Comparative Integrative Psychoanalysis

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Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis

Author : Brent Willock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136871500
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis by : Brent Willock

Download or read book Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis written by Brent Willock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finalist for the 2007 Goethe Award for Psychoanalytic Scholarship! This exceptionally practical and insightful new text explores the emerging field of comparative-integrative psychoanalysis. It provides an invaluable framework for approaching the currently fractious state of the psychoanalytic discipline, divided as it is into diverse schools of thought, presenting many conceptual challenges. Moving beyond the usual borders of psychoanalysis, Willock usefully draws on insights from neighboring disciplines to shed additional light on the core issue. Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis is divided into two sections for organizational clarity. Part I is an intriguing investigation into the nature of thought and its intrinsic problems. It convincingly builds a case for the need, after a century of disciplinary development, to move beyond delineated schools, and proposes a method for achieving this goal. The succeeding section elaborates this desideratum in detail, exploring its implications with respect to theory, organizations, practice, and pedagogy. This second portion of the volume is most applicable to everyday concerns with improving work in the field, be it in the consulting room, classroom, or in and between various psychoanalytic organizations.

Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis

Author : Brent Willock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136871519
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (368 download)

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Book Synopsis Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis by : Brent Willock

Download or read book Comparative-Integrative Psychoanalysis written by Brent Willock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-05-20 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the field of comparative-integrative psychoanalysis. This book provides an invaluable framework for approaching the fractious state of the psychoanalytic discipline, divided as it is into diverse schools of thought, presenting many conceptual challenges. It draws on insights from neighboring disciplines to shed light on the issue.

Belonging Through a Psychoanalytic Lens

Author : Rebecca Coleman Curtis
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000331652
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Belonging Through a Psychoanalytic Lens by : Rebecca Coleman Curtis

Download or read book Belonging Through a Psychoanalytic Lens written by Rebecca Coleman Curtis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Watching people protest, one hypothesis is that underlying these actions for specific justifiable causes is a sense of wishing to belong, of wishing not to be alone. Recent knowledge from patients and empirical research shows the importance of belonging to groups to both psychological and physical well-being. The problems of many students, minority group members, immigrants, terrorists, and lonely people are linked to an insufficient sense of belonging. Whereas psychoanalytic theory has focused on the need for a secure attachment to a primary caretaker, it has failed to note the importance of a sense of belonging to the family group, a friendship group, a community, a religious group, a nation-state, etc. This book demonstrates the difficulties faced by those who immigrate, those who never feel a sense of their true selves as belonging in a family or a cohesive professional group, and the difficulties of psychoanalysts themselves in knowing where they belong in patients’ lives. The problems of breaking up marital and professional relationships as well as our relationship with the Earth are also discussed. Freudian theory rejected the idea of a sense of "oneness" with humanity as being infantile. Recent developments regarding the similarities between meditational practices and psychoanalysis have questioned Freud’s idea. This book shows the importance of an interpersonal/relational psychoanalysis focusing on real relationships and not simply one that examines inner conflicts. It will be useful to psychologists, other mental health practitioners, social scientists, and anyone with normal struggles in life.

Models of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy

Author : C. Seth Warren
Publisher : Guilford Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572303409
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy by : C. Seth Warren

Download or read book Models of Brief Psychodynamic Therapy written by C. Seth Warren and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1998-01-02 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical and scholarly new text presents a comprehensive review and evaluation of the theory, research, and practice of psychodynamically oriented brief psychotherapy. It offers in-depth discussions of the major clinical and theoretical approaches, as well as examinations of other special topics in the application of brief therapy. Locating brief psychodynamic therapies within larger contexts, Stanley B. Messer and C. Seth Warren illuminate the impact of psychoanalytic ideas and theories - as well as cultural, historical, and intellectual trends - on each approach.

Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Identity and Difference

Author : Brent Willock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134848706
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Identity and Difference by : Brent Willock

Download or read book Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Identity and Difference written by Brent Willock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day, clinicians encounter challenges to empathy and communication while struggling to assist patients with diverse life histories, character, sexuality, gender, psychopathology, cultural, religious, political, racial, and ethnic backgrounds. Most writing pertaining to ideas of similarity, discrepancy, and ‘the Other’ has highlighted differences. Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Identity and Difference: Navigating the Divide offers a different focus, emphasising points of contact, connection, and how divisions between people can be transcended. In-depth case material, astutely elucidated by diverse theoretical approaches, furnishes stimulating ideas and valuable suggestions for facilitating a meeting of minds and psychological growth in patients who might otherwise be difficult or impossible to engage. Exploring how psychoanalysts can navigate obstacles to understanding and communicating with suffering individuals, topics covered include: internal experience of likeness and difference in the patient; in the analyst; and how analysts can find echoes of themselves in patients. Psychoanalysts and psychotherapists will appreciate the importance and value of this wide-ranging, groundbreaking exploration of these insufficiently addressed dimensions of human experience.

