Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods

Download Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods

Author : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781484997062
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods by : U. S. Department of Health and Human Services

Download or read book Comparative Effectiveness Review Methods written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2013-05-17 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) commissioned the RTI International–University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (RTI-UNC) Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) to explore how systematic review groups have dealt with clinical heterogeneity and to seek out best practices for addressing clinical heterogeneity in systematic reviews (SRs) and comparative effectiveness reviews (CERs). Such best practices, to the extent they exist, may enable AHRQ's EPCs to address critiques from patients, clinicians, policymakers, and other proponents of health care about the extent to which “average” estimates of the benefits and harms of health care interventions apply to individual patients or to small groups of patients sharing similar characteristics. Such users of reviews often assert that EPC reviews typically focus on broad populations and, as a result, often lack information relevant to patient subgroups that are of particular concern to them. More important, even when EPCs evaluate literature on homogeneous groups, there may be varying individual treatment for no apparent reason, indicating that average treatment effect does not point to the best treatment for any given individual. Thus, the health care community is looking for better ways to develop information that may foster better medical care at a “personal” or “individual” level. To address our charge for this methods project, the EPC set out to answer six key questions (KQ). Key questions for methods report on clinical heterogeneity include: 1. What is clinical heterogeneity? a. How has it been defined by various groups? b. How is it distinct from statistical heterogeneity? c. How does it fit with other issues that have been addressed by the AHRQ Methods Manual for CERs? 2. How have systematic reviews dealt with clinical heterogeneity in the key questions? a. What questions have been asked? b. How have they pre-identified population subgroups with common clinical characteristics that modify their intervention-outcome association? c. What are best practices in key questions and how these subgroups have been identified? 3. How have systematic reviews dealt with clinical heterogeneity in the review process? a. What do guidance documents of various systematic review groups recommend? b. How have EPCs handled clinical heterogeneity in their reviews? c. What are best practices in searching for and interpreting results for particular subgroups with common clinical characteristics that may modify their intervention-outcome association? 4. What are critiques in how systematic reviews handle clinical heterogeneity? a. What are critiques from specific reviews (peer and public) on how EPCs handled clinical heterogeneity? b. What general critiques (in the literature) have been made against how systematic reviews handle clinical heterogeneity? 5. What evidence is there to support how to best address clinical heterogeneity in a systematic review? 6. What questions should an EPC work group on clinical heterogeneity address? Heterogeneity (of any type) in EPC reviews is important because its appearance suggests that included studies differed on one or more dimensions such as patient demographics, study designs, coexisting conditions, or other factors. EPCs then need to clarify for clinical and other audiences, collectively referred to as stakeholders, what are the potential causes of the heterogeneity in their results. This will allow the stakeholders to understand whether and to what degree they can apply this information to their own patients or constituents. Of greatest importance for this project was clinical heterogeneity, which we define as the variation in study population characteristics, coexisting conditions, cointerventions, and outcomes evaluated across studies included in an SR or CER that may influence or modify the magnitude of the intervention measure of effect (e.g., odds ratio, risk ratio, risk difference).

Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide

Author : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 1587634236
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (876 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide by : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)

Download or read book Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide written by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)

Finding What Works in Health Care

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309164257
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Finding What Works in Health Care by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Finding What Works in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.

Methods in Comparative Effectiveness Research

Author : Constantine Gatsonis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351659456
Total Pages : 547 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Methods in Comparative Effectiveness Research by : Constantine Gatsonis

Download or read book Methods in Comparative Effectiveness Research written by Constantine Gatsonis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-02-24 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative effectiveness research (CER) is the generation and synthesis of evidence that compares the benefits and harms of alternative methods to prevent, diagnose, treat, and monitor a clinical condition or to improve the delivery of care (IOM 2009). CER is conducted to develop evidence that will aid patients, clinicians, purchasers, and health policy makers in making informed decisions at both the individual and population levels. CER encompasses a very broad range of types of studies—experimental, observational, prospective, retrospective, and research synthesis. This volume covers the main areas of quantitative methodology for the design and analysis of CER studies. The volume has four major sections—causal inference; clinical trials; research synthesis; and specialized topics. The audience includes CER methodologists, quantitative-trained researchers interested in CER, and graduate students in statistics, epidemiology, and health services and outcomes research. The book assumes a masters-level course in regression analysis and familiarity with clinical research.

Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309138361
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-11-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field.

