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Coal Energy Conversion Integrated With Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion In Supercritical Water
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Book Synopsis Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water by : John Russell Heberle
Download or read book Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water written by John Russell Heberle and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies aim to allow the continued use of fossil fuels by outputting carbon in a form other than atmospheric CO2. Several types of geologic reservoirs are considered as alternatives; of these, deep saline aquifers have the largest potential storage capacity worldwide. Unfortunately, neat CO2 injected into an aquifer is less dense than the native brine. The resulting buoyancy presents a potential for leakage from the storage formation, and, ultimately, to the atmosphere. This work describes a method for using coal to produce electricity that creates a pre-equilibrated brine/CO2 solution for injection into a saline aquifer. Such solutions are more dense than the original brine, and present no potential for buoyancy-driven leakage. A concept is introduced in which coal is oxidized in high-pressure, high-temperature water drawn from a saline aquifer in a process known as supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Combustion in supercritical water and subsequent aquifer storage of all coal-derived fluid effluent removes the need for CO2 separation and compression steps common in other coal-fired designs with CCS. The properties of supercritical water (T > 647 K, P > 221 bar) are described that make it a suitable combustion medium---in contrast to water at ambient conditions. A conceptual plant is developed that includes systems to manage brine and coal (a solid, complex fuel). The system uses a heat engine for work extraction from hot combustion products, and so may be called a supercritical water oxidation, indirectly-fired combined cycle, or SCWO/IFCC. Next, a thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate the performance of this plant and compare it to other coal-fired designs with CCS. Next, a laboratory-scale combustor, constructed to study flames in supercritical water, is described. This apparatus follows from previous supercritical water reactors that were built to study the destruction of hazardous wastes, but is targeted toward the development of a combustor suitable for use in a power plant. Challenges encountered operating systems that are simultaneously high-pressure and high-temperature are discussed, including the use of several types of metal seals. Autoignition results from initial combustion experiments are presented and compared to previous work.
Book Synopsis Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water by : John Russell Heberle
Download or read book Coal Energy Conversion Integrated with Deep Saline Aquifer Carbon Storage Via Combustion in Supercritical Water written by John Russell Heberle and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technologies aim to allow the continued use of fossil fuels by outputting carbon in a form other than atmospheric CO2. Several types of geologic reservoirs are considered as alternatives; of these, deep saline aquifers have the largest potential storage capacity worldwide. Unfortunately, neat CO2 injected into an aquifer is less dense than the native brine. The resulting buoyancy presents a potential for leakage from the storage formation, and, ultimately, to the atmosphere. This work describes a method for using coal to produce electricity that creates a pre-equilibrated brine/CO2 solution for injection into a saline aquifer. Such solutions are more dense than the original brine, and present no potential for buoyancy-driven leakage. A concept is introduced in which coal is oxidized in high-pressure, high-temperature water drawn from a saline aquifer in a process known as supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). Combustion in supercritical water and subsequent aquifer storage of all coal-derived fluid effluent removes the need for CO2 separation and compression steps common in other coal-fired designs with CCS. The properties of supercritical water (T> 647 K, P> 221 bar) are described that make it a suitable combustion medium--in contrast to water at ambient conditions. A conceptual plant is developed that includes systems to manage brine and coal (a solid, complex fuel). The system uses a heat engine for work extraction from hot combustion products, and so may be called a supercritical water oxidation, indirectly-fired combined cycle, or SCWO/IFCC. Next, a thermodynamic model is developed to evaluate the performance of this plant and compare it to other coal-fired designs with CCS. Next, a laboratory-scale combustor, constructed to study flames in supercritical water, is described. This apparatus follows from previous supercritical water reactors that were built to study the destruction of hazardous wastes, but is targeted toward the development of a combustor suitable for use in a power plant. Challenges encountered operating systems that are simultaneously high-pressure and high-temperature are discussed, including the use of several types of metal seals. Autoignition results from initial combustion experiments are presented and compared to previous work.
Book Synopsis The Hydrogen Economy by : National Academy of Engineering
Download or read book The Hydrogen Economy written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.
