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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789957484699
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (846 download)
Download or read book Comparing the cost of low-carbon production technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tushar Choudhary
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (739 download)
Download or read book Critical Comparison of Low-Carbon Technologies written by Tushar Choudhary and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-carbon technologies differ significantly in terms of their practical effectiveness for addressing climate change. And yet, this topic is rarely discussed! This is unfortunate given that understanding these differences is essential for the efficient use of our limited resources. Most local/national governments around the globe are pushing for the increased implementation of technologies such as solar, wind, battery storage, biofuels, hydropower, electric cars, etc. A large amount of information is available on these technologies. However, the comparison of these technologies in terms of their abilities to address the critical challenges associated with this complex problem is missing. Dr. Tushar Choudhary, a highly awarded technology specialist with twenty-five years of energy R&D experience, has addressed the above important gap by providing a systematic analysis on the following topics: Critical challenges associated with the targeted CO2 emission reduction Comparison of the technologies in terms of their abilities to address the critical challenges Prioritization of the technologies based on this comparison Being aware of the significant data ambiguity in this field, Choudhary has specifically relied on data from the most credible sources available for developing the analysis presented in this book. The concise analysis should benefit readers of all interest levels- from the mildly curious to those deeply involved with climate change mitigation. The book provides new insights into the widescale implementation of low-carbon technologies and should enable more informed climate change mitigation discussions.
Author : David Bodansky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387269312
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Energy written by David Bodansky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition represents an extensive revision of the ?rst edition, - though the motivation for the book and the intended audiences, as described inthepreviouspreface,remainthesame. Theoveralllengthhasbeenincreased substantially, with revised or expanded discussions of a number of topics, - cluding Yucca Mountain repository plans, new reactor designs, health e?ects of radiation, costs of electricity, and dangers from terrorism and weapons p- liferation. The overall status of nuclear power has changed rather little over the past eight years. Nuclear reactor construction remains at a very low ebb in much of the world, with the exception of Asia, while nuclear power’s share of the electricity supply continues to be about 75% in France and 20% in the United States. However,therearesignsofaheightenedinterestinconsideringpossible nuclear growth. In the late 1990s, the U. S. Department of Energy began new programs to stimulate research and planning for future reactors, and many candidate designs are now contending—at least on paper—to be the next generation leaders. Outside the United States, the commercial development ofthePebbleBedModularReactorisbeingpursuedinSouthAfrica,aFrench- German consortium has won an order from Finlandfor the long-plannedEPR (European Pressurized Water Reactor), and new reactors have been built or planned in Asia. In an unanticipated positive development for nuclear energy, the capacity factor of U. S. reactors has increased dramatically in recent years, and most operating reactors now appear headed for 20-year license renewals.
Author : Shigemi Kagawa
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039435574
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Advances in Low Carbon Technologies and Transition written by Shigemi Kagawa and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide variety of technologies and products have already become widespread in our society. However, policies have not been well-implemented to effectively reduce energy consumptions and CO2 emissions by promoting low-carbon technologies and products. This Special Issue focuses on studies targeting specific products (e.g., motor vehicle, household dishwashers, etc.) and/or technologies (e.g., information and communication technology, transport technology, CO2 capture technology, etc.) and quantifying resource and energy consumptions and CO2 emissions associated with products and technology systems using the reliable inventory database. Thus, this Special Issue provides important studies on how demand- and supply-side policies can contribute to reducing energy consumptions and CO2 emissions from consumption- and production-based perspectives.
