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Comparative Institutional And Policy Analysis Of Nonpoint Source Agricultural Nutrient Pollution In The Chesapeake Bay
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Book Synopsis Comparative Institutional and Policy Analysis of Nonpoint Source Agricultural Nutrient Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay by : Jennifer M. Egan
Download or read book Comparative Institutional and Policy Analysis of Nonpoint Source Agricultural Nutrient Pollution in the Chesapeake Bay written by Jennifer M. Egan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing excess nitrogen and phosphorous (nutrient) runoff into ground and surface waters is a global concern (Jacobs, 2013). More than two decades of effort in the United States Chesapeake Bay region to reduce nutrient excess has seen slow progress (U.S. EPA, 2010). The externality of nutrient excess has spurred environmental groups to seek rights they view as unallocated in resolution processes. This dissertation presents several ideas regarding nutrient externality. The second chapter argues that the judicial process is poorly positioned to resolve this conflict—relative to other resolution processes—and other processes would be more likely for environmental groups to achieve their goal of improving environmental quality. The third chapter addresses the design and implementation of effective policy for nutrient reduction from nonpoint source agriculture. Nutrient management planning and nutrient trading requirements are comparatively analyzed in Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia to determine factors in policy design that affect policy outputs. The results indicate that an existing institutional structure utilizing incentive-based nutrient management planning may be more compatible with nutrient trading policies and in turn may reduce the cost of monitoring. Although monitoring cost increase with nutrient trading, the existing policy design in Virginia may provide capacity to lower monitoring cost. The fourth chapter analyzes payment for environmental services (PES) and nutrient trading with a novel approach. A nutrient index combines PES for nitrogen and phosphorous reduction and a sensitivity analysis, into a single payment to elicit potential costs of supply in the nutrient market. This nutrient index is the first of its kind to distinguish payments made for multiple environmental services and to explore the impact on policy effectiveness with overlapping nutrient reduction policies. PES and nutrient trading policies pay for the same service yet PES, as demonstrated in the results of this study, has potential to increase prices of nutrient credits (establish a price floor) or collapse the nutrient trading market altogether. In addition, the existence of the trading market has potential to reduce the effectiveness of existing PES, which already suffers from ineffective payment for nutrient services.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Problems by : Philip Favero
Download or read book Analyzing Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Problems written by Philip Favero and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agriculture Non-point Source Pollution Control by : Rita Cestti
Download or read book Agriculture Non-point Source Pollution Control written by Rita Cestti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades the quality of many international water bodies has deteriorated, resulting in economic losses from declines in the fishing industry and in tourism, as well as a loss of biodiversity and health impacts from contaminated water. This deterioration has been caused by many factors including nutrient run-off from agriculture, insufficiently treated sewage, drainage of wetlands, coastal erosion, introduction of exotic species, eutrophication and inadequate resource management. One of the most significant sources of degradation has been form excessive discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds (nutrients), due to the poor management practices used in agricultural, domestic and industrial activities. This publication aims to draw the attention of professionals and practitioners working in agricultural and environmental sectors to the experience and successes of the environmentally friendly good agricultural practices being used in the Chesapeake Bay Region of the United States to reduce nutrient loads in water.
Book Synopsis Chesapeake Bay Area Nutrient Management Programs by :
Download or read book Chesapeake Bay Area Nutrient Management Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reducing Pollution from Nonpoint Sources by :
Download or read book Reducing Pollution from Nonpoint Sources written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was established for the Chesapeake Bay, defining the limits on emissions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment necessary to reverse declines in the Bay's quality and associated biological resources. Agriculture is the largest single source of nutrients and sediment in the watershed. We use data on crop and animal agriculture in the watershed to assess the relative effectiveness of alternative policy approaches for achieving the nutrient and sediment reduction goals of the TMDL, ranging from voluntary financial incentives to regulations. The cost of achieving water quality goals depends heavily on which policy choices are selected and how they are implemented. We found that policies that provide incentives for water quality improvements are the most efficient, assuming necessary information on pollutant delivery is available for each field. Policies that directly encourage adoption of management systems that protect water quality (referred to as design-based) are the most practical, given the limited information that is generally available to farmers and resource agencies. Information on field characteristics can be used to target design-based policies to improve efficiency.
Book Synopsis Chesapeake Bay Nonpoint Source Programs by :
Download or read book Chesapeake Bay Nonpoint Source Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Pollution from Agricultural Production by : Arlene Walters
Download or read book Nutrient Pollution from Agricultural Production written by Arlene Walters and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrients are elements essential to plant and animal growth. In agricultural production, the focus generally rests on the three primary macronutrients -- nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) -- because of their relative abundance in plants. As crops grow and are harvested, they gradually remove the existing nutrients from the soil and over time will require additional nutrients to maintain or increase crop yield. When nutrients are added in excess of the plants' ability to utilize them, there is an increased risk that the nutrients will enter the surrounding environment (water or air) and create environmental problems. The nutrients of primary environmental concern in agriculture are nitrogen and phosphorus. This book discusses the types and sources of nutrient pollution from agricultural production; possible environmental effects of nutrient pollution; examples of current control measures; the federal response to excess nutrients, including regulatory and incentive-based programs; and future considerations for nutrient management policy at the federal level.