Book Synopsis Geological Carbon Storage by : Stéphanie Vialle
Download or read book Geological Carbon Storage written by Stéphanie Vialle and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological Carbon Storage Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity Seals and caprocks are an essential component of subsurface hydrogeological systems, guiding the movement and entrapment of hydrocarbon and other fluids. Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity offers a survey of the wealth of recent scientific work on caprock integrity with a focus on the geological controls of permanent and safe carbon dioxide storage, and the commercial deployment of geological carbon storage. Volume highlights include: Low-permeability rock characterization from the pore scale to the core scale Flow and transport properties of low-permeability rocks Fundamentals of fracture generation, self-healing, and permeability Coupled geochemical, transport and geomechanical processes in caprock Analysis of caprock behavior from natural analogues Geochemical and geophysical monitoring techniques of caprock failure and integrity Potential environmental impacts of carbon dioxide migration on groundwater resources Carbon dioxide leakage mitigation and remediation techniques Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity is an invaluable resource for geoscientists from academic and research institutions with interests in energy and environment-related problems, as well as professionals in the field. Book Review: William R. Green, Patrick Taylor, Sven Treitel, and Moritz Fliedner, (2020), "Reviews," The Leading Edge 39: 214–216 Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock Integrity, edited by Stéphanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and J. William Carey, ISBN 978-1-119-11864-0, 2018, American Geophysical Union and Wiley, 364 p., US$199.95 (print), US$159.99 (eBook). This volume is a part of the AGU/Wiley Geophysical Monograph Series. The editors assembled an international team of earth scientists who present a comprehensive approach to the major problem of placing unwanted and/or hazardous fluids beneath a cap rock seal to be impounded. The compact and informative preface depicts the nature of cap rocks and the problems that may occur over time or with a change in the formation of the cap rock. I have excerpted a quote from the preface that describes the scope of the volume in a concise and thorough matter. “Caprocks can be defined as a rock that prevents the flow of a given fluid at certain temperature, pressure, and chemical conditions. ... A fundamental understanding of these units and of their evolution over time in the context of subsurface carbon storage is still lacking.” This volume describes the scope of current research being conducted on a global scale, with 31 of the 83 authors working outside of the United States. The studies vary but can be generalized as monitoring techniques for cap rock integrity and the consequence of the loss of that integrity. The preface ends by calling out important problems that remain to be answered. These include imaging cap rocks in situ, detecting subsurface leaks before they reach the surface, and remotely examining the state of the cap rock to avert any problems. Chapter 3 describes how newer methods are used to classify shale. These advanced techniques reveal previously unknown microscopic properties that complicate classification. This is an example of the more we know, the more we don't know. A sedimentologic study of the formation of shale (by far the major sedimentary rock and an important rock type) is described in Chapter 4. The authors use diagrammatic examples to illustrate how cap rocks may fail through imperfect seal between the drill and wall rock, capillary action, or a structural defect (fault). Also, the shale pore structures vary in size, and this affects the reservoir. There are descriptions of the pore structure in the Eagle Ford and Marcellus shales and several others. Pore structures are analyzed using state-of-the-art ultra-small-angle X-ray or neutron scattering. They determine that the overall porosity decreases nonlinearly with time. There are examples of cap rock performance under an array of diagnostic laboratory analyses and geologic field examples (e.g., Marcellus Formation). The importance of the sequestration of CO2 and other contaminants highlights the significance of this volume. The previous and following chapters illuminate the life history of the lithologic reservoir seal. I would like to call out Chapter 14 in which the authors illustrate the various mechanisms by which a seal can fail and Chapter 15 in which the authors address the general problems of the effect of CO2 sequestration on the environment. They establish a field test, consisting of a trailer and large tank of fluids with numerous monitoring instruments to replicate the effect of a controlled release of CO2-saturated water into a shallow aquifer. This chapter's extensive list of references will be of interest to petroleum engineers, rock mechanics, and environmentalists. The authors of this volume present a broad view of the underground storage of CO2. Nuclear waste and hydrocarbons are also considered for underground storage. There are laboratory, field, and in situ studies covering nearly all aspects of this problem. I cannot remember a study in which so many different earth science resources were applied to a single problem. The span of subjects varies from traditional geochemical analysis with the standard and latest methods in infrared and X-ray techniques, chemical and petroleum engineering, sedimentary mineralogy, hydrology, and geomechanical studies. This volume is essential to anyone working in this field as it brings several disciplines together to produce a comprehensive study of carbon sequestration. While the volume is well illustrated, there is a lack of color figures. Each chapter should have at least two color figures, or there should be several pages of color figures bound in the center of the volume. Many of the figures would be more meaningful if they had been rendered in color. Also, the acronyms are defined in the individual chapters, but it would be helpful to have a list of acronyms after the extensive index. I recommend this monograph to all earth scientists but especially petroleum engineers, structural geologists, mineralogists, and environmental scientists. Since these chapters cover a broad range of studies, it would be best if the reader has a broad background. — Patrick Taylor Davidsonville, Maryland
Book Synopsis Geologic Carbon Sequestration by : V. Vishal
Download or read book Geologic Carbon Sequestration written by V. Vishal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exclusive compilation written by eminent experts from more than ten countries, outlines the processes and methods for geologic sequestration in different sinks. It discusses and highlights the details of individual storage types, including recent advances in the science and technology of carbon storage. The topic is of immense interest to geoscientists, reservoir engineers, environmentalists and researchers from the scientific and industrial communities working on the methodologies for carbon dioxide storage. Increasing concentrations of anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are often held responsible for the rising temperature of the globe. Geologic sequestration prevents atmospheric release of the waste greenhouse gases by storing them underground for geologically significant periods of time. The book addresses the need for an understanding of carbon reservoir characteristics and behavior. Other book volumes on carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) attempt to cover the entire process of CCUS, but the topic of geologic sequestration is not discussed in detail. This book focuses on the recent trends and up-to-date information on different storage rock types, ranging from deep saline aquifers to coal to basaltic formations.