Pharmacoepidemiology

Author : Brian L. Strom
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119413419
Total Pages : 1220 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pharmacoepidemiology by : Brian L. Strom

Download or read book Pharmacoepidemiology written by Brian L. Strom and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-12-16 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic, field-defining textbook, now in its sixth edition, provides the most comprehensive guidance available for anyone needing up-to-date information in pharmacoepidemiology. This edition has been fully revised and updated throughout and continues to provide a rounded view on all perspectives from academia, industry and regulatory bodies, addressing data sources, applications and methodologies with great clarity.

Comparative Effectiveness Research

Author : Carol M. Ashton
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019996856X
Total Pages : 305 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Comparative Effectiveness Research by : Carol M. Ashton

Download or read book Comparative Effectiveness Research written by Carol M. Ashton and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-07-11 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative Effectiveness Research: Evidence, Medicine, and Policy provides the first complete account of how — and why — the federal government decided to make comparative effectiveness research (CER) an important feature of health reform and the Affordable Care Act of 2010.

Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Author : Richard Cookson
Publisher : Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation
ISBN 13 : 0198838190
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis by : Richard Cookson

Download or read book Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis written by Richard Cookson and published by Handbooks in Health Economic Evaluation. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health inequalities blight lives, generate enormous costs, and exist everywhere. This book is the definitive all-in-one guide for anyone who wishes to learn about, commission, and use distributional cost-effectiveness analysis to promote both equity and efficiency in health and healthcare.

Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions

Author : Julian P. T. Higgins
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780470699515
Total Pages : 672 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by : Julian P. T. Higgins

Download or read book Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions written by Julian P. T. Higgins and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare providers, consumers, researchers and policy makers are inundated with unmanageable amounts of information, including evidence from healthcare research. It has become impossible for all to have the time and resources to find, appraise and interpret this evidence and incorporate it into healthcare decisions. Cochrane Reviews respond to this challenge by identifying, appraising and synthesizing research-based evidence and presenting it in a standardized format, published in The Cochrane Library (www.thecochranelibrary.com). The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions contains methodological guidance for the preparation and maintenance of Cochrane intervention reviews. Written in a clear and accessible format, it is the essential manual for all those preparing, maintaining and reading Cochrane reviews. Many of the principles and methods described here are appropriate for systematic reviews applied to other types of research and to systematic reviews of interventions undertaken by others. It is hoped therefore that this book will be invaluable to all those who want to understand the role of systematic reviews, critically appraise published reviews or perform reviews themselves.

Comparative Effectiveness Research

Author : Mary A. M. Rogers
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199986045
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Comparative Effectiveness Research by : Mary A. M. Rogers

Download or read book Comparative Effectiveness Research written by Mary A. M. Rogers and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-12 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparative Effectiveness Research is the first textbook to offer an introduction to this booming clinical science. It broadly covers the examination of research questions, the possible choices of services, the types of patient-centered outcomes, the range of study designs, and how these elements fit together.

Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine

Author : Marthe R. Gold
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199880425
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine by : Marthe R. Gold

Download or read book Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine written by Marthe R. Gold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-18 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique, in-depth discussion of the uses and conduct of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) as decision-making aids in the health and medical fields, this volume is the product of over two years of comprehensive research and deliberation by a multi-disciplinary panel of economists, ethicists, psychometricians, and clinicians. Exploring cost-effectiveness in the context of societal decision-making for resource allocation purposes, this volume proposes that analysts include a "reference-case" analysis in all CEAs designed to inform resource allocation and puts forth the most explicit set of guidelines (together with their rationale) ever defined on the conduct of CEAs. Important theoretical and practical issues encountered in measuring costs and effectiveness, evaluating outcomes, discounting, and dealing with uncertainty are examined in separate chapters. Additional chapters on framing and reporting of CEAs elucidate the purpose of the analysis and the effective communication of its findings. Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine differs from the available literature in several key aspects. Most importantly, it represents a consensus on standard methods--a feature integral to a CEA, whose principal goal is to permit comparisons of the costs and health outcomes of alternative ways of improving health. The detailed level at which the discussion is offered is another major distinction of this book, since guidelines in journal literature and in CEA-related books tend to be rather general--to the extent that the analyst is left with little guidance on specific matters. The focused overview of the theoretical background underlying areas of controversy and of methodological alternatives, and, finally, the accessible writing style make this volume a top choice on the reading lists of analysts in medicine and public health who wish to improve practice and comparability of CEAs. The book will also appeal to decision-makers in government, managed care, and industry who wish to consider the uses and limitations of CEAs.