Book Synopsis Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay by : National Research Council
Download or read book Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chesapeake Bay is North America's largest and most biologically diverse estuary, as well as an important commercial and recreational resource. However, excessive amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment from human activities and land development have disrupted the ecosystem, causing harmful algae blooms, degraded habitats, and diminished populations of many species of fish and shellfish. In 1983, the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) was established, based on a cooperative partnership among the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the state of Maryland, and the commonwealths of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and the District of Columbia, to address the extent, complexity, and sources of pollutants entering the Bay. In 2008, the CBP launched a series of initiatives to increase the transparency of the program and heighten its accountability and in 2009 an executive order injected new energy into the restoration. In addition, as part of the effect to improve the pace of progress and increase accountability in the Bay restoration, a two-year milestone strategy was introduced aimed at reducing overall pollution in the Bay by focusing on incremental, short-term commitments from each of the Bay jurisdictions. The National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee on the Evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Program Implementation for Nutrient Reduction in Improve Water Quality in 2009 in response to a request from the EPA. The committee was charged to assess the framework used by the states and the CBP for tracking nutrient and sediment control practices that are implemented in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and to evaluate the two-year milestone strategy. The committee was also to assess existing adaptive management strategies and to recommend improvements that could help CBP to meet its nutrient and sediment reduction goals. The committee did not attempt to identify every possible strategy that could be implemented but instead focused on approaches that are not being implemented to their full potential or that may have substantial, unrealized potential in the Bay watershed. Because many of these strategies have policy or societal implications that could not be fully evaluated by the committee, the strategies are not prioritized but are offered to encourage further consideration and exploration among the CBP partners and stakeholders.
Book Synopsis An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay by : Marc Ribaudo
Download or read book An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay written by Marc Ribaudo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book An Economic Assessment of Policy Options to Reduce Agricultural Pollutants in the Chesapeake Bay written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) was established for the Chesapeake Bay, defining the limits on emissions of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment necessary to reverse declines in the Bay's quality and associated biological resources. Agriculture is the largest single source of nutrients and sediment in the watershed. We use data on crop and animal agriculture in the watershed to assess the relative effectiveness of alternative policy approaches for achieving the nutrient and sediment reduction goals of the TMDL, ranging from voluntary financial incentives to regulations. The cost of achieving water quality goals depends heavily on which policy choices are selected and how they are implemented. We found that policies that provide incentives for water quality improvements are the most efficient, assuming necessary information on pollutant delivery is available for each field. Policies that directly encourage adoption of management systems that protect water quality (referred to as design-based) are the most practical, given the limited information that is generally available to farmers and resource agencies. Information on field characteristics can be used to target design-based policies to improve efficiency
Download or read book Nonpoint Source News-notes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Agricultural Nutrient Non-point Source Water Pollution Control in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed by : Katherine Deily Will
Download or read book Agricultural Nutrient Non-point Source Water Pollution Control in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed written by Katherine Deily Will and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Approaches to Water Resource Management by : Charles Bauer
Download or read book Regional Approaches to Water Resource Management written by Charles Bauer and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparative Evaluation of State Policies and Programs for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed by : Seung Ah Byun
Download or read book Comparative Evaluation of State Policies and Programs for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed written by Seung Ah Byun and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clean Coastal Waters by : National Research Council
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-17 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Book Synopsis Trading Up to Save the Chesapeake Bay? by : Kathleen Greenhaw
Download or read book Trading Up to Save the Chesapeake Bay? written by Kathleen Greenhaw and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The health of the Chesapeake Bay has been a national concern for over twenty-five years, but no single policy approach has successfully restored the impaired water quality of the Bay. Nutrient trading is a market-based approach that is intended to achieve reductions in nutrient pollution and improve water quality using the most cost-effective means. Trading is an appealing option for the Chesapeake Bay because a major group of nutrient pollution contributors, agricultural non-point sources, may institute relatively inexpensive conservation practices to achieve nutrient reductions and produce tradable credits. While it is true that previous attempts to facilitate trading have been more successful in theory than in practice, trading offers several popular features that make it a more acceptable option to address nutrient pollutions than other policy alternatives. As such, trading can be a valuable tool when used in conjunction with other reduction mechanisms. Particularly in a political climate where alternative regulatory approaches are likely to be seriously encumbered, nutrient trading can advance nutrient reduction efforts and complement, or even temporarily supplement, other policy options. Despite the limitations of trading, it may be the most feasible approach in the near term considering that new, comprehensive command and control regulations of non-point sources and other mechanisms like nutrient taxes are not likely to be politically feasible for some time. To improve the chances of success for nutrient trading in the Bay, existing state trading programs must be harmonized, and trading participation must improve. Engaging interested participants, particularly agricultural non-point sources of nutrient pollution, and developing better program infrastructure now will help ensure program integration and increase the likelihood of a successful Bay-wide trading scheme in the future"--Page iii.