Book Synopsis Advances in Carbon Capture by : Mohammad Reza Rahimpour
Download or read book Advances in Carbon Capture written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Carbon Capture reviews major implementations of CO2 capture, including absorption, adsorption, permeation and biological techniques. For each approach, key benefits and drawbacks of separation methods and technologies, perspectives on CO2 reuse and conversion, and pathways for future CO2 capture research are explored in depth. The work presents a comprehensive comparison of capture technologies. In addition, the alternatives for CO2 separation from various feeds are investigated based on process economics, flexibility, industrial aspects, purification level and environmental viewpoints. Explores key CO2 separation and compare technologies in terms of provable advantages and limitations Analyzes all critical CO2 capture methods in tandem with related technologies Introduces a panorama of various applications of CO2 capture
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309484529 Total Pages :511 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-04-08 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration by : Berend Smit
Download or read book Introduction to Carbon Capture and Sequestration written by Berend Smit and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the book is to provide an understanding of the current science underpinning Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) and to provide students and interested researchers with sufficient background on the basics of Chemical Engineering, Material Science, and Geology that they can understand the current state of the art of the research in the field of CCS. In addition, the book provides a comprehensive discussion of the impact of CCS on the energy landscape, society, and climate as these topics govern the success of the science being done in this field. The book is aimed at undergraduate students, graduate students, scientists, and professionals who would like to gain a broad multidisciplinary view of the research that is being carried out to solve one of greatest challenges of our generation. Contents:Energy and ElectricityThe Atmosphere and Climate ModelingThe Carbon CycleIntroduction to Carbon CaptureAbsorptionAdsorptionMembranesIntroduction to Geological SequestrationFluids and RocksLarge-Scale Geological Carbon SequestrationLand Use and Geo-EngineeringList of SymbolsCredits Readership: Students taking courses on environmental sciences and research level individuals who are interested in environmental issues related to CCS. Key Features:The first comprehensive textbook on Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS)A comprehensive discussion on the science of CCS and its impact on society and climateA multidisciplinary approach to CCS by the leading US research centers on CCSKeywords:Carbon Capture;Carbon Storage;Carbon Sequestration;Gas Separations
Book Synopsis How to Store CO2 Underground: Insights from early-mover CCS Projects by : Philip Ringrose
Download or read book How to Store CO2 Underground: Insights from early-mover CCS Projects written by Philip Ringrose and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the scientific basis and engineering practice for CO2 storage, covering topics such as storage capacity, trapping mechanisms, CO2 phase behaviour and flow dynamics, engineering and geomechanics of geological storage, injection well design, and geophysical and geochemical monitoring. It also provides numerous examples from the early mover CCS projects, notably Sleipner and Snøhvit offshore Norway, as well as other pioneering CO2 storage projects.
Book Synopsis Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada by :
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Carbon Sequestration Atlas of the United States and Canada contains three main sections: (1) Introduction, (2) National Perspectives, and (3) Regional Perspectives. The Introduction section contains an overview of CCS technologies, a summary of the DOE's efforts in the CCS area, a brief description of the RCSP Program, and information on the National Carbon Sequestration Database and Geographic Information System (NATCARB). The National Perspectives section provides maps showing the number, location, and magnitude of identified CO2 stationary sources in the U.S. and portions of Canada, as well as the areal extent and estimated CO2 storage resource available in geologic formations evaluated within the RCSP Regions. The National Perspectives section also contains a summary of the methodologies and assumptions employed to calculate CO2 emissions and estimated CO2 storage resource of various geologic formations. The Regional perspectives section includes a detailed presentation of CO2 stationary sources, CO2 storage resource assessments, updates on field projects, and information on commercialization opportunities in each RCSP based on these methodologies and assumptions.