Freud's Other Theory of Psychoanalysis

Author : Ahmed Fayek
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0765709570
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis Freud's Other Theory of Psychoanalysis by : Ahmed Fayek

Download or read book Freud's Other Theory of Psychoanalysis written by Ahmed Fayek and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the persistence of the theoretical model of the cathartic theory in psychoanalysis, it is not what we practice clinically. Freud's Other Theory of Psychoanalysis deals with eliciting that other unarticulated theory from the Freudian text to replace the catharsis theory...

Psychoanalysis Comparable and Incomparable

Author : David Tuckett
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134057725
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychoanalysis Comparable and Incomparable by : David Tuckett

Download or read book Psychoanalysis Comparable and Incomparable written by David Tuckett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we know when what is happening between two people should be called psychoanalysis? What is a psychoanalytic process and how do we know when one is taking place? Psychoanalysis Comparable and Incomparable describes the rationale and ongoing development of a six year programme of highly original meetings conducted by the European Psychoanalytic Federation Working Party on Comparative Clinical Methods. The project comprises over seventy cases discussed by more than five hundred experienced psychoanalysts over the course of sixty workshops. Authored by a group of leading European psychoanalysts, this book explores ways for psychoanalysts using different approaches to learn from each other when they present their work to fellow psychoanalysts, and provides tools for the individual practitioner to examine and improve his or her own approach. As described in detail in its pages, sticking to the task led to some surprising experiences, raising fundamental questions about the way clinical discussion and supervision are conducted in psychoanalysis. Well known by many in the psychoanalytic community and the object of much interest and debate, this project is described by those who have had the closest contact with it and will satisfy a widely held curiosity in psychoanalysts and psychotherapists throughout the world. David Tuckett is winner of the 2007 Sigourney Award.

Understanding and Coping with Failure: Psychoanalytic perspectives

Author : Brent Willock
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317680685
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (176 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding and Coping with Failure: Psychoanalytic perspectives by : Brent Willock

Download or read book Understanding and Coping with Failure: Psychoanalytic perspectives written by Brent Willock and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Failure is a theme of great importance in most clinical conditions, and in everyday life, from birth until death. Its impact can be destabilizing, even disastrous. In spite of these facts, there has been no comprehensive psychoanalytic exploration of this topic. Understanding and Coping with Failure: Psychoanalytic Perspectives fills this gap by examining failure from many perspectives. It goes a long way toward increasing understanding of the numerous issues involved, and provides many valuable insights into ways of coping with these challenging experiences and several chapters discuss positive aspects of failure - what can be learned from what would otherwise simply be regrettable experiences. Brent Willock, Rebecca Coleman Curtis and Lori C. Bohm bring together a rich diversity of topics explored in thoughtful ways by an international group of authors from the United Kingdom, Canada, and the United States of America. Failed therapies (which have been examined in the literature) are but one element freshly explored in this comprehensive exploration of the topic. The book is divided into sections covering the following topics: Failing and Forgiving; Society-Wide Failure; Failure in the Family; Therapeutic Failure; Professional Failure in the Consulting Room and on the Career Path; Integrity versus Despair: Facing Failure in the Final Phase of the Life Cycle; Metaphoric Bridges and Creativity; The Long Shadow of Childhood Relational Trauma. Understanding and Coping with Failure will be eagerly welcomed by all those trying to increase their awareness, understanding, and capacity to work with the many ramifications of this important issue. Because of the uniqueness of this broad, detailed exploration of the complexities of the failure experience, it will be essential reading for psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, psychologists, psychiatrists, social workers, counselors, and students in these disciplines. It will also appeal to a wider audience interested in the psychoanalytic perspective.

