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Combined Particle Filter And Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst For Diesel Engines
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Book Synopsis Combined Particle Filter and Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst for Diesel Engines by : Jeanette Hvam
Download or read book Combined Particle Filter and Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalyst for Diesel Engines written by Jeanette Hvam and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER by :
Download or read book EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING STUDY OF PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION UNDER LOADING CONDITIONS FOR A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : The heavy-duty diesel engines use a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC), a Catalyzed Particulate Filter (CPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with urea injection and a Ammonia Oxidation Catalyst (AMOX), to meet the US EPA 2010/2013 particulate matter (PM) and NOx emission standards. However, it is not possible to achieve the 2015 California low NOx standards with this arrangement. Hence, there is a need to improve the existing aftertreatment system. This can be achieved by coating the SCR catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF), thus combining the PM filtration and NOx reduction functionality into a single device. This reduces the overall volume/weight of the system and provides opportunity for packaging flexibility and improved thermal management along with the possibility of higher NOx reduction with a downstream SCR system. The SCR catalyst on a DPF used in this study is known as a SCRF℗ʼ which was supplied by Johnson Matthey and Corning. Previous research on the CPF and SCRF℗ʼ at MTU highlighted that the reactivity of PM retained in the CPF and SCRF℗ʼ is higher during loading conditions compared to passive oxidation conditions i.e. when the flow rate of PM entering the CPF or SCRF℗ʼ is higher in loading conditions compared to the low flow rate and higher PM reaction rate during passive oxidation conditions. A 2013 Cummins ISB engine with a DOC-SCRF℗ʼ arrangement was used to perform twelve tests (eight tests without urea injection and four tests with urea injection) in order to determine the NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance of the SCRF℗ʼ under loading conditions with and without urea injection. The primary focus of this study was to carry out Loading Tests with and without Urea injection and measure species concentrations, PM mass retained, exhaust flowrates, substrate temperature distributions, pressure drop across the filter, and to determine the kinetics of NO2 assisted PM oxidation under loading conditions and compare it with kinetics under passive oxidation conditions. The NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance of the SCRF℗ʼ was experimentally studied by running the engine at 2400 RPM and four different loads at nominal and reduced rail pressure for 5.5 hours in two stages of loading. These conditions were intended to span the SCRF℗ʼ inlet temperatures in the range of 264-364oC and inlet NO2 concentrations in the range of 52-120 ppm. Four conditions out of these eight conditions were repeated with the injection of urea in the form of diesel exhaust fluid at a target ammonia to NOx ratio of 1.0 to investigate both the NOx reduction performance, as well as the effect of urea on the NO2 assisted passive oxidation performance. From the conclusions of the study based on the experimental data, it was found that the cumulative percentage of PM oxidized in the SCRF℗ʼ increases with the increase in engine load due to higher SCRF℗ʼ temperatures and NO2 concentrations. On average, the reactions rates with urea injection during loading conditions in the SCRF℗ʼ are 25% lower compared to the reaction rates without urea injection. The reactivity of PM under loading conditions with and without urea injection is higher compared to the reactivity of PM under passive oxidation with and without urea injection. For a lumped PM oxidation model, a higher pre-exponential for NO2 assisted oxidation is needed for loading as compared to passive oxidation conditions. It was not possible to determine the kinetics of NO2 assisted oxidation of PM under loading conditions from the experimental data using a standard Arrhenius model which lead to the development of a different model for PM oxidation. A PM oxidation model was developed based on the shrinking core model which keeps the identity of the incoming PM masses in the SCRF℗ʼ as compared to SCR-F model being developed at MTU which is lumped model for PM oxidation. The PM oxidation model was calibrated to simulate PM oxidation in the SCRF℗ʼ with a single set of kinetics under wide range of conditions including loading and passive oxidation conditions. The reaction rate results from the PM oxidation model were then applied to the SCR-F model to simulate the pressure drop across SCRF℗ʼ and the PM retained in the SCRF℗ʼ for the loading conditions used in this study. The SCR-F model was calibrated using experimental data from Loading Tests w/o Urea to simulate the PM retained within ℗ł2 g and pressure drop across SCRF℗ʼ within ℗ł0.5 kPa of the experimental data at the end of the test. The calibrated SCR-F model was also used to estimate the cake, wall and channel pressure drop and the PM retained in the cake and wall for the Loading Tests w/o Urea to check the integrity of experimental data and the consistency of the model. The NO2 assisted kinetics for PM oxidation in the SCRF℗ʼ without urea injection using the SCR-F model resulted in an activation energy of 96 kJ/gmol and pre-exponential factor of 2.6 m/K-s for the cake and 1.8 m/K-s for the wall. An analysis of the results from the SCR-F model suggests that for all the conditions, 84-92% of the total PM retained was in the PM cake layer and the oxidation in the PM cake layer accounted for 72-84% of the total PM mass oxidized during loading.
