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Combined So2 No3 Reduction Technology
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Book Synopsis Combined SO2/NO3 Reduction Technology by :
Download or read book Combined SO2/NO3 Reduction Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments and passage of state legislation leading to more stringent nitrogen oxides (NO3 regulations have fueled research and development efforts on technologies for the combined control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and NO3 The integrated removal of both SO2 and NO3 in a single system can offer significant advantages over the use of several separate processes, including such factors as reduced system complexity, better operability, and lower costs. This paper reviews the status of a number of integrated flue-gas-cleanup (FGC) systems that have reached a significant stage of development, focusing on post-combustion processes that have been tested or are ready for testing at the pilot scale or larger. A brief process description, a summary of the development status and performance achieved to date, pending commercialization issues, and process economics (when available) are given for each technology.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Final Report, Volume 1 by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System. Final Report, Volume 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)/Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) and the Public Services Company of Colorado (PSCo) signed the cooperative agreement for the Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System in March 1991. This project integrates various combinations of five existing and emerging technologies onto a 100 MWe, down-fired, load-following unit that burns pulverized coal. The project is expected to achieve up to 70% reductions in both oxides of nitrogen (NO3 and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions. Various combinations of low-NO3 burners (LNBs), overfire air (OFA) ports, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), dry sorbent injection (DSI) using both calcium- and sodium-based reagents, and flue-gas humidification are expected to integrate synergistically and control both NO3 and SO2 emissions better than if each technology were used alone. For instance, ammonia emissions from the SNCR system are expected to reduce NO2 emissions and allow the DSI system (sodium-based reagents) to achieve higher removals of SO2. Unlike tangentially or wall-fired units, down-fired require substantial modification to their pressure parts to retrofit LNBs and OFA ports, substantially increasing the cost of retrofit. Conversely, the retrofitting of SNCR, DSI, or humidification systems does not require any major boiler modifications and are easily retrofitted to all boiler types. However, existing furnace geometry and flue-gas temperatures can limit their placement and effectiveness. In particular, SNCR requires injecting the SNCR chemicals into the furnace where the temperature is within a very narrow temperature range.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This environmental assessment (EA) was prepared to evaluate the potential impacts of a proposed demonstration project to be cost-shared by DOE and NOXSO Corporation under the terms of Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program. The project would demonstrate the NOXSO flue gas treatment technology, which is designed to reduce sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 emissions from existing coal-fired electric generating units. Its objective is to introduce advanced, efficient, reliable, and environmentally improved coal utilization technologies to the U.S. energy marketplace, in order to reduce or eliminate economic and environmental barriers to the continued use of coal as an energy source. This EA represents the third level of DOEs̀ NEPA strategy: the preparation and public distribution of NEPA documents for each project selected for financial assistance under the PON. It contains a site-specific environmental impact analysis of the proposed federal action, and will result in either a Finding of No Significant Impact, or a determination that significant impacts may occur, in which case an Environmental Impact Statement must be prepared. The sources of information for this EA include the technical proposal for the project submitted by NOXSO in response to the CCT Round III PON; discussions with NOXSO and their consultants; discussions with federal, state and local agencies; the April 1995 NOXSO Environmental Information Volume provided to DOE for the project; and visits to the proposed project sites.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report by :
Download or read book Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx using a regenerable solid sorbent will constitute an important improvement over the use of separate processes for the removal of these two pollutants from stack gases and possibly eliminate several shortcomings of the individual SO2 and NOx removal operations. Recent studies at PETC considered cerium oxide as an alternate sorbent to CuO. The present study aims to determine the effects of ammonia on the sulfation of the sorbent and to obtain a rate expression for the regeneration of alumina-supported CeO2 sorbents. In the past quarter the effect of ammonia on sulfation was investigated. It was found that the presence of ammonia affects the sulfation process unfavorably by forming ammonium sulfate species on the surface which subsequently decompose and cause sulfur loss from the surface. Since formation of surface ammonium sulfates increase the sorbent mass, it is difficult to deduce the magnitude of the sulfur loss from the surface only by thermogravimetric analysis.