Introduction to Clinical Psychology

Author : Douglas A. Bernstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110875516X
Total Pages : 699 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Clinical Psychology by : Douglas A. Bernstein

Download or read book Introduction to Clinical Psychology written by Douglas A. Bernstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 699 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated and revised, the ninth edition of this bestselling textbook introduces students to clinical psychology as a bridge between science and practice. Extensive revisions since the previous edition have resulted in the most accessible, up-to-date and thematically integrated edition of Introduction to Clinical Psychology yet, while maintaining the authority and accessibility students and instructors have come to rely on. Updates include: three new co-authors who are internationally recognized scholar-practitioners; illustrations of how psychologists use evidence-based practices to help clients; the fictional 'Jackson family' case studies, providing vivid examples of a family confronting numerous mental health challenges; 'Thinking Scientifically' sections in each chapter, which break down how students can think critically with conflicting findings and use them to draw conclusions; 'In Review' tables at the end of each major section prompting students to review the material and test their comprehension; and an expanded image program, printed in color for the first time.

Conservative and Radical Perspectives on Psychoanalytic Knowledge

Author : Aner Govrin
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317515145
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Conservative and Radical Perspectives on Psychoanalytic Knowledge by : Aner Govrin

Download or read book Conservative and Radical Perspectives on Psychoanalytic Knowledge written by Aner Govrin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-11-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychoanalysis really should not exist today. Until a few years ago, most of the evidence suggested that its time was drawing to a close, and yet psychoanalysis demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of criticism, alongside significant resurgence over the course of the last years. In "Conservative and Radical Perspectives on Psychoanalytic Knowledge: The Fascinated and the Disenchanted" psychoanalyst and philosopher Aner Govrin describes the mechanisms of sociology within the psychoanalytic community which have enabled it to withstand the hostility levelled at it and to flourish as an intellectual and pragmatic endeavour. He defends the most criticized aspect of psychoanalysis: the fascination of analysts with their theories. Govrin demonstrates that fascination is a common phenomenon in science and shows its role in the evolution of psychoanalysis. Govrin argues that throughout its history, psychoanalysis has successfully embraced an amalgam of what he has defined and termed "fascinated" and "troubled communities." A "fascinated community" is a group that embraces a psychoanalytic theory (such as Bion's, Klein's, Winnicott s) as one embraces truth. A "troubled community" is one that is not satisfied with the state of psychoanalytic knowledge and seeks to generate a fundamental change that does not square with existing traditions (such as new psychoanalytic schools, scientifically troubled communities and the relational approach). It is this amalgam and the continuous tension between these two groups that are responsible for psychoanalysis' rich and varied development and for its ability to adapt to a changing world. Clinical vignettes from the work of Robert Stolorow, Betty Joseph, Antonino Ferro and Michael Eigen illustrate the dynamic by which psychoanalytic knowledge is formed. "Conservative and Radical Perspectives on Psychoanalytic Knowledge" will be of interest to psychoanalysts, psychotherapists and philosophers alike.

Clinical Implications of the Psychoanalyst’s Life Experience

Author : Steven Kuchuck
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134702965
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (347 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Implications of the Psychoanalyst’s Life Experience by : Steven Kuchuck

Download or read book Clinical Implications of the Psychoanalyst’s Life Experience written by Steven Kuchuck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2015 Gradiva Award Winner Clinical Implications of the Psychoanalyst’s Life Experience explores how leaders in the fields of psychoanalysis and psychotherapy address the phenomena of the psychoanalyst’s personal life and psychology. In this edited book, each author describes pivotal childhood and adult life events and crises that have contributed to personality formation, personal and professional functioning, choices of theoretical positions, and clinical technique. By expanding psychoanalytic study beyond clinical theory and technique to include a more careful examination of the psychoanalyst’s life events and other subjective phenomena, readers will have an opportunity to focus on specific ways in which these events and crises affect the tenor of the therapist’s presence in the consulting room, and how these occurrences affect clinical choices. Chapters cover a broad range of topics including illness, adoption, sexual identity and experience, trauma, surviving the death of one’s own analyst, working during 9/11, cross cultural issues, growing up in a communist household, and other family dynamics. Throughout, Steven Kuchuck (ed) shows how contemporary psychoanalysis teaches that it is only by acknowledging the therapist’s life experience and resulting psychological makeup that analysts can be most effective in helping their patients. However, to date, few articles and fewer books have been entirely devoted to this topic. Clinical Implications of the Psychoanalyst’s Life Experience forges new ground in exploring these under-researched areas. It will be essential reading for practicing psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, psychologists, social workers, those working in other mental health fields and graduate students alike.