Book Synopsis Particle Filter Retrofit for All Diesel Engines by : Andreas Mayer
Download or read book Particle Filter Retrofit for All Diesel Engines written by Andreas Mayer and published by expert verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR by :
Download or read book THE EMISSION AND PARTICULATE MATTER OXIDATION PERFORMANCE OF A SCR CATALYST ON A DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTER WITH A DOWNSTREAM SCR written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems along with a NH3 slip control catalyst (ASC) offers NOx conversion efficiency >90 % with NH3 slip 90 % with NH3 slip 95 %. A downstream SCR catalyst substrate can be used to get additional NOx conversion by using the SCRF® outlet NH3 to increase the cumulative NOx conversion of the system. In this study, NOx reduction, NH3 slip and PM oxidation performance of a Cu-zeolite SCRF® with a downstream Cu-zeolite SCR were investigated based on engine experimental data at steady state conditions. The experimental data were collected at varying SCRF® inlet temperatures, space velocities, inlet NOx concentrations, NO2/ NOx ratios at ammonia to NOx ratios (ANR) between 1.02 to 1.10. The results demonstrated that the SCRF® with downstream SCR together can achieve NOx conversion efficiency > 98% at ANRs between 1.02 - 1.10 (which may have been due to measurement inaccuracies in downstream SCRF 98% at ANRs between 1.02 - 1.10 (which may have been due to measurement inaccuracies in downstream SCRF®/SCRdata), for the inlet temperature range of 200 - 370°C, space velocity in the range of 10 to 34 k/hr and inlet NO2/ NOx in the range of 0.3 - 0.5. However, NH3 slip from the SCRF® decreases and NOx concentration downstream of the SCRF® increases with the oxidation of PM in the SCRF®. The PM oxidation kinetics are affected by the deNOx reactions, hence, the SCRF® with urea dosing showed ~80 % lower reaction rates during passive oxidation when compared to the production CPF. The effect of varying fuel rail injection pressure on the primary particle diameter and on the Elemental Carbon (EC) and Organic Carbon (OC) fraction of the total carbon was also studied. The primary particle diameter was found to be in the range of 28-30 nm with no effect of the variation in fuel rail injection pressure on it. The OC part of the Total Carbon (TC) did not vary significantly with fuel rail injection pressure. The EC content increased with decrease in fuel rail injection pressure.
Book Synopsis DEMONSTRATION OF POTENTIAL FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION AND DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTERS. by :
Download or read book DEMONSTRATION OF POTENTIAL FOR SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION AND DIESEL PARTICULATE FILTERS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project addresses the potential for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) devices (using urea as reductant) together with Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) and low-pressure loop exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) to achieve future stringent emissions standards for heavy-duty engines powering Class 8 vehicles. Two emission control systems consisting of the three technologies (EGR, SCR, and DPF) were calibrated on a Caterpillar C-12 heavy-duty diesel engine. Results of these calibrations showed good promise in meeting the 2010 heavy-duty emission standards as set forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). These two emission control systems were developed to evaluate a series of fuels that have similar formulations except for their sulfur content. Additionally, one fuel, code-named BP15, was also evaluated. This fuel was prepared by processing straight-run distillate stocks through a commercial, single stage hydrotreater employing high activity catalyst at maximum severity. An additional goal of this program is to provide data for an on-going EPA technology review that evaluates progress toward meeting 2007/2010 emission standards. These emissions levels were to be achieved not only on the transient test cycles but in other modes of operation such as the steady-state Euro-III style emission test known as the OICA (Organisation Internationale des Compagnies d'Automobiles) or the ESC (European Stationary Cycle). Additionally, hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions standards are to be met.
