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Co Composting Of Empty Fruit Bunch Efb With Palm Oil Mill Effluent Pome To Convert Waste Into Value Added Product
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Book Synopsis Co-composting of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to Convert Waste Into Value-added Product by : Haiza Pie
Download or read book Co-composting of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to Convert Waste Into Value-added Product written by Haiza Pie and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products by : Inamuddin
Download or read book Sustainable Bioconversion of Waste to Value Added Products written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-20 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book discusses various processes of feedstocks bioconversion such as bioconversion of food waste, human manure, industrial waste, beverage waste, kitchen waste, organic waste, fruit and vegetable, poultry waste, solid waste, agro-industrial waste, cow dung, steroid, lignocellulosic residue, biomass, natural gas etc. Nowadays, the industrial revolution and urbanization have made human life comfortable. However, this requires excess usage of natural resources starting from food and food products, to energy resources, materials as well as chemicals. The excess use of natural resources for human comfort is expected to high fuel prices, decline natural resources as well as cause a huge hike in the cost of raw materials. These factors are pushing researchers to grow environmentally friendly processes and techniques based on inexpensive and sustainable feedstock to accomplish such worldwide targets. Bioconversion, otherwise called biotransformation, is the change of natural materials, for example, plant or animal waste, into usable items or energy sources by microorganisms. Bioconversion is an environmentally friendly benevolent choice to supplant the well-established chemical procedures utilized these days for the production of chemicals and fuels. A variety of alternatives advancements are being considered and are directly accessible to acquire diverse valuable end-products through bioprocesses. This book discusses in detail the process and techniques of bioconversion by focusing on the organic feedstock of animal and plant origin. It brings solutions to the bioconversion of various feedstock into value-added products.
Book Synopsis Composting of Empty Fruit Bunches by Microbial Inocular by : Chui Yen Yeoh
Download or read book Composting of Empty Fruit Bunches by Microbial Inocular written by Chui Yen Yeoh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increment of palm oil production increases its by-product wastes such as the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). To recycle the wastes,large-scale windrow composting system is established. However, the duration of compost production from two months to one-year is not compatible to the daily output of the palm oil mill wastes. Thus, accelerating of EFB composting by using inoculums, urea and a smaller substrate size were investigated. Parameters such as moisture content, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and turning frequency were used to monitor the composting process of EFB and POME. The carbonnitrogen ratio, UV-vis spectrophotometer test, microorganisms enumeration and germination test were used to assess the maturity of compost. Two pilot scale tests were conducted in an industrial compost plant. The first pilot scale test aims to verify the effectiveness of inoculums and urea addition in 30 tonne of EFB compost piles. Four heaps of EFB with different treatments i.e. addition of 0.03%, 0.3% of commercial inocular, 200 kg urea, and control without any additives were investigated. The result disclosed that the 0.03% of inocular had positively affected the composting performance by decreasing the C/N ratio to 15.04 compared to the control, which had the final C/N of 21.39. The EFB heap with addition of urea also had its C/N decreased to 15.62, thus urea may be a second option for accelerating the composting process. In the second pilot scale trial, four heaps of composts were used. Daily turning was done on a heap containing commercial inocular, a heap added with laboratory inocular consisting 15 types of func ional microbes and the control heap. Another heap with the aboratory inocular was scheduled turning once in every two da ys. This trial revealed that the moisture loss and degradation rate were not significantly different between composts with different turning frequencies. With similar decreasing rate of the C/N ratio and microbes population, the laboratory and commercial inoculars were found similar in assisting composting. Both the inoculars have an enhancing effect on the EFB composting as the C/N of both inoculated composts dropped below 20 at 14 days earlier than control. In the third trial, three composts of 20 kg of EFB each were evaluated for the time efficiency of laboratory inocular in smaller particle size of substrate. Composts with 4 cm and 2 cm particle sizes of EFB were inoculated, and a control with 4 cm fibres was without inocular. The C/N of inoculated composts with 2 cm fibres dropped to 18.31, whereas the control was 20.65. The UV-vis ratio of the 2 cm fibre became constant earlier than the control by at least 3 weeks. Observations on the germination test and microbe enumeration suggested that 2 cm inoculated compost matured earlier, i.e. in 35 days compared to the 4 cm fibre at 49 days and the control not mature even at 60 days. In conclusion, the laboratory inoculars can be useful in speeding up the composting process of EFB, particularly for those with smaller substrate sizes. (499).
