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Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation: The Preliminary Evaluation of the Kinetics of Coal Liquefation Distillation Resid Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study evaluated the use of a novel laboratory-scale batch reactor, designed by the University of Delaware, to study the kinetics of coal liquefaction resid reactivity. The short time batch reactor (STBR) is capable of conducting reactions at temperatures up to 450°C and pressures up to 2500 psi at well-defined reaction times from a few seconds to 30 min or longer. Sixty experiments were conducted with the STBR in this project. The products of the resid/tetralin/hydrogen reaction were separated by solubility, and several analytical procedures were used to evaluate the reaction products, including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Changes were monitored in the boiling ranges of the products, as a function of process conditions (time, temperature, and tetralin donor solvent-to-resid ratio), with and without catalysts. Two distillation resid samples were studied; Sample 1 is the resid of the second stage product stream from Wilsonville Run 259 which used Pittsburgh seam coal (Ireland mine) bituminous coal, and Sample 2 is the resid of the same streak from Wilsonville Run 260 which used Wyodak and Anderson (Black Thunder Mine) subbituminous coal. It was determined that the resid reactivity was different for the two samples studied. The results demonstrate that further development of this experimental method is warranted to empirically assess resid reactivity and to provide data for use in the construction of an empirical model of coal conversion in the direct liquefaction process.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. The Kinetics of Coal Liquefaction Distillation Resid Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under subcontract from CONSOL Inc., the University of Delaware studied the mechanism and kinetics of coal liquefaction resid conversion. The program at Delaware was conducted between August 15, 1994, and April 30, 1997. It consisted of two primary tasks. The first task was to develop an empirical test to measure the reactivity toward hydrocracking of coal-derived distillation resids. The second task was to formulate a computer model to represent the structure of the resids and a kinetic and mechanistic model of resid reactivity based on the structural representations. An introduction and Summary of the project authored by CONSOL and a report of the program findings authored by the University of Delaware researchers are presented here.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eleventh Quarterly Technical Progress Report under DOE Contract DE-AC22-89PC89883. Major topics reported are: (1) The results of a study designed to determine the effects of the conditions employed at the Wilsonville slurry preheater vessel on coal conversion is described. (2) Stable carbon isotope ratios were determined and used to source the carbon of three product samples from Period 49 of UOP bench-scale coprocessing Run 37. The results from this coprocessing run agree with the general trends observed in other coprocessing runs that we have studied. (3) Microautoclave tests and chemical analyses were performed to calibrate'' the reactivity of the standard coal used for determining donor solvent quality of process oils in this contract. (4) Several aspects of Wilsonville Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (CC-ITSL) resid conversion kinetics were investigated; results are presented. Error limits associated with calculations of deactivation rate constants previously reported for Runs 258 and 261 are revised and discussed. A new procedure is described that relates the conversions of 850[degrees]F[sup +], 1050[degrees]F[sup +], and 850 [times] 1050[degrees]F material. Resid conversions and kinetic constants previously reported for Run 260 were incorrect; corrected data and discussion are found in Appendix I of this report.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1--June 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eleventh Quarterly Technical Progress Report under DOE Contract DE-AC22-89PC89883. Major topics reported are: (1) The results of a study designed to determine the effects of the conditions employed at the Wilsonville slurry preheater vessel on coal conversion is described. (2) Stable carbon isotope ratios were determined and used to source the carbon of three product samples from Period 49 of UOP bench-scale coprocessing Run 37. The results from this coprocessing run agree with the general trends observed in other coprocessing runs that we have studied. (3) Microautoclave tests and chemical analyses were performed to ''calibrate'' the reactivity of the standard coal used for determining donor solvent quality of process oils in this contract. (4) Several aspects of Wilsonville Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (CC-ITSL) resid conversion kinetics were investigated; results are presented. Error limits associated with calculations of deactivation rate constants previously reported for Runs 258 and 261 are revised and discussed. A new procedure is described that relates the conversions of 850°F, 1050°F, and 850 x 1050°F material. Resid conversions and kinetic constants previously reported for Run 260 were incorrect; corrected data and discussion are found in Appendix I of this report.