Book Synopsis Microbial Reduction of SO2 and NO3 as a Means of By-product Recovery/disposal from Regenerable Processes for the Desulfurization of Flue Gas. Technical Progress Report, March 11, 1993--June 11, 1993 by :
Download or read book Microbial Reduction of SO2 and NO3 as a Means of By-product Recovery/disposal from Regenerable Processes for the Desulfurization of Flue Gas. Technical Progress Report, March 11, 1993--June 11, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two basic approaches to addressing the problem of SO2 and NOx emissions: (1) desulfurize (and denitrogenate) the feedstock prior to or during combustion; or (2) scrub the resultant SO2 and oxides of nitrogen from the boiler flue gases. The flue gas processing alternative has been addressed in this project via microbial reduction of SO2 and NOx by sulfate-reducing bacteria.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Environmental Information Volume by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Environmental Information Volume written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Demonstration Program is a $5 billion technology demonstration program that was legislated by Congress to be funded jointly by the federal government and industrial or other sector participants. The goal of the Program is to make available to the U.S. energy marketplace a number of advanced, more efficient, reliable, and environmentally responsive coal utilization and environmental control technologies. These technologies are intended to reduce or eliminate the economic and environmental impediments that limit the full consideration of coal as a future energy resource. Over the next decade, the Program will advance the technical, environmental and economic performance of these advanced technologies to the point where the private sector will be able to introduce them into the commercial marketplace. Each of these demonstrations is in a scale large enough to generate sufficient design, construction and operation data for the private sector to judge the technologys̀ commercial potential and to make informed confident decisions on its commercial readiness. The strategy being implemented to achieve the goal of the CCT Demonstration Program is to conduct a multi-phase effort consisting of at least five separate solicitations for projects, each with individual objectives that, when integrated, will make technology options available on a schedule consistent with the demands of the energy market and responsive to the relevant environmental considerations. This paper describes a commercial demonstration project to be fielded in support of this program.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 12, December 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 12, December 1, 1993--February 28, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. The plant general arrangement has been revised to incorporate principles used in the design of fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) plants. A NOXSO plant availability analysis was prepared using operating experience from the recently completed pilot plant as a basis. The impact of water desorption in the sorbent heater and water adsorption in the sorbent cooler has been quantified and incorporated into the NOXSO process simulator. NOXSO process economics has been updated based on the present design. Capital cost for a 500 MW plant designed to remove 98% of the SO2 and 85% of the NO3 is estimated at $247/kW.
Book Synopsis Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System by :
Download or read book Integrated Dry NO3 SO2 Emissions Control System written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The DOE sponsored Integrated Dry NOx/SO2 Emissions Control System Program, is a Clean Coal Technology III demonstration, being conducted by Public Service Company of Colorado. The test site is Arapahoe Generating Station Unit 4, a 100 MWe, down-fired utility boiler burning a low-sulfur Western coal. The project goal is to demonstrate up to 70 percent reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions through the integration of: (1) down-fired low NOx burners with overfire air; (2) Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) for additional NOx removal; and (3) Dry Sorbent Injection (DSI) and duct humidification for SO2 removal. This report documents the final phase of the test program, in which the overall performance of the integrated system was evaluated. Previous testing has shown that the goal of 70 percent NOx removal was easily achieved with the combination of low-NOx burners, overfire air, and urea-based SNCR. Similarly, the ability of the sodium-based DSI system to achieve 70 percent SO2 removal was also demonstrated previously. The integrated tests demonstrated the synergistic benefit of operating the SNCR and sodium-based DSI systems concurrently. With the automatic control system set to limit the NH3 emissions to less than 8 ppm, the NO2 emissions from the sodium-based DSI system were reduced by nominally 50 percent compared to operation with the DSI system alone. Comparably, the combined operation reduced NH3 emissions, as reflected by a higher urea injection rate for a fixed NH3 emission limit. With combined DSI and SNCR operation, an ammonia odor problem was encountered around the Unit 4 ash silo (this did not occur with the SNCR system operated alone at comparable NH3 slip levels). This odor problem is attributed to the sodium changing the rate at which NH3 is released from the ash when it is wetted for truck transport to the disposal site.
Book Synopsis Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 11, September 1--November 30, 1993 by :
Download or read book Commercial Demonstration of the NOXSO SO2/NO3 Removal Flue Gas Cleanup System. Quarterly Technical Progress Report No. 11, September 1--November 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NOXSO process is a dry, post-combustion flue gas treatment technology which uses a regenerable sorbent to simultaneously adsorb sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO3 from the flue gas of a coal-fired utility boiler. In the process, the SO2 is reduced to sulfur by-product and the NO3 is reduced to nitrogen and oxygen. It is predicted that the process can economically remove 90% of the acid rain precursor gases from the flue gas stream in a retrofit or new facility. The objective of the NOXSO Demonstration Project is to design, construct, and operate a flue gas treatment system utilizing the NOXSO process. The effectiveness of the process will be demonstrated by achieving significant reductions in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides. In addition, sufficient operating data will be obtained to confirm the process economics and provide a basis to guarantee performance on a commercial scale. The project is presently in the project definition and preliminary design phase. Data obtained during pilot plant testing which was completed on July 30, 1993 is being incorporated in the design of the commercial size plant. A suitable host site to demonstrate the NOXSO process on a commercial scale is presently being sought. Preliminary engineering studies provided information to decide on the basic plant arrangement. A scaled up POC design was selected as the general arrangement of choice based on a cost versus technical risk assessment. The first step in developing an adsorber computer simulation was completed. Several processes for producing liquid SO2 from the regenerator offgas were developed and evaluated. It was concluded that the Claus and burn process which involves making elemental sulfur as an intermediate product was the best choice. The NOXSO process computer simulation was updated to include semi-plug solids flow through the fluidized beds of the sorbent heater and cooler. Heat loss calculations were also added.