Applied Methods of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Healthcare

Author : Alastair M. Gray
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199227284
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Applied Methods of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Healthcare by : Alastair M. Gray

Download or read book Applied Methods of Cost-effectiveness Analysis in Healthcare written by Alastair M. Gray and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with a comprehensive set of instructions and examples of how to perform an economic evaluation of a health intervention, focusing solely on cost-effectiveness analysis in healthcare.

Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine

Author : Peter J. Neumann
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190492937
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine by : Peter J. Neumann

Download or read book Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine written by Peter J. Neumann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceded by: Cost-effectiveness in health and medicine / edited by Marthe R. Gold ... [et al.]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Cost Effectiveness Modelling for Health Technology Assessment

Author : Richard Edlin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319157442
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cost Effectiveness Modelling for Health Technology Assessment by : Richard Edlin

Download or read book Cost Effectiveness Modelling for Health Technology Assessment written by Richard Edlin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introduction to decision analytic cost-effectiveness modelling, giving the theoretical and practical knowledge required to design and implement analyses that meet the methodological standards of health technology assessment organisations. The book guides you through building a decision tree and Markov model and, importantly, shows how the results of cost-effectiveness analyses are interpreted. Given the complex nature of cost-effectiveness modelling and the often unfamiliar language that runs alongside it, we wanted to make this book as accessible as possible whilst still providing a comprehensive, in-depth, practical guide that reflects the state of the art – that includes the most recent developments in cost-effectiveness modelling. Although the nature of cost effectiveness modelling means that some parts are inevitably quite technical, across the 13 chapters we have broken down explanations of theory and methods into bite-sized pieces that you can work through at your own pace; we have provided explanations of terms and methods as we use them. Importantly, the exercises and online workbooks allow you to test your skills and understanding as you go along.

Systematic Reviews in Educational Research

Author : Olaf Zawacki-Richter
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3658276029
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (582 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Systematic Reviews in Educational Research by : Olaf Zawacki-Richter

Download or read book Systematic Reviews in Educational Research written by Olaf Zawacki-Richter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this open access edited volume, international researchers of the field describe and discuss the systematic review method in its application to research in education. Alongside fundamental methodical considerations, reflections and practice examples are included and provide an introduction and overview on systematic reviews in education research.

Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation

Author : Andrew Briggs
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191004952
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation by : Andrew Briggs

Download or read book Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation written by Andrew Briggs and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-08-17 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In financially constrained health systems across the world, increasing emphasis is being placed on the ability to demonstrate that health care interventions are not only effective, but also cost-effective. This book deals with decision modelling techniques that can be used to estimate the value for money of various interventions including medical devices, surgical procedures, diagnostic technologies, and pharmaceuticals. Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of the appropriate representation of uncertainty in the evaluative process and the implication this uncertainty has for decision making and the need for future research. This highly practical guide takes the reader through the key principles and approaches of modelling techniques. It begins with the basics of constructing different forms of the model, the population of the model with input parameter estimates, analysis of the results, and progression to the holistic view of models as a valuable tool for informing future research exercises. Case studies and exercises are supported with online templates and solutions. This book will help analysts understand the contribution of decision-analytic modelling to the evaluation of health care programmes. ABOUT THE SERIES: Economic evaluation of health interventions is a growing specialist field, and this series of practical handbooks will tackle, in-depth, topics superficially addressed in more general health economics books. Each volume will include illustrative material, case histories and worked examples to encourage the reader to apply the methods discussed, with supporting material provided online. This series is aimed at health economists in academia, the pharmaceutical industry and the health sector, those on advanced health economics courses, and health researchers in associated fields.

Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials

Author : Henry A. Glick
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191508063
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials by : Henry A. Glick

Download or read book Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials written by Henry A. Glick and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is becoming increasingly important to examine the relationship between the outcomes of a clinical trial and the costs of the medical therapy under study. The results of such analysis can affect reimbursement decisions for new medical technologies, drugs, devices or diagnostics. It can aid companies seeking to make claims about the cost-effectiveness of their product, as well as allowing early consideration of the economic value of therapies which may be important to improving initial adoption decisions. It is also vital for addressing the requirements of regulatory bodies. Economic Evaluation in Clinical Trials provides practical advice on how to conduct cost-effectiveness analyses in controlled trials of medical therapies. This new edition has been extensively rewritten and revised; topics discussed range from design issues such as the types of services that should be measured and price weights, to assessment of quality-adjusted life years. Illustrative materials, case histories and worked examples are included to encourage the reader to apply the methods discussed. These exercises are supported with datasets, programmes and solutions made available online.