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONSOL characterized 38 process stream samples from HTI Run PB- 04, in which Black Thunder Mine Coal, Hondo vacuum resid, automobile shredder residue (ASR), and virgin plastics were used as liquefaction feedstocks with dispersed catalyst. A paper on kinetic modeling of resid reactivity was presented at the DOE Coal Liquefaction and Solid Fuels Contractors Review Conference, September 3-4, 1997, in Pittsburgh, PA. The paper, "The Reactivity of Direct Coal Liquefaction Resids", is appended (Appendix 1). Three papers on characterization of samples from coal/ resid/ waste plastics co-liquefaction were presented or submitted for presentation at conferences. Because of their similarity, only one of the papers is appended to this report. The paper, "Characterization of Process Samples from Co-Liquefaction of Coal and Waste Polymers", (Appendix 2) was presented at the DOE Coal Liquefaction and Solid Fuels Contractors Review Conference, September 3-4, 1997, in Pittsburgh, PA. The paper, "Characterization of Process Stream Samples From Bench- Scale Co-Liquefaction Runs That Utilized Waste Polymers as Feedstocks" was presented at the 214th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, September 7-11, 1997, in Las Vegas, NV. The paper, "Characterization of Process Oils from Coal/ Waste Co-Liquefaction" was submitted for presentation at the 14th Japan/ U.S. Joint Technical Meeting on Coal Liquefaction and Materials for Coal Liquefaction on October 28, 1997, in Tokyo, Japan. A joint Burns and Roe Services Corp. and CONSOL paper on crude oil assays of product oils from HTI Run PB- 03 was presented at the DOE Coal Liquefaction and Solid Fuels Contractors Review Conference, September 3-4, 1997, in Pittsburgh, PA. The paper, "Characterization of Liquid Products from All- Slurry Mode Liquefaction", is appended (Appendix 3).
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deactivation of the second-stage supported catalyst dominated most of the properties over the course of the run. Consequences of increased catalyst age were increases in aromaticity and phenolic -OH concentration and decreases in hydrogen donor content and paraffinic hydrogen content in most process streams, including product distillates. Donor solvent quality of the whole PFL increased through the early part of the run until Period 8 when it apparently stabilized. The properties of the net product oil and its distillate fractions, as determined by NIPER, show that the coal-derived material has some desirable qualities. The whole crude has a low sulfur content and boils below the maximum temperature allowed for the production of transportation fuels. The naphtha fraction (IBP-380°F) is highly naphthenic and has a low benzene content. The naphtha fraction appears to be amenable to mild hydrotreating to produce a good gasoline blendstock. The kerosene (380--510°F) fraction is much too cyclic for use as aviation fuel and it is recommended that this fraction be distributed into the two cuts on either end of it (diesel and gasoline feedstocks). The 510--680°F fraction met most specifications as a heating fuel and diesel fuel. It appears that this material, after moderate hydroprocessing, could make a good diesel blendstock. Both the FIMS and CP/MAS 13C-NMR methods, currently being used to analyze the suite of twelve samples from HRI Run CC-15, are expected to provide chemical/molecular information to augment and extend the information provided by the base analyses. Preliminary information is encouraging.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1--June 30, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of chemical analyses to direct coal liquefaction process development. Independent analyses by well-established methods are obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, new analytical instruments and techniques to examine coal-derived samples are being evaluated. The data obtained form this study are used to guide process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. A sample bank, established and maintained for use in this project, is available for use by other researchers. The reactivity of the non-distillable resids toward hydrocracking at liquefaction conditions (i.e., resid reactivity) is being examined. From the literature and experimental data, a kinetic model of resid conversion will be constructed. Such a model will provide insights to improve process performance and the economics of direct coal liquefaction.
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Report, April 1--June 30, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Technical Progress Report for the twelfth quarter of activities. Described in this report are the following activities: (1) Thirty-nine samples from four run conditions of HTI Run PB-07 were received. Appropriate samples were characterized by proton NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, vacuum distillation, and solvent quality tests. (2) The University of Delaware completed their subcontract this quarter. A meeting was held on April 30, 1997 at the University to close out the subcontract. (3) Twelve sets of samples were chosen from the CONSOL sample bank for the study of the insoluble and presumed unreactive material from process stream samples. Each set consists of the whole process stream and the 454 C[sup+] (850 F[sup+]) distillation resid derived from that process stream. Processing data for all samples were compiled. The samples represent four Wilsonville pilot plant runs and two HTI runs.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Novel Analytical Techniques for Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using fluorescence and reflectance microscopy techniques for the examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. Resid, as defined here, is the 850°F portion of the process stream, and includes soluble organics, insoluble organics and ash. The technique can be used to determine the degree of hydrogenation and the presence of multiple phases occurring within a resid sample. It can also be used to infer resid reactivity. The technique is rapid, requiring less than one hour for sample preparation and examination, and thus has apparent usefulness for process monitoring. Additionally, the technique can distinguish differences in samples produced under various process conditions. It can, therefore, be considered a potentially useful technique for the process developer. Further development and application of this analytical method as a process development tool is justified based on these results.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1--June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of analytical chemistry to direct coal liquefaction process development. Independent analyses by well-established methods will be obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, analytical instruments and techniques which are currently underutilized for the purpose of examining coal-derived samples will be evaluated. The data obtained from this study will be used to help guide current process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. A sample bank will be established and maintained for use in this project and will be available for use by other researchers. The reactivity of the non-distillable resids toward hydrocracking at liquefaction conditions (i.e., resid reactivity) will be examined. From the literature and data experimentally obtained, a mathematical kinetic model of resid conversion will be constructed. It is anticipated that such a model will provide insights useful for improving process performance and thus the economics of direct coal liquefaction. The paper describes activities carried out this quarter. 11 refs., 21 figs., 17 tabs.
