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Combined Analyses Of Cancer Mortality Among Nuclear Industry Workers In Canada The United Kingdom And The United States Of America
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Book Synopsis Combined Analyses of Cancer Mortality Among Nuclear Industry Workers in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America by : E. Cardis
Download or read book Combined Analyses of Cancer Mortality Among Nuclear Industry Workers in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America written by E. Cardis and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports the results of an analysis of combined mortality data on 95,673 nuclear industry workers at seven facilities in the USA, UK and Canada. Workers at these facilities, which include both atomic energy stations and nuclear weapons plants, have been monitored in previous studies to determine the health effects of external exposure to ionizing radiation. By combining and assessing data from previous studies, the present analysis aimed to develop more precise estimates of the risk of radiation-induced cancer and thus to strengthen the scientific basis for setting radiation protection standards. The study also compared risk estimates among workers with estimates obtained in high-dose studies, including investigations of atomic bomb survivors and of patients irradiated for therapeutic purposes. The results represent the most comprehensive and precise direct assessment to date of the carcinogenic risk of protracted external exposure to generally low doses of ionizing radiation. The combined analysis of data on nuclear industry workers found a significant increase in the risk of leukemia, and of myeloid leukemia in particular, at relatively low dose levels. The study also provided an opportunity to examine some of the previously reported associations between low doses of ionizing radiation and mortality from specific cancer types. Of the 36 cancer types or groupings considered, most showed little or no association with radiation exposure. Apart from leukemia, multiple myeloma was the only cancer to exhibit a statistically significant association with radiation dose.
Author :Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309133343 Total Pages :422 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by : National Research Council
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1436 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Reexamining the Scientific Basis for the Linear No-threshold Model of Low-dose Radiation by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Download or read book Reexamining the Scientific Basis for the Linear No-threshold Model of Low-dose Radiation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by : National Research Council
Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Book Synopsis Study of Mortality Among Female Nuclear Weapons Workers by :
Download or read book Study of Mortality Among Female Nuclear Weapons Workers written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Services Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Cancer Mortality and Incidence Among Nuclear Weapons Workers at the Rocky Flats Plant by : Timothy S. Wells
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Mortality and Incidence Among Nuclear Weapons Workers at the Rocky Flats Plant written by Timothy S. Wells and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From Critical Science to Solutions by : Richard Clapp
Download or read book From Critical Science to Solutions written by Richard Clapp and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2017. In this volume, the editor collected articles that primarily appeared in the “Scientific Solutions” section of New Solutions, A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy. The articles in the book are grouped into three general categories, starting with Critical Science. These articles are primarily critiques of “how science is done” or how science is incorporated into public health policy in the United States and elsewhere. The second category is what I have called Precautionary Science. These articles, such as the ones by Dement on asbestos and Solomon, and colleagues on the risks of manganese, essentially call for precautionary regulations to reduce exposures where there is substantial but, in the eyes of some, less than definitive scientific knowledge. The final category is Solutions Science. In some ways, this represents the current stage of precautionary science, where we have begun to look at larger societal issues and have moved beyond traditional scientific approaches and critiques.
Book Synopsis Environmental Health Perspectives by :
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Ionizing Radiation by : Seymour Abrahamson
Download or read book Effects of Ionizing Radiation written by Seymour Abrahamson and published by Joseph Henry Press. This book was released on 1998-07-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the decades since the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, economic and political trends have opened avenues for radiation research while breakthroughs in molecular biology have shed light on radiation's effect on the human body. This volume comprehensively reviews what is now known about human exposure to ionizing radiation, with emphasis on unifying the scientific disciplines that inform this topic. Today's most widely recognized experts in the field examine four broad areas: Physics and dosimetry, including the various systems of A-bomb survivor dosimetry, the effect on survivors of subsequent medical radiation, and chromosome aberrations as biomarkers. Cancer statistics and epidemiology, including a historical review of leukemia risk in A-bomb survivors, the incidence of solid cancer and resulting mortality, and the results of studies of workers exposed to low-level radiation. Genetics, including the path from radiation exposure to cellular effects, carcinogenesis, and mutagenesis. Experts discuss the interaction between radiation and other cancer risk factors, review models of radiation-induced cancer, and report on other aspects of molecular biology. Psychological effects of radiation catastrophesâ€"as seen at Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Three Mile Island, and Chernobylâ€"and consequences of the Atomic Bomb Survivors Relief Law.