Book Synopsis Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) by : Nor Azizah Yacob
Download or read book Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) written by Nor Azizah Yacob and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected science and technology papers that were presented at the 2014 Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). The bi-annual Conference is organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia. The papers address a broad range of topics including architecture, life sciences, robotics, sustainable development, engineering, food science and mathematics. The book serves as a platform for disseminating research findings, as a catalyst to inspire positive innovations in the development of the region. The carefully-reviewed papers in this volume present research by academicians of local, regional and global prominence. Out of more than 200 manuscripts presented at the conference by researchers from local and foreign universities and institutions of higher learning, 64 papers were chosen for inclusion in this publication. The papers are organized in more than a dozen broad categories, spanning the range of scientific research: • Engineering• Robotics• Mathematics & Statistics• Computer & Information Technology• Forestry• Plantation & Agrotechnology• Sports Science & Recreation• Health & Medicine• Biology• Physics• Food Science• Environment Science & Management• Sustainable Development• Architecture The book provides a significant point of reference for academics, researchers and students in many fields who need deeper research.
Book Synopsis Development of Effective Composting Process by Fungal Mixed Culture Using Oil Palm Waste by : Noor Mohammad
Download or read book Development of Effective Composting Process by Fungal Mixed Culture Using Oil Palm Waste written by Noor Mohammad and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil production is a major agricultural industry in Malaysia, in which oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) are considered as major waste products. These waste products create environmental hazards and entail high disposal costs every year. Composting is a biologically based process which is practiced to stabilize the organic matter for soil improvement (producing compost) and to protect the environment from the detrimental effects of these waste materials. The study was carried out for the composting process of EFB and POME using potential filamentous fungi based on their compatibility with optimized process parameters in the tray-type bioreactor. Six filamentous fungal strains/isolates such as Aspergillus niger F44 (A), Trichoderma viride F26 (Tv), Trichoderma reesei RUT C-30 (Tr), Penicillium sp. (P), Basidiomycete M1 (M1) and Panus tigrinus M609RQY (IMI 398363) (M6) were tested to find their mutual growth in the laboratory on potato dextrose agar (PDA) as a growing media. The compatibility study showed that only three combinations of T. viride F26 and Penicillium sp (Tv/P), T. viride F26 and Basidiomycete M1 (Tv/M1), and T. reesei RUT C-30 and P. tigrinus M609RQY (Tr/M6) had compatible interactions among fifteen combinations. Furthermore, A. niger F44 and T. viride F26 (A/Tv), A. niger F44 and T. reesei RUT C-30 (A/Tr), T. viride F26 and T. reesei RUT C-30 (Tv/Tr), and Penicillium sp. and P. tigrinus M609RQY (P/M6) were partially compatible. A batch study was carried out to optimize four process parameters such as particle sizes (1, 2, 3, 5 mm), pH (4 to 7), mix ratio (1:1 to 1:3) of substrates (EFB and POME) and supplementary nutrient (non food cassava starch) in terms of electrical conductivity (EC), protein content, organic matter (OM) and C/N ratio. In the optimization study, particle size of 2 mm EFB was the most suitable for microbial growth (highest protein of 85 g/kg) and faster degradation (lowest C/N ratio of 16) among other sizes. Substrates ratio of 1:3 and pH 5.0 were found to be favorable for the process through faster degradation (C/N ratio is almost 17 at the end of both runs) and microbial growth (highest protein growth of around 130 g/kg). Moreover, non-food cassava (NFC), used as supplementary nutrients for initial microbial growth (0 to 2%, w/w), did not have significant effects on the composting. Finally, an effective composting process was developed for a lab-scale bioreactor based on the optimized study using compatible mixed culture fungal system and compared with the control (without fungal treatment). A higher decrease of organic matter (OM), almost 3% was achieved in fungal treated system (FTS) and that was almost double of the control. The lowest C/N ratio recorded was about 17 and the maximum fungal growth in terms of soluble protein content was 128.82 g/kg. The germination index (GI) reached 116%. Furthermore, the maximum activity of ligninase enzyme found was 25.95 U/g and it was only 13.54 U/g in the control. The highest cellulase activity recorded was 0.975 U/g but it reached 0.335 U/g in the control.