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, 1996--March 31, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of analytical chemistry to direct coal liquefaction process development. This project builds on work performed in DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-89PC89883. Independent analyses by well-established methods are obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, analytical instruments and techniques which are currently under utilized for the purpose of examining coal-derived samples are being evaluated. The data obtained from this study is used to help guide current process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. A sample bank, established and maintained for use in this project, is available for use by other researchers. The reactivity of the non-distillable resids toward hydrocracking at liquefaction conditions (i.e., resid reactivity) is being examined. From the literature and data experimentally obtained, a mathematical kinetic model of resid conversion will be constructed. It is anticipated that such a model will provide insights useful for improving process performance and thus the economics of direct coal liquefaction.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1, Through March 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of analytical chemistry to direct coal liquefaction process development. Independent analyses by well-established methods will be obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, analytical instruments and techniques which are currently underutilized for the purpose of examining coal-derived samples will be evaluated. The data obtained from this study will be used to help guide current process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. A sample bank will be established and maintained for use in this project and will be available for use by other researchers. The reactivity of the non-distillable resids toward hydrocracking at liquefaction conditions (i.e., resid reactivity) will be examined. From the literature and data experimentally obtained, a mathematical kinetic model of resid conversion will be constructed. It is anticipated that such a model will provide insights useful for improving process performance and thus the economics of direct coal liquefaction. Accomplishments for this quarter are described.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study demonstrated the feasibility of using CP/MAS [sup 13]C-NMR spectroscopy for the chemical structural examination of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. A set of twelve carbon skeletal-structure parameters and eight molecular structural descriptors were derived from the NMR data. The technique was used previously to determine these parameters for coal and char, and in the construction of a coal pyrolysis model. The method was applied successfully to the tetrahydrofuran (THF)-soluble portion of eleven 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resids and one 850[degrees]F[sup +] distillation resid which contained ash and insoluble organic material (IOM). The results of this study demonstrate that this analytical method can provide data for construction of a model of direct coal liquefaction. Its further development and use is justified based on these results.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1--September 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Sixteenth Quarterly Technical Progress Report under DOE Contract DE-AC22-89PC89883. Major topics reported are: Fifty-eight process samples from HRI CTSL Bench Unit Run CC-15 (227-75) were analyzed to provide information on process performance. Run CC-15 was operated for 14 periods (days) from October 21 through November 3, 1992 in the thermal/catalytic configuration with Black Thunder Mine (Wyodak and Anderson seams) coal and Shell S-317 Ni/Mo supported extrudate catalyst. The run was made to test performance with and without a dispersed hydrous iron hydroxide catalyst precursor impregnated in the coal. Results are compared with those of previous HRI CTSL bench unit Run CC-1, which was operated in the catalytic/catalytic configuration, also with Shell S-317 catalyst. Several HRI Run CC-15 product distillate fractions prepared by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER) for petroleum inspection tests were further characterized by CONSOL. These characterization data are presented. MicroAutoclave tests and chemical analyses were performed to evaluate the solvent quality of two potential solvents for Alberta Research Council ARC. Eight product samples from catalytic dehydrogenation experiments were characterized for the University of Pittsburgh. A description is presented of the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) method for determination of resid concentration/resid conversion, which was adapted for use in-house from HRI's standard method. A brief summary of the status of the Participants Program is given.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction Process Streams Characterization and Evaluation written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study demonstrated the feasibility of using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) spectroscopy accompanied by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy for the examination of the (THF)-insoluble portion of distillation resid materials derived from direct coal liquefaction. The technique was able to determine the distribution, morphology and elemental composition of dispersed catalyst components in the insoluble portion of the distillation resids. An attempt was made to use transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on these samples; however, detailed compositional information could not be obtained. Further development of STEM and EDX as aids to process development are justified based on these results.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book A Characterization and Evaluation of Coal Liquefaction Process Streams. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1--September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this project are to support the DOE direct coal liquefaction process development program and to improve the useful application of analytical chemistry to direct coal liquefaction process development. Independent analyses by well-established methods will be obtained of samples produced in direct coal liquefaction processes under evaluation by DOE. Additionally, analytical instruments and techniques which are currently underutilized for the purpose of examining coal-derived samples will be evaluated. The data obtained from this study will be used to help guide current process development and to develop an improved data base on coal and coal liquids properties. A sample bank will be established and maintained for use in this project and will be available for use by other researchers. The reactivity of the non-distillable resids toward hydrocracking at liquefaction conditions (i.e., resid reactivity) will be examined. From the literature and data experimentally obtained, a mathematical kinetic model of resid conversion will be constructed. It is anticipated that such a model will provide insights useful for improving process performance and thus the economics of direct coal liquefaction. Some of the contract activities for this quarter are: We completed many of the analyses on the 81 samples received from HTI bench-scale run CMSL-9, in which coal, coal/mixed plastics, and coal/high density polyethylene were fed; Liquid chromatographic separations of the 15 samples in the University of Delaware sample set were completed; and WRI completed CP/MAS 13C-NMR analyses on the Delaware sample set.
