When trying to solicit authors for this book it became apparent that the causal factors for heterosis at the physiological and biochemical level are today almost as obscure as they were 30 years ago. Though biometrical-genetical analyses point to dispersion of complementary genes - not overdominance - as the major cause of the phenomenon, plant breeders' experience still suggests a cautious, pragmatic approach to the dominance-overdominance controversy in breeding hybrid cultivars. Thus we are faced with a striking discordance between our limited comprehension of the causal factors and mechanism of heter osis on the one hand, and the extensive agricultural practice of utiliza tion of hybrid vigor on the other. Such utilization is the result of the economic value of hybrid combinations displaying superior yields and qualities as well as stability of performance, of benefits derived in breeding programs, and of the enhanced varietal protection of proprietary rights. No comprehensive and critical analysis of the phenomenon of heterosis in economic plants has been published for the last three decades since the now classical book Heterosis, edited by J . W. Gowen (Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa, 1952). The present book attempts to fill the gap and to assess the status of our present knowl edge of the concept, the basis, the extent, and the application of heterosis in economic plants.
Book Synopsis Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production by : H. David Cooper
Download or read book Broadening the Genetic Base of Crop Production written by H. David Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the previously neglected interface between the conservation of plant genetic resources and their utilization. Only through utilization can the potential value of conserved genetic resources be realized. However, as this book shows, much conserved germplasm has to be subjected to long-term pre-breeding and genetic enhancement before it can be used in plant breeding programs.The authors explore the rationale and approaches for such pre-breeding efforts as the basis for broadening the genetic bases of crop production. Examples from a range of major food crops are presented and issues analyzed by leading authorities from around the world.
Book Synopsis Coffee Biotechnology and Quality by : T. Sera
Download or read book Coffee Biotechnology and Quality written by T. Sera and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coffee Biotechnology and Quality is a comprehensive volume containing 45 specialised chapters by internationally recognised experts. The book aims to provide a guide for those wishing to learn about recent advances in coffee cultivation and post-harvest technology. It provides a quantitative and rational approach to the major areas of coffee research, including breeding and cloning, tissue culture and genetics, pest control, post-harvest technology and bioconversion of coffee industry residues into commercially valuable products. The chapters review recent experimental work, allowing a conceptual framework for future research to be identified and developed. The book will be of interest to researchers and students involved in any area of coffee research. Consequently, plant breeders, microbiologists, biotechnologists and biochemical engineers will find the book to be a unique and invaluable guide.
Book Synopsis Breeding Rice for Drought-prone Environments by : K. S. Fischer
Download or read book Breeding Rice for Drought-prone Environments written by K. S. Fischer and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information available for other cereals and the limited or circumstantial evidence available for rice indicate that we can now breed varieties that have improved yield under drought and produce high yields in the good seasons. This manual aims to help plant breeders develop such varieties.
Book Synopsis Advances in Haploid Production in Higher Plants by : Alisher Touraev
Download or read book Advances in Haploid Production in Higher Plants written by Alisher Touraev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of haploids is well known to geneticists and plant breeders. The discovery of anther-derived haploid Datura plants in 1964 initiated great excitement in the plant breeding and genetics communities as it offered shortcuts in producing highly desirable homozygous plants. Unfortunately, the expected revolution was slow to materialise due to problems in extending methods to other species, including genotypic dependence, recalcitrance, slow development of tissue culture technologies and a lack of knowledge of the underlying processes. Recent years have witnessed great strides in the research and application of haploids in higher plants. After a lull in activities, drivers for the resurgence have been: (1) development of effective tissue culture protocols, (2) identification of genes c- trolling embryogenesis, and (3) large scale and wide spread commercial up-take in plant breeding and plant biotechnology arenas. The first major international symposium on “Haploids in Higher Plants” took place in Guelph, Canada in 1974. At that time there was much excitement about the potential benefits, but in his opening address Sir Ralph Riley offered the following words of caution: “I believe that it is quite likely that haploid research will contr- ute cultivars to agriculture in several crops in the future. However, the more extreme claims of the enthusiasts for haploid breeding must be treated with proper caution. Plant breeding is subject from time to time to sweeping claims from ent- siastic proponents of new procedures.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Maize by : Jeff L. Bennetzen
Download or read book Handbook of Maize written by Jeff L. Bennetzen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-16 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the world’s highest value crops, with a multibillion dollar annual contribution to agriculture. The great adaptability and high yields available for maize as a food, feed and forage crop have led to its current production on over 140 million hectares worldwide, with acreage continuing to grow at the expense of other crops. In terms of tons of cereal grain produced worldwide, maize has been number one for many years. Moreover, maize is expanding its contribution to non-food uses, including as a major source of ethanol as a fuel additive or fuel alternative in the US. In addition, maize has been at the center of the transgenic plant controversy, serving as the first food crop with released transgenic varieties. By 2008, maize will have its genome sequence released, providing the sequence of the first average-size plant genome (the four plant genomes that are now sequenced come from unusually tiny genomes) and of the most complex genome sequenced from any organism. Among plant science researchers, maize has the second largest and most productive research community, trailing only the Arabidopsis community in scale and significance. At the applied research and commercial improvement levels, maize has no peers in agriculture, and consists of thousands of contributors worthwhile. A comprehensive book on the biology of maize has not been published. The "Handbook of Maize: the Genetics and Genomics" center on the past, present and future of maize as a model for plant science research and crop improvement. The books include brief, focused chapters from the foremost maize experts and feature a succinct collection of informative images representing the maize germplasm collection.
Book Synopsis Sustainable Horticultural Systems by : Dilip Nandwani
Download or read book Sustainable Horticultural Systems written by Dilip Nandwani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable horticulture is gaining increasing attention in the field of agriculture as demand for the food production rises to the world community. Sustainable horticultural systems are based on ecological principles to farm, optimizes pest and disease management approaches through environmentally friendly and renewable strategies in production agriculture. It is a discipline that addresses current issues such as food security, water pollution, soil health, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, entomology, ecology, chemistry and food sciences. Sustainable horticulture interprets methods and processes in the farming system to the global level. For that, horticulturists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable horticulture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable horticulture treats problem sources.