Book Synopsis Diesel Particulate Filter Technology by : Timothy V Johnson
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Filter Technology written by Timothy V Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, the complexity of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system has hindered its commercial success. Stringent regulations of diesel emissions has lead to advancements in this technology, therefore mainstreaming the use of DPFs in light- and heavy-duty diesel filtration applications. This book covers the latest and most important research in DPF systems, focusing mainly on the advancements of the years 2002-2006. Editor Timothy V. Johnson selected the top 29 SAE papers covering the most significant research in this technology.
Book Synopsis NOx Trap Catalysts and Technologies by : Luca Lietti
Download or read book NOx Trap Catalysts and Technologies written by Luca Lietti and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle exhaust emissions, particularly from diesel cars, are considered to be a significant problem for the environment and human health. Lean NOx Trap (LNT) or NOx Storage/Reduction (NSR) technology is one of the current techniques used in the abatement of NOx from lean exhausts. Researchers are constantly searching for new inexpensive catalysts with high efficiency at low temperatures and negligible fuel penalties, to meet the challenges of this field. This book will be the first to comprehensively present the current research on this important area. Covering the technology used, from its development in the early 1990s up to the current state-of-the-art technologies and new legislation. Beginning with the fundamental aspects of the process, the discussion will cover the real application standard through to the detailed modelling of full scale catalysts. Scientists, academic and industrial researchers, engineers working in the automotive sector and technicians working on emission control will find this book an invaluable resource.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Air Pollution Control by : Ronald M. Heck
Download or read book Catalytic Air Pollution Control written by Ronald M. Heck and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 2002-07 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has become increasingly imperative to develop new systems for controlling air pollution. This edition chronicles the emerging technologies of the past few years in addition to its original, authoritive treatment of the fundamentals of the discipline.
Book Synopsis Catalysis By Ceria And Related Materials (2nd Edition) by : Alessandro Trovarelli
Download or read book Catalysis By Ceria And Related Materials (2nd Edition) written by Alessandro Trovarelli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows the 2002 edition of Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials, which was the first book entirely devoted to ceria and its catalytic properties. In the ten years since the first edition a massive amount of work has been carried out in the field, and ceria has gained a prominent position in catalysis as one of the most valuable material for several applications. This second edition covers fundamental and applied aspects of the latest advances in ceria-based materials with a special focus on structural, redox and catalytic features. Special emphasis is given to nano-engineered and nano-shaped systems which are a key factor in the predictive and rational design of ceria with novel properties.In addition, the book presents recent advances in emerging and traditional large-scale applications of ceria in catalysis, such as the treatment of emissions from mobile sources (including diesel and gasoline engines). The primary readership includes catalysis and material science researchers from academy and industry and postdoctorate and graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering and physics.
Book Synopsis Combined Catalyzed Soot Filter and SCR Catalyst System for Diesel Engine Emission Reduction by :
Download or read book Combined Catalyzed Soot Filter and SCR Catalyst System for Diesel Engine Emission Reduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substantially reduces particulate emission for diesel vehicles Up to 90% effective against carbonaceous particulate matter Significantly reduces CO and HC Filter regenerates at normal diesel operation temperatures Removable design for easy cleaning and maintenance.
Book Synopsis Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials by : Alessandro Trovarelli
Download or read book Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials written by Alessandro Trovarelli and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows the 2002 edition of Catalysis by Ceria and Related Materials, which was the first book entirely devoted to ceria and its catalytic properties. In the ten years since the first edition a massive amount of work has been carried out in the field, and ceria has gained a prominent position in catalysis as one of the most valuable material for several applications. This second edition covers fundamental and applied aspects of the latest advances in ceria-based materials with a special focus on structural, redox and catalytic features. Special emphasis is given to nano-engineered and nano-shaped systems which are a key factor in the predictive and rational design of ceria with novel properties.In addition, the book presents recent advances in emerging and traditional large-scale applications of ceria in catalysis, such as the treatment of emissions from mobile sources (including diesel and gasoline engines). The primary readership includes catalysis and material science researchers from academy and industry and postdoctorate and graduate students in chemistry, chemical engineering and physics.
