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Collateral Circulation
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Book Synopsis The Cerebral Circulation by : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Book Synopsis Collateral Circulation of the Heart by : Christian Seiler
Download or read book Collateral Circulation of the Heart written by Christian Seiler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sober explanation for this book is a call by the Springer-Verlag, London, to edit a publication on ‘The functional relevance of the collateral circulation’ of the heart. Alternatively, it could be ‘sold’ as the result of my intention to reduce entropy of 18 years of scientific work on the topic of the coronary circulation, which was itself meant to diminish the amount of ‘useless’ energy. Such a process of reducing disarray in a system with the aim of grasping it better is related to simplification, which carries the risk of introducing error. This can be exemplified by the historic view of angina pectoris, which used to be simplified as being always fatal, thus obscuring for nearly two centuries the view of a ‘self-healing’ mechanism such as the collateral circulation of the heart. It would be na? ̈ve, to assume the present work to be free of erroneous oversimplification, because the very nature of scientific work is related to generating (simple) hypotheses with their subsequent falsification. In that context and bluntly, my primary interest in the field of the collateral circulation was not initiated with a vision of eradicating the consequences of coronary artery disease (CAD) by promoting the growth of natural bypasses. The time for such sizeable ideas had passed in the 1970s with the start of the work by Wolfgang Schaper.
Book Synopsis Arteriogenesis by : Wolfgang Schaper
Download or read book Arteriogenesis written by Wolfgang Schaper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-09-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the topic of collateral circulation and its structure and function; its molecular mechanisms during the course of critical arterial stenosis; and how it can be stimulated by physical and growth factors. Animal models are covered in this volume as they reproduce the clinical situation in the laboratory. The book also contains mechanistic explanations of vascular growth that are reflected in numerous charts.
Book Synopsis The Gastrointestinal Circulation by : Peter R. Kvietys
Download or read book The Gastrointestinal Circulation written by Peter R. Kvietys and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography
Book Synopsis Manual of Neurosonology by : László Csiba
Download or read book Manual of Neurosonology written by László Csiba and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurosonology is non-invasive, portable, and has excellent temporal resolution, making it a valuable and increasingly popular tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological conditions when compared to other imaging techniques. This guide looks beyond the use of neurovascular ultrasound in stroke to encompass a wide range of other neurological diseases and emergencies. It offers a practical approach to the examination of patients, interpretation of ultrasound studies, and the application of neurosonology to the development of management and treatment strategies. Each chapter incorporates a thorough and clear procedural methodology alongside scanning tips for trainees; this step-by-step approach is further enhanced by example images and focused diagnostic questions. Authored and edited by international experts, this practical manual of neurosonology is an invaluable resource for neurologists, neurosurgeons, intensivists, radiologists, and ultrasonographers.
Book Synopsis Textbook of Catheter-Based Cardiovascular Interventions by : Peter Lanzer
Download or read book Textbook of Catheter-Based Cardiovascular Interventions written by Peter Lanzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-30 with total page 1887 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a fully updated and revised second edition of a highly successful text in which a new concept of knowledge mining, based on explication and transfer of interventional knowledge of experts, has been implemented. The dedicated training program that is set out will serve the needs of all interventional operators, whether cardiologists, vascular surgeons, vascular specialists, or radiologists, enabling them to achieve a consistent expert level across the entire broad spectrum of catheter-based interventions. Operator skills – and in particular decision-making and strategic skills – are the most critical factors for the outcome of catheter-based cardiovascular interventions. Currently, such skills are commonly developed by the empirical trial and error method only. The explicit teaching, training, and learning approach adopted in this book permits the rapid transfer of interventional knowledge and enables individual operators to negotiate steep learning curves and acquire complex skills in a highly efficient manner. It will thereby offer invaluable assistance in meeting successfully the challenges of modern cardiovascular care.