Author : Lena Perkins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Energy and Cost Comparison Per Carbon Avoided for CO2 Removal from Air Compared to Low-carbon Electricity written by Lena Perkins and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our inability to curb CO2 emissions has increased interest in geoengineering: "the deliberate large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment to counteract anthropogenic climate change." One of the safest types of geoengineering is carbon dioxide removal from the air, which is generally very expensive and resource intensive. On the other hand, the electricity generation sector has a number of options to lower carbon emissions, and the emissions from electricity also influence the efficacy of atmospheric CO2 removal technologies. Because removing carbon from the atmosphere and preventing emissions from electricity generation are equivalent from a climate perspective, it is desirable to compare them on a quantitative basis. However, because technologies to remove carbon dioxide from the air and low-carbon electricity are designed for different purposes and services, it is very difficult to find the appropriate quantitative metrics for comparison. In order to compare disparate systems fairly we use a broader definition of carbon avoided, one which includes life-cycle emissions and uses a common reference electricity mix for all technologies considered. Using this metric we compare two currently-deployable carbon-negative options (one biological and one chemical) against several electricity generation technologies both with and without carbon capture and sequestration. The electricity generation technologies with carbon capture include current state-of-the-art coal and natural gas electricity, and the low-carbon electricity generation technologies without carbon capture include nuclear and wind electricity. We evaluate the systems on the basis of: carbon avoided per unit of physically captured carbon; energy consumption per unit of carbon avoided; and cost per unit of carbon avoided. We use the present day average U.S. electricity mix as the initial reference electricity, and then vary the carbon intensity and cost in order to understand the sensitivity of the results. We show that on an energy and cost per unit avoided basis, the biological atmospheric CO2 removal system is strongly favored over the chemical system of atmospheric CO2 evaluated. We also show that when considered relative to a common reference, the biological atmospheric CO2 removal system (a bioelectricity system with carbon capture and sequestration) is less expensive and more efficient for avoiding carbon than either a natural gas or coal electricity generation system with carbon capture and sequestration. However, overall we show that the least expensive option for avoiding carbon in the electricity system of the U.S. today is by generating wind electricity. The next lowest cost options for avoiding carbon are by generating nuclear electricity or bioelectricity with carbon capture and sequestration. The system for bioelectricity with carbon capture and sequestration investigated here only becomes less expensive than wind electricity for avoiding emissions once the electricity emissions of the overall U.S. electricity mix are reduced by about 80%.
Author : Luis Mundaca
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Transaction Costs of Low-Carbon Technologies and Policies written by Luis Mundaca and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transaction costs are major challenge to moving forward toward low-carbon economic growth, as new technologies or policies tend to have higher transaction costs compared with those in the business as usual situation. However, neither a well-developed theoretical foundation nor a consensus interpretation is available for those transaction costs in the existing literature. The definitions and therefore the estimations of transaction costs vary across existing studies. The wide variations in the estimates could be attributed to several factors such as the very definitions and scope of transaction costs considered in the studies, the methodology for quantifying these costs, the type and size of low-carbon technologies, and complexities involved in the transactions. Nevertheless, the existing literature converges on addressing market failures, such as lack of information, in developing regulatory and institutional capacity to enhance private sector confidence in energy efficiency business as a key means to help reduce the transaction costs of low-carbon technologies.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309373913
Total Pages : 812 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)
Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Author : National Academy of Engineering
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309091632
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book The Hydrogen Economy written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.
Author : Ian Cameron
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128142286
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Blast Furnace Ironmaking written by Ian Cameron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blast Furnace Ironmaking: Analysis, Control, and Optimization uses a fundamental first principles approach to prepare a blast furnace mass and energy balance in ExcelTM. Robust descriptions of the main equipment and systems, process technologies, and best practices used in a modern blast furnace plant are detailed. Optimization tools are provided to help the reader find the best blast furnace fuel mix and related costs, maximize output, or evaluate other operational strategies using the ExcelTM model that the reader will develop. The first principles blast furnace ExcelTM model allows for more comprehensive process assessments than the 'rules of thumb' currently used by the industry. This book is suitable for undergraduate and postgraduate science and engineering students in the fields of chemical, mechanical, metallurgical and materials engineering. Additionally, steel company engineers, process technologists, and management will find this book useful with its fundamental approach, best practices description, and perspective on the future. Provides sample problems, answers and assignments for each chapter Explores how to optimize the blast furnace operation while maintaining required temperatures and gas flowrates Describes all major blast furnace equipment and best practices Features blast furnace operating data from five continents
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309484529
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Author : Erin Baker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Future Costs of Key Low-Carbon Energy Technologies written by Erin Baker and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Valentina Bosetti
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)
Download or read book Sensitivity to Energy Technology Costs written by Valentina Bosetti and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Valter Silva
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789239699
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)
Download or read book Low Carbon Transition written by Valter Silva and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most leaders of developed nations recognize the importance of following policies and strategies to achieve a low-carbon economy based on new and innovative technologies that are able to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create new employment and growth. In the broad spectrum of the feasible decarbonisation pathways, the challenge for political and economic decision-makers is to weigh uncertain impact from different technologies and to build a comprehensive evidence-based framework for research, business, investment and policy decision-making. This book aims to provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology in the Low Carbon Technology and Economy field, discussing a set of new technology approaches and environmental and economic implications.