Book Synopsis Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development by : H Zhao
Download or read book Advanced Direct Injection Combustion Engine Technologies and Development written by H Zhao and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-01-23 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct injection enables precise control of the fuel/air mixture so that engines can be tuned for improved power and fuel economy, but ongoing research challenges remain in improving the technology for commercial applications. As fuel prices escalate DI engines are expected to gain in popularity for automotive applications. This important book, in two volumes, reviews the science and technology of different types of DI combustion engines and their fuels. Volume 1 deals with direct injection gasoline and CNG engines, including history and essential principles, approaches to improved fuel economy, design, optimisation, optical techniques and their applications. Reviews key technologies for enhancing direct injection (DI) gasoline engines Examines approaches to improved fuel economy and lower emissions Discusses DI compressed natural gas (CNG) engines and biofuels
Book Synopsis Modeling of Aftertreatment Systems for Diesel Engines by : Nimrod Kapas
Download or read book Modeling of Aftertreatment Systems for Diesel Engines written by Nimrod Kapas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines by : Lars Eriksson
Download or read book Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines written by Lars Eriksson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-02-27 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Control systems have come to play an important role in the performance of modern vehicles with regards to meeting goals on low emissions and low fuel consumption. To achieve these goals, modeling, simulation, and analysis have become standard tools for the development of control systems in the automotive industry. Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines provides an up-to-date treatment of the topic from a clear perspective of systems engineering and control systems, which are at the core of vehicle design. This book has three main goals. The first is to provide a thorough understanding of component models as building blocks. It has therefore been important to provide measurements from real processes, to explain the underlying physics, to describe the modeling considerations, and to validate the resulting models experimentally. Second, the authors show how the models are used in the current design of control and diagnosis systems. These system designs are never used in isolation, so the third goal is to provide a complete setting for system integration and evaluation, including complete vehicle models together with actual requirements and driving cycle analysis. Key features: Covers signals, systems, and control in modern vehicles Covers the basic dynamics of internal combustion engines and drivelines Provides a set of standard models and includes examples and case studies Covers turbo- and super-charging, and automotive dependability and diagnosis Accompanied by a web site hosting example models and problems and solutions Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines is a comprehensive reference for graduate students and the authors’ close collaboration with the automotive industry ensures that the knowledge and skills that practicing engineers need when analysing and developing new powertrain systems are also covered.
Book Synopsis Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts by : Isabella Nova
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Download or read book Diesel Engine written by Saiful Bari and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-04-30 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines, also known as CI engines, possess a wide field of applications as energy converters because of their higher efficiency. However, diesel engines are a major source of NOX and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Because of its importance, five chapters in this book have been devoted to the formulation and control of these pollutants. The world is currently experiencing an oil crisis. Gaseous fuels like natural gas, pure hydrogen gas, biomass-based and coke-based syngas can be considered as alternative fuels for diesel engines. Their combustion and exhaust emissions characteristics are described in this book. Reliable early detection of malfunction and failure of any parts in diesel engines can save the engine from failing completely and save high repair cost. Tools are discussed in this book to detect common failure modes of diesel engine that can detect early signs of failure.
Book Synopsis Diesel Particulate Filter Technology by : Timothy V Johnson
Download or read book Diesel Particulate Filter Technology written by Timothy V Johnson and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, the complexity of the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) system has hindered its commercial success. Stringent regulations of diesel emissions has lead to advancements in this technology, therefore mainstreaming the use of DPFs in light- and heavy-duty diesel filtration applications. This book covers the latest and most important research in DPF systems, focusing mainly on the advancements of the years 2002-2006. Editor Timothy V. Johnson selected the top 29 SAE papers covering the most significant research in this technology.