Invasive Objects

Author : Paul Williams
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135844917
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (358 download)

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Book Synopsis Invasive Objects by : Paul Williams

Download or read book Invasive Objects written by Paul Williams and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "Director" controls Ms. B’s life. He flatters her, beguiles her, derides her. His instructions pervade each aspect of her life, including her analytic sessions, during which he suggests promiscuous and dangerous things for Ms. B to say and do, when he suspects that her isolated state is being changed by the therapy. The "Director" is a diabolical foreign body installed in the mind who purports to protect but who keeps Ms. B feeling profoundly ill and alone. The story of Ms. B’s analysis is one of many vivid illustrations presented in this collection of papers by Paul Williams, who shares his lifetime of experience working with severely disturbed patients. As the title suggests, the unifying thread of these papers is the investigation of serious mental disturbance, often characterized by the presence of intrusive and invasive thoughts and fantasies that originate in a traumatic past but which can colonize and destroy the rational mind. The diverse papers are grouped into two related sections. Part one is comprised of papers with a clinical orientation, including a summary of the analysis of Ms. B as well as a speculative paper on the psychosis and recovery of John Nash. In part two, applied psychoanalytic thinking is integrated with Williams’ other professional passion, anthropology, in a paper that exemplifies generative thought through art, poetry, and tribal masks. Other papers in this section include a short essay that takes Freud-bashers to task, a reappraisal of the Rat Man, and a lively discussion of André Green’s "central phobic position" in borderline thinking. Whether engaging in the coconstructed therapeutic relationship or the implications for "madness in society" at large, Williams’ diverse influences – psychoanalytic and otherwise – repeatedly come to the fore in an intellectually stimulating and clinically enriching way. It goes without saying that work with patients whose thinking is psychotic is a challenge, as these papers clearly demonstrate, but Williams reminds us that it is a challenge that psychoanalysis can not only engage but also treat with enduring and impressive therapeutic results.

When Minds Meet: The Work of Lewis Aron

Author : Galit Atlas
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000258149
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis When Minds Meet: The Work of Lewis Aron by : Galit Atlas

Download or read book When Minds Meet: The Work of Lewis Aron written by Galit Atlas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-29 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extraordinary volume offers a sampling of Lewis Aron’s most important contributions to relational psychoanalysis. One of the founders of relational thinking, Aron was an internationally recognized psychoanalyst, sought after teacher, lecturer, and the Director of the New York University Postdoctoral Program in Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis. His pioneering work introduced and revolutionized the concepts of mutuality, the analyst’s subjectivity, and the paradigm of mutual vulnerability in the analytic setting. During the last few years of his life, Aron was exploring the ethical considerations of writing psychoanalytic case histories and the importance of self-reflection and skepticism not only for analysts with their patients, but also as a stance towards the field of psychoanalysis itself. Aron is known for his singular, highly compelling teaching and writing style and for an unparalleled ability to convey complex, often comparative theoretical concepts in a uniquely inviting and approachable way. The reader will encounter both seminal papers on the vision and method of contemporary clinical practice, as well as cutting edge newer writing from the years just before his death. Edited and with a foreword by Galit Atlas, each chapter is preceded by a new introduction by some of the most important thinkers in our field: Jessica Benjamin, Michael Eigen, Jay Greenberg, Adrienne Harris, Stephen Hartman, Steven Kuchuck, Thomas Ogden, Joyce Slochower, Donnel Stern, Merav Roth, Chana Ullman, and Aron himself. This book will make an important addition to the libraries of experienced clinicians and psychoanalytic scholars already familiar with Aron’s work, as well as students, newer professionals or anyone seeking an introduction to relational psychoanalysis and one of its most stunning, vibrant voices.

Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis

Author : Stephen A. Mitchell
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674041151
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis by : Stephen A. Mitchell

Download or read book Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis written by Stephen A. Mitchell and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are more psychoanalytic theories today than anyone knows what to do with, and the heterogeneity and complexity of the entire body of psychoanalytic though have become staggering. In Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis, Stephen A. Mitchell weaves strands from the principal relational-model traditions (interpersonal psychoanalysis, British school object-relations theories, self psychology, and existential psychoanalysis) into a comprehensive approach to many of the knottiest problems and controversies in theoretical and clinical psychoanalysis. Mitchell’s earlier book, Object Relations in Psychoanalytic Theory, co-authored with Jay Greenberg, set the stage for this current integration by providing a broad comparative analysis of important thinking on the nature of human relationships. In that classic study Greenberg and Mitchell distinguished between two basic paradigms: the drive model, in which relations with others are generated and shaped by the need for drive gratifications, and various relational models, in which relations themselves are taken as primary and irreducible. In Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis, Mitchell argues that the drive model has since outlived its usefulness. The relational model, on the other hand, has been developed piecemeal by different authors who rarely acknowledge and explore the commonality of their assumptions or the rich complementarity of their perspectives. In this bold effort at integrative theorizing, Mitchell draws together major lines of relational-model traditions into a unified framework for psychoanalytic thought, more economical than the anachronistic drive model and more inclusive than any of the singular relational approaches to the core significance of sexuality, the impact of early experience, the relation of the past to the present, the interpenetration of illusion and actuality, the centrality of the will, the repetition of painful experience, the nature of analytic situation, and the process of analytic change. As such, his book will be required reading for psychoanalytic scholars, practitioners, candidates in psychoanalysis, and students in the field.

Introduction to Clinical Psychology

Author : Geoffrey P. Kramer
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108705146
Total Pages : 531 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Clinical Psychology by : Geoffrey P. Kramer

Download or read book Introduction to Clinical Psychology written by Geoffrey P. Kramer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a survey of clinical psychology including its history, content, and professional functions.

Psychoanalysis and the Unspoken

Author : Joyce Slochower
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040033881
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Psychoanalysis and the Unspoken by : Joyce Slochower

Download or read book Psychoanalysis and the Unspoken written by Joyce Slochower and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-06-10 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What do therapists not talk about? What do we ignore/miss/sidestep? What factors—personal, social, political—inform our areas of blindness? This book names and explores what psychoanalytic theory often skips over or simplifies—how, when, and why we fail to uphold the professional ideal. Turning a critical eye on her own theory, Slochower reflects on how it, she, and the field have evolved and what remains unspoken. In so doing, she pushes us to do the same. With its sharp focus on both theory and clinical work, this book is essential reading for psychoanalysts and psychotherapists.

Modes of Therapeutic Action

Author : Martha Stark
Publisher : Jason Aronson, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 076570742X
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (657 download)

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Book Synopsis Modes of Therapeutic Action by : Martha Stark

Download or read book Modes of Therapeutic Action written by Martha Stark and published by Jason Aronson, Incorporated. This book was released on 2000-12-01 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do we position ourselves, moment by moment, in relation to our patients and how do these positions inform both what we come to know about our patients and how we intervene? Do we participate as neutral object, as empathic self-object, or as authentic subject? Do we strive to enhance the patient's knowledge, to provide a corrective experience, or to work at the intimate edge? In an effort to answer these and other clinically relevant questions about the process of psychotherapeutic change, Martha Stark has developed a comprehensive theory of therapeutic action that integrates the interpretive perspective of classical psychoanalysis (Model 1), the corrective-provision perspective of self psychology and those object relations theories emphasizing the internal 'absence of good' (Model 2), and the relational perspective of contemporary psychoanalysis and those object relations theories emphasizing the internal 'presence of bad' (Model 3). Model I is about knowledge and insight. It is a one-person psychology because its focus is on the patient and the internal workings of her mind. Model 2 is about corrective experience. It is a one-and-a-half-person psychology because its emphasis is not so much on the relationship per se, but on the filling in of the patient's deficits by way of the therapist's corrective provision; what ultimately matters is not who the therapist is, but, rather, what she can offer. Model 3 is about relationship, the real relationship. It is a two-person psychology because its focus is on patients and therapists who relate to each other as real people; it is about mutuality, reciprocity, and intersubjectivity. Whereas Model 2 is about 'give' and involves the therapist's bringing the best of who she is into the room, Model 3 is about 'give-and-take' and involves the therapist's bringing all of who she is into the room. As Dr. Stark repeatedly demonstrates in numerous clinical vignettes, the three modes of therapeutic actionDknowledge, experience, and relationshipDare not mutually exclusive but mutually enhancing. If, as therapists, we can tolerate the necessary uncertainty that comes with the recognition that there is an infinite variety of possibilities for change, then we will be able to enhance the therapeutic potential of each moment and optimize our effectiveness as clinicians.