Book Synopsis Combined SO2/NOx Reduction Technology by : C. David Livengood
Download or read book Combined SO2/NOx Reduction Technology written by C. David Livengood and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Removal of Nitrogen from Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through NO3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) by : Javid Ghorashian
Download or read book Removal of Nitrogen from Secondary Wastewater Effluent Through NO3-N Reduction Using Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) written by Javid Ghorashian and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled by :
Download or read book Nitrogen oxides (NOx) why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Combined SO2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enactment of the Clean Air Act Amendments and passage of state legislation leading to more stringent nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)) regulations have fueled research and development efforts on technologies for the combined control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and NO(subscript x). The integrated removal of both SO2 and NO(subscript x), in a single system can offer significant advantages over the use of several separate processes, including such factors as reduced system complexity, better operability, and lower costs. This paper reviews the status of a number of integrated flue-gas-cleanup (FGC) systems that have reached a significant stage of development, focusing on post-combustion processes that have been tested or are ready for testing at the pilot scale or larger. A brief process description, a summary of the development status and performance achieved to date, pending commercialization issues, and process economics (when available) are given for each technology.
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1993--December 1993 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1993--December 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx using a regenerable solid sorbent will constitute an important improvement over the use of separate processes for the removal of these two pollutants from stack gases and possibly eliminate several shortcomings of the individual SO2 and NOx removal operations. This process will allow simple and reliable cleanup of large volumes of stack gases as a competitive cost; produce a concentrated stream of SO2 which can easily be converted into valuable by-products; be compatible with existing power generation plants; and essentially eliminate the waste materials generated in some other sulfur removal processes. Department of Energys̀ Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) and UOP/Shell have developed processes which both employ copper oxide-based sorbents in different reactor configurations, namely, former uses a regenerative fluidized bed while the latter employs a cyclic fixed bed contactor. More recent studies at PETC considered cerium oxide as an alternate sorbent to CuO. Ceria improves the resistance of the alumina support to thermal sintering and produces a regeneration off-gas stream that can be easily converted to elemental sulfur. It has a potentially higher sulfur capture capacity than copper. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of ammonia on the sulfation of the sorbent; to determine the effects of fly ash on the sulfation and regeneration of the sorbent; to obtain a rate expression for the regeneration of alumina-supported CeO2 sorbents; to model reactor configurations for a commercial scale combined CeO2/Al2O3 sorbent; and to study alternative designs, effects of design variables on the performance of the facility, and the economics of the process using the developed model.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1993--March 1993 by :
Download or read book Investigation of Combined SO2/NO3 Removal by Ceria Sorbents. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1993--March 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous removal of SO2 and NOx using a regenerable solid sorbent will constitute an important improvement over the use of separate processes for the removal of these two pollutants from stack gases and possibly eliminate several shortcomings of the individual SO2 and NOx removal operations. This process will allow simple and reliable cleanup of large volumes of stack gases at a competitive cost; produce a concentrated stream of SO2 which an easily be converted into valuable by-products; be compatible with existing power generation plants; and essentially eliminate the waste materials generated in some other sulfur removal processes. Department of Energys̀ Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) and UOP/Shell have developed processes which both employ copper oxide-based sorbents in different reactor configurations, namely, former uses a regenerative fluidized bed while the latter employs a cyclic fixed bed contactor. More recent studies at PETC considered cerium oxide as an alternate sorbent to CuO. Ceria improves the resistance of the alumina support to thermal sintering and produces a regeneration off-gas stream that can be easily converted to elemental sulfur. It has a potentially higher sulfur capture capacity than copper. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of ammonia on the sulfation of the sorbent; to determine the effects of fly ash on the sulfation and regeneration of the sorbent; to obtain a rate expression for the regeneration of alumina-supported CeO2 sorbents; to model reactor configurations for a commercial scale combined CeO2/Al2O3 sorbent; and to study alternative designs, effects of design variables on the performance of the facility, and the economics of the process using the developed model.