Book Synopsis Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention by : Deepak L. Bhatt
Download or read book Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention written by Deepak L. Bhatt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-20 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention draws upon experts from diverse fields to provide readers with a comprehensive foundation for understanding and performing endovascular procedures—from the basic steps to the most current and advanced techniques. Individual chapters focus on primary intervention sites, including lower extremity, renal/mesenteric, subclavian/upper extremity, carotid/vertebral, intracranial and venous interventions. Additionally, chapters covering critical limb ischemia and abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms are included. By incorporating valuable clinical information, such as indications, contraindications, complications and discussions of surgical techniques and procedures, this book is a valuable resource for the busy practitioner and will be of interest to all interventional and general cardiologists, radiologists and neurologists; vascular surgeons; internists and residents and fellows.
Book Synopsis Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and the Microcirculation by : Javier Escaned
Download or read book Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and the Microcirculation written by Javier Escaned and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of coronary angiography, a key technique in understanding coronary artery disease, a number of paradigms regarding its study and interpretation have taken place. Following an emphasis on improved angiographic and subsequent intracoronary imaging techniques, functional assessment of coronary circulation has demonstrated to have major implications for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Fractional flow reserve, a pressure derived index of stenosis severity, constitutes the best example of the current importance of physiological assessment in clinical practice. However, the acceptance of FFR by cardiologists contrasts with important voids in knowledge on the basic principles of coronary physiology and of other available techniques that, as an alternative to FFR, allow a more comprehensive assessment of coronary circulation. This is particularly noticeable in the assessment of microcirculation, an unavoidable compartment of coronary circulation that is frequently affected in acute coronary syndromes of in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or non-coronary heart disease. A deeper understanding of the relationship between epicardial vessel and microcirculatory involvement has started with the advent of newer imaging techniques like invasive optical coherence tomography, and non-invasive CT and NMR techniques. This book aims to be an indispensable tool for clinicians and researches in the field of coronary artery disease. It provides a balanced, comprehensive review of anatomy, physiology and available techniques, discusses both the diagnosis of epicardial vessel and microcirculatory disease, the impact of different diseases at different levels of coronary circulation, and the best way to address a separate or combined assessment of different levels of coronary circulation.
Book Synopsis Vascular Biology of the Placenta by : Yuping Wang
Download or read book Vascular Biology of the Placenta written by Yuping Wang and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.
Book Synopsis Collateral Circulation by : Wolfgang Schaper
Download or read book Collateral Circulation written by Wolfgang Schaper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collateral blood vessels develop by growth of pre or newly formed structures in almost all vascular provinces as a consequence of progressing stenosis of the main artery. These alternative routes of blood supply are potentially able to alter the course of vascular disease. Collateral development is a time consuming process, and arterial stenosis and occlusion often progress faster than growth of the alternative routes. The authors' ultimate goal is to provide a better understanding of collateral growth in order to pave the way for improving the conditions for these potentially selfhealing processes. These were programmed by nature but have not been perfected, probably because defenses against arterial disease had not been put under the pressure of natural selection.
Book Synopsis Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment by : J.S. Kim
Download or read book Intracranial Atherosclerosis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment written by J.S. Kim and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracranial atherosclerosis is a leading cause of stroke in Asians and Africans. As these ethnic groups account for more than 70% of the world’s population, it is in fact the major cause of ischemic stroke worldwide. This timely book provides readers with up-to-date knowledge of intracranial atherosclerosis, covering vascular anatomy, pathology, epidemiology, stroke mechanisms and syndromes, diagnostic methods as well as treatment strategies such as antithrombotics, angioplasty/stenting and surgery. Furthermore, nonatherosclerotic intracranial arterial diseases like Moyamoya disease, dissection, vasculitis and other miscellaneous disorders are extensively discussed. Experts from both East and West present the latest findings from cutting-edge research and discuss controversial topics from different yet balanced points of view, allowing readers to form their own unbiased opinion on these issues. With this approach, the book serves as a useful and stimulating guide on the diagnosis and management of intracranial atherosclerosis for neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists and vascular interventionists.