Book Synopsis Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by : J Gluyas
Download or read book Geological Storage of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) written by J Gluyas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide, in saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas fields or unminable coal seams, represents one of the most important processes for reducing humankind’s emissions of greenhouse gases. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). Part one provides an overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2. Chapters discuss anthropogenic climate change and the role of CCS, the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2, the monitoring of geological storage of CO2, and the role of pressure in CCS. Chapters in part two move on to explore the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and public engagement in projects, and the legal framework for CCS. Finally, part three focuses on a variety of different projects and includes case studies of offshore CO2 storage at Sleipner natural gas field beneath the North Sea, the CO2CRC Otway Project in Australia, on-shore CO2 storage at the Ketzin pilot site in Germany, and the K12-B CO2 injection project in the Netherlands. Geological storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a comprehensive resource for geoscientists and geotechnical engineers and academics and researches interested in the field. Reviews the techniques and wider implications of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) An overview of the fundamentals of the geological storage of CO2 discussing the modelling of storage capacity, injectivity, migration and trapping of CO2 among other subjects Explores the environmental, social and regulatory aspects of CCS including CO2 leakage from geological storage facilities, risk assessment of CO2 storage complexes and the legal framework for CCS
Download or read book Carbon Capture written by Jennifer Wilcox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book approaches the energy science sub-field carbon capture with an interdisciplinary discussion based upon fundamental chemical concepts ranging from thermodynamics, combustion, kinetics, mass transfer, material properties, and the relationship between the chemistry and process of carbon capture technologies. Energy science itself is a broad field that spans many disciplines -- policy, mathematics, physical chemistry, chemical engineering, geology, materials science and mineralogy -- and the author has selected the material, as well as end-of-chapter problems and policy discussions, that provide the necessary tools to interested students.
Download or read book CCS Guidelines written by Sarah M. Forbes and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) Guidelines effort was initiated to develop a set of preliminary guidelines and recommendations for the deployment of CCS technologies in the United States, to ensure that CCS projects are conducted safely and effectively. The guidelines are written for those who may be involved in decisions on a proposed project: the developers, regulators, financiers, insurers, project operators, and policy makers. These guidelines are intended to guide full-scale demonstration of and build public confidence in CCS technologies by informing how projects should be conducted.
Book Synopsis Energy from the Earth by : Stefan Hirschberg
Download or read book Energy from the Earth written by Stefan Hirschberg and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2014-11-19 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Switzerland's Energy Strategy 2050 requires energy efficiency to be substantially improved, the proportion of fossil fuels in the energy supply to be considerably reduced, and nuclear power to be phased out, while meeting highly ambitious climate protection targets. One of the core implications is the need for a massive increase of the use of renewable sources for electricity generation. In this context, the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (SFOE) estimates that by 2050 deep geothermal energy could contribute 4–5 TWh per year to electricity generation in Switzerland, which would be a substantial contribution to a projected annual power need of 60 TWh. Geothermal energy is attractive because of the very large scale of the resource, its expected relatively low CO2 emissions, and its reliable, all-day domestic availability. However, the future contribution of deep geothermal energy is subject to major uncertainties: How much of this resource can be exploited and at what economic cost? What are the environmental and risk-related externalities that the public must be willing to bear? How does its overall performance compare to competing energy resources? And will the regulatory framework and public acceptance be sufficient to allow geothermal energy to provide a significant contribution? By way of this major interdisciplinary study, already considered a work of reference, TA-SWISS provides answers to these questions in a comprehensive and balanced way, thereby supplying a sound basis for stakeholder decision-making.
Book Synopsis Coal Gasification and Its Applications by : David A. Bell
Download or read book Coal Gasification and Its Applications written by David A. Bell and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2010-12-08 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books
Book Synopsis Prospects for CO2 Capture and Storage by : Dolf Gielen
Download or read book Prospects for CO2 Capture and Storage written by Dolf Gielen and published by OECD. This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels will be used extensively and CO2 emissions will rise over the next half century, if no new policies are put in place. It is clear that such a development is not sustainable. A number of options exist that can reduce the CO2 emissions from the energy system. These include improved energy efficiency and a switch to renewable and nuclear energy. However, policies based on these options will, at best, only partly solve the problem. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies constitute another promising option that can drastically reduce these emissions. To accomplish this, governments need to take action now to ensure that CCS technologies are developed and deployed on a large scale over the next few decades. This publication describes the challenges that must be overcome for a CCS strategy to reach market introduction and achieve its full potential within the next 30-50 years. The quantitative and qualitative analyzes in this book reveal that large-scale uptake of capture and storage technologies is probably 10 years off, and that without a major increase in RD&D investment, the technology will not be in place to realize its full potential in the coming decades. Effective emission reduction incentives will be needed to achieve market deployment from 2015 onward. Additional policies will have to be implemented to remove barriers and reduce uncertainties. If the right action is taken, CCS could become an essential 'transition technology' to a sustainable energy system for the next 50 to 100 years.
Book Synopsis Legal Aspects of Storing CO2 by : Augustin Flory
Download or read book Legal Aspects of Storing CO2 written by Augustin Flory and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