Author : Jia'en Lin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819702682
Total Pages : 965 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2023 written by Jia'en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 965 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jean Chateau
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Climate Policy Options: A Comparison of Economic Performance written by Jean Chateau and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-12-09 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use a global computable general equilibrium model to compare the economic performance of alternative climate policies along multiple dimensions, including macroeconomic outcomes, energy prices, and trade competitiveness. Carbon pricing which keeps the aggregate cost lower and preserves better the overall competitiveness than across-the-board regulation is the first-best policy, especially in energy intensive and trade exposed industries. Regulations and feebates are good alternatives in the power sector, where technological substitution is possible. Feed-in subsidies, if used alone, are not cost effective.
Author : Velu Subramani
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782423834
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)
Download or read book Compendium of Hydrogen Energy written by Velu Subramani and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-05-23 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Production and Purification, the first text in a four-volume series, focuses on the production of hydrogen. As many experts believe that the hydrogen economy will eventually replace the fossil fuel economy as our primary source of energy, the text provides a timely discussion on this interesting topic. The text details the methods of hydrogen production using fossil fuels, also exploring sustainable extraction methods of hydrogen production from water and hydrogen purification processes. Provides a comprehensive understanding of the current methods used in the production of hydrogen Discusses the hydrogen economy and its potential to replace fossil fuels as our primary source of energy Details the methods of hydrogen production using fossil fuels, also exploring sustainable extraction methods of hydrogen production from water and hydrogen purification processes
Author : Eleanor Charlotte Ereira
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (668 download)
Download or read book Assessing Early Investments in Low Carbon Technologies Under Uncertainty written by Eleanor Charlotte Ereira and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is a threat that could be mitigated by introducing new energy technologies into the electricity market that emit fewer greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We face many uncertainties that would affect the demand for each of these technologies in the future. The costs of these technologies decrease due to learning-by-doing as their capacity is built out. Given that we face uncertainties over future energy demands for particular technologies, and that costs reduce with experience, an important question that arises is whether policy makers should encourage early investments in technologies before they are economically competitive, so that they could be available in the future at lower cost should they be needed. If society benefits from early investments when future demands are uncertain, then there is an option value to investing today. This question of whether option values exist is investigated by focusing on Coal-fired Power Plants with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) as a case study of a new high-cost energy technology that has not yet been deployed at commercial scale. A decision analytic framework is applied to the MIT Emissions Prediction Policy Analysis (EPPA) model, a computable general equilibrium model that captures the feedback effects across different sectors of the economy, and measures the costs of meeting emissions targets. Three uncertainties are considered in constructing a decision framework: the future stringency of the US GHG emissions policy, the size of the US gas resource, and the cost of electricity from Coal with CCS. The decision modeled is whether to begin an annual investment schedule in Coal with CCS technology for 35 years. Each scenario in the decision framework is modeled in EPPA, and the output measure of welfare is used to compare the welfare loss to society of meeting the emissions target for each case. The decision framework is used to find which choice today, whether to invest in CCS or not, gives the smallest welfare cost and is therefore optimal for society. Sensitivity analysis on the probabilities of the three uncertainties is carried out to determine the conditions under which CCS investment is beneficial, and when it is not. The study finds that there are conditions, specified by ranges in probabilities for the uncertainties, where early investment in CCS does benefit society. The results of the decision analysis demonstrate that the benefits of CCS investment are realized in the latter part of the century, and so the resulting optimal decision depends on the choice of discount rate. The higher the rate, the smaller the benefit from investment until a threshold is reached where choosing to invest becomes the more costly decision. The decision of whether to invest is more sensitive to some uncertainties investigated than others. Specifically, the size of the US gas resource has the least impact, whereas the stringency of the future US GHG emissions policy has the greatest impact. This thesis presents a new framework for considering investments in energy technologies before they are economically competitive. If we can make educated assumptions as to the real probabilities we face, then extending this framework to technologies beyond CCS and expanding the decision analysis, would allow policymakers to induce investment in energy technologies that would enable us to meet our emissions targets at the lowest cost possible to society.