Book Synopsis Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by : Filippo Crea
Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction written by Filippo Crea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades a number of studies have shown that abnormalities in the function and structure of coronary microcirculation can be detected in several cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of the clinical setting in which it occurs, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can be classified into four types: CMD in the absence of any other cardiac disease; CMD in myocardial diseases; CMD in obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease; and iatrogenic CMD. In some instances CMD represents an epiphenomenon, whereas in others it represents an important marker of risk or may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, thus becoming a possible therapeutic target. This book provides an update on coronary physiology and a systematic assessment of microvascular abnormalities in cardiovascular diseases, in the hope that it will assist clinicians in prevention, detection and management of CMD in their everyday activity.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms of Vascular Disease by : Robert Fitridge
Download or read book Mechanisms of Vascular Disease written by Robert Fitridge and published by University of Adelaide Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 589 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New updated edition first published with Cambridge University Press. This new edition includes 29 chapters on topics as diverse as pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, vascular haemodynamics, haemostasis, thrombophilia and post-amputation pain syndromes.
Book Synopsis Intracranial Atherosclerosis by : Jong S. Kim
Download or read book Intracranial Atherosclerosis written by Jong S. Kim and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-01-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracranial atherosclerosis is the dominant cause of stroke inover 70% of the world’s population. Globalization is leadingto an increasingly heterogeneous society everywhere. Advances inimaging techinology allow this previously inaccessible pathology tobe clinically studied. Edited by internationally renowned clinicians, IntracranialAtherosclerosis is the first book to examine intracranialcauses of stroke. Clinical practice is allied with basic science toguide all those with an interest in stroke on the diagnosis andmanagement of intracranial atherosclerosis.
Book Synopsis PanVascular Medicine by : Peter Lanzer
Download or read book PanVascular Medicine written by Peter Lanzer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 5004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular management and care has become a truly multidisciplinary enterprise as the number of specialists involved in the treatment of patients with vascular diseases has steadily increased. While in the past, treatments were delivered by individual specialists, in the twenty-first century a team approach is without doubt the most effective strategy. In order to promote professional excellence in this dynamic and rapidly evolving field, a shared knowledge base and interdisciplinary standards need to be established. Pan Vascular Medicine, 2nd edition has been designed to offer such an interdisciplinary platform, providing vascular specialists with state-of-the art descriptive and procedural knowledge. Basic science, diagnostics, and therapy are all comprehensively covered. In a series of succinct, clearly written chapters, renowned specialists introduce and comment on the current international guidelines and present up-to-date reviews of all aspects of vascular care.
Book Synopsis Cerebral Angiography by : Gianni Boris Bradac
Download or read book Cerebral Angiography written by Gianni Boris Bradac and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-24 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and enlarged edition of Cerebral Angiography, which includes new angiographic studies and illustrative drawings, offers detailed guidance on diagnostic use of the procedure. The first part of the book describes the normal anatomy of the cerebral arteries and veins, with attention to morphological aspect, embryological development, function and vascular territories. The intraorbital and extracranial vascularization is also considered. The reader will gain a sound knowledge of normal vascular anatomy and its variations that will serve as a basis for the correct interpretation of pathological processes and their clinical significance, as covered in the second part of the book. Among the pathologies considered are vascular abnormalities, including angiomas, fistulas and aneurysms; atherosclerotic and non-atherosclerotic stenosis and occlusion of the cerebral vessels; venous thrombosis; intraorbital and extracranial vascular malformations. Pathogenesis, morphological and dynamic aspects, responsible for clinical symptoms and influencing the therapy are described. While the emphasis throughout is on the diagnostic value of cerebral angiography, many examples of endovascular treatment in different pathological situations are also presented, with discussion of indications, risks and results.