Book Synopsis Mortality Among Mound Workers Exposed to Polonium-210 and Other Sources of Radiation, 1944-1979 by :
Download or read book Mortality Among Mound Workers Exposed to Polonium-210 and Other Sources of Radiation, 1944-1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polonium-210 is a naturally occurring radioactive element that decays by emitting an alpha particle. It is in the air we breathe and also a component of tobacco smoke. Polonium-210 is used as an anti-static device in printing presses and gained widespread notoriety in 2006 after the poisoning and subsequent death of a Russian citizen in London. More is known about the lethal effects of polonium-210 at high doses than about late effects from low doses. In this paper, cancer mortality was examined among 7,270 workers at the Mound nuclear facility near Dayton, OH where polonium-210 was used (1944-1972) in combination with beryllium as a source of neutrons for triggering nuclear weapons. Other exposures included external gamma radiation and to a lesser extent plutonium-238, tritium and neutrons. Vital status and cause of death was determined through 2009. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed for comparisons with the general population. Lifetime occupational doses from all places of employment were sought and incorporated into the analysis. Over 200,000 urine samples were analyzed to estimate radiation doses to body organs from polonium and other internally deposited radionuclides. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate dose-response relationships for specific organs and tissues. Vital status was determined for 98.7% of the workers of which 3,681 had died compared with 4,073.9 expected (SMR 0.90; 95% CI 0.88-0.93). The mean dose from external radiation was 26.1 mSv (maximum 939.1 mSv) and the mean lung dose from external and internal radiation combined was 100.1 mSv (maximum 17.5 Sv). Among the 4,977 radiation workers, all cancers taken together (SMR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79-0.93), lung cancer (SMR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74-0.98), and other types of cancer were not significantly elevated. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant positive dose-response trend for esophageal cancer [relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval at 100 mSv of 1.54 (1.15-2.07)] and a negative dose-response trend for liver cancer [RR (95% CI) at 100 mSv of 0.55 (0.23-1.32)]. For lung cancer the RR at 100 mSv was 1.00 (95% CI 0.97-1.04) and for all leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) it was 1.04 (95% CI 0.63-1.71). There was no evidence that heart disease was associated with exposures [RR at 100 mSv of 1.06 (0.95-1.18)]. Assuming a relative biological effectiveness factor of either 10 or 20 for polonium and plutonium alpha particle emissions had little effect on the dose-response analyses. Polonium was the largest contributor to lung dose, and a relative risk of 1.04 for lung cancer at 100 mSv could be excluded with 95% confidence. A dose related increase in cancer of the esophagus was consistent with a radiation etiology but based on small numbers. A dose-related decrease in liver cancer suggests the presence of other modifying factors of risk and adds caution to interpretations. The absence of a detectable increase in total cancer deaths and lung cancer in particular associated with occupational exposures to polonium (mean lung dose 159.8 mSv), and to plutonium to a lesser extent (mean lung dose 13.7 mSv), is noteworthy but based on small numbers. Finally, larger combined studies of U.S. workers are needed to clarify radiation risks following prolonged exposures and radionuclide intakes.
Book Synopsis Mortality Among Mound Workers Exposed to Polonium-210 and Other Sources of Radiation, 1944{u2013}1979 by :
Download or read book Mortality Among Mound Workers Exposed to Polonium-210 and Other Sources of Radiation, 1944{u2013}1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polonium-210 is a naturally occurring radioactive element that decays by emitting an alpha particle. It is in the air we breathe and also a component of tobacco smoke. Polonium-210 is used as an anti-static device in printing presses and gained widespread notoriety in 2006 after the poisoning and subsequent death of a Russian citizen in London. More is known about the lethal effects of polonium-210 at high doses than about late effects from low doses. In this paper, cancer mortality was examined among 7,270 workers at the Mound nuclear facility near Dayton, OH where polonium-210 was used (1944–1972) in combination with beryllium as a source of neutrons for triggering nuclear weapons. Other exposures included external gamma radiation and to a lesser extent plutonium-238, tritium and neutrons. Vital status and cause of death was determined through 2009. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed for comparisons with the general population. Lifetime occupational doses from all places of employment were sought and incorporated into the analysis. Over 200,000 urine samples were analyzed to estimate radiation doses to body organs from polonium and other internally deposited radionuclides. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate dose-response relationships for specific organs and tissues. Vital status was determined for 98.7% of the workers of which 3,681 had died compared with 4,073.9 expected (SMR 0.90; 95% CI 0.88–0.93). The mean dose from external radiation was 26.1 mSv (maximum 939.1 mSv) and the mean lung dose from external and internal radiation combined was 100.1 mSv (maximum 17.5 Sv). Among the 4,977 radiation workers, all cancers taken together (SMR 0.86; 95% CI 0.79–0.93), lung cancer (SMR 0.85; 95% CI 0.74–0.98), and other types of cancer were not significantly elevated. Cox regression analysis revealed a significant positive dose-response trend for esophageal cancer [relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval at 100 mSv of 1.54 (1.15–2.07)] and a negative dose-response trend for liver cancer [RR (95% CI) at 100 mSv of 0.55 (0.23–1.32)]. For lung cancer the RR at 100 mSv was 1.00 (95% CI 0.97–1.04) and for all leukemias other than chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) it was 1.04 (95% CI 0.63–1.71). There was no evidence that heart disease was associated with exposures [RR at 100 mSv of 1.06 (0.95–1.18)]. Assuming a relative biological effectiveness factor of either 10 or 20 for polonium and plutonium alpha particle emissions had little effect on the dose-response analyses. Polonium was the largest contributor to lung dose, and a relative risk of 1.04 for lung cancer at 100 mSv could be excluded with 95% confidence. A dose related increase in cancer of the esophagus was consistent with a radiation etiology but based on small numbers. A dose-related decrease in liver cancer suggests the presence of other modifying factors of risk and adds caution to interpretations. The absence of a detectable increase in total cancer deaths and lung cancer in particular associated with occupational exposures to polonium (mean lung dose 159.8 mSv), and to plutonium to a lesser extent (mean lung dose 13.7 mSv), is noteworthy but based on small numbers. Finally, larger combined studies of U.S. workers are needed to clarify radiation risks following prolonged exposures and radionuclide intakes.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :240 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims
Download or read book Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration, Border Security, and Claims and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis World Health Organization Publications Catalogue by : World Health Organization
Download or read book World Health Organization Publications Catalogue written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