Book Synopsis Feasibility of Anaerobic Co-composting Empty Fruit Bunch with Activated Sludge from Palm Oil Mill Wastes for Soil Conditioner by : Noor Fauziyah Ishak
Download or read book Feasibility of Anaerobic Co-composting Empty Fruit Bunch with Activated Sludge from Palm Oil Mill Wastes for Soil Conditioner written by Noor Fauziyah Ishak and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetic Studies of Composting Using Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by : Ahmad Salahudddin Azhar
Download or read book Kinetic Studies of Composting Using Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) written by Ahmad Salahudddin Azhar and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empty fruit bunches (EFB)is a by-product of palm oil mills. As the word's leading exporter of palm oil products, Malaysia generates a high number of EFB per year. Conventional treatment for EFB requires a large area and the burning of EFB releases a very amount of carbon monoxide. To create a concept of zero waste from palm oil mills, biocomposing of EFB is better for its low cost and likely to generate income. In this study, The process conditions that affect the biocomposting process are determined and the process kinetic in biocomposting of EFB is examined. This study is examines the process kinetics by experimenting with laboratory-scale equipment under controlled biocomposting conditions to show theinterdependencesbetween biological and physical factors during the biocomposting of EFB>
Book Synopsis Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources by : Dieter Deublein
Download or read book Biogas from Waste and Renewable Resources written by Dieter Deublein and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written as a practical introduction to biogas plant design and operation, this book fills a huge gap by presenting a systematic guide to this emerging technology -- information otherwise only available in poorly intelligible reports by US governmental and other official agencies. The author draws on teaching material from a university course as well as a wide variety of industrial biogas projects he has been involved with, thus combining didactical skill with real-life examples. Alongside biological and technical aspects of biogas generation, this timely work also looks at safety and legal aspects as well as environmental considerations.
Book Synopsis Microbial Ecology of Leaves by : John H. Andrews
Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Leaves written by John H. Andrews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaf surface or phyllosphere is a major habitat for microorganisms. Microbes on or within leaves play important roles in plant ecology, and these microbes can be manipulated to enhance plant growth or reduce plant disease. This book presents a number of critical reviews by internationally recognized experts on the microbial ecology of leaves. Topics include methods of assessment of microbial populations on leaf surfaces, leaves as reservoirs of ice nucleation phenomenon, and leaves as microbial habitats in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The book will be of interest to students and scientists in numerous disciplines, including botany, aerobiology, meteorology, ecology, agriculture, and microbiology.
Book Synopsis Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial Residues Utilisation by : Poonam Singh-Nee Nigam
Download or read book Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial Residues Utilisation written by Poonam Singh-Nee Nigam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residues from agriculture and the food industry consist of many and varied wastes, in total accounting for over 250 million tonnes of waste per year in the UK alone. Biotechnological processing of these residues would allow these waste products to be used as a resource, with tremendous potential. An extensive range of valuable and usable products can be recovered from what was previously considered waste: including fuels, feeds and pharmaceutical products. In this way Biotechnology can offer many viable alternatives to the disposal of agricultural waste, producing several new products in the process. This book presents up-to-date information on a biotechnology approach for the utilisation of agro-industrial residues, presenting chapters with detailed information on materials and bioconversion technology to obtain products of economic importance: The production of industrial products using agro-industrial residues as substrates The biotechnological potential of agro-industrial residues for bioprocesses Enzymes degrading agro-industrial residues and their production Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues. Written by experts in Biotechnological processing of Agro-Industrial Residues, this book will provide useful information for academic researchers and industry scientists working in biotechnology, waste management, agriculture and the food industry.
Book Synopsis Waste Management in the Palm Oil Industry by : Phaik Eong Poh
Download or read book Waste Management in the Palm Oil Industry written by Phaik Eong Poh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the technological developments that are currently being researched or implemented in the management of palm oil industrial waste. After introducing the plantation and milling processes, the book focuses on the wastes generated solely from plantation and milling activities, as reducing waste from these two sectors will enhance the overall sustainability of the entire palm oil industry eco-system. It then evaluates the sustainability of current practices and elaborates on technological developments in the two sectors, before critically assessing options to treat wastes generated from the plantation and milling process. To properly contextualise the work, it also includes a section on socio-economical sustainability, as well as an industrial case study. A valuable resource for academics interested in the evolution of sustainable waste management strategies within this industrial context, the book also appeals to practitioners in the field who wish to improve the sustainability of their particular plantation or mill.
Download or read book Palm Oil written by Viduranga Waisundara and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Palm oil production is one of the most developed and noteworthy industries in the world, leading to rapid economic growth in countries where the industry has been established. Currently, palm oil is the world's leader in the vegetable oil industry with a yearly production and consumption of approximately 45.3 million tons, which almost covers 60% of the global trade of vegetable oils in the international market. Along these lines, it is expected that the global demand for palm oil will be doubled by 2020. The book focuses on various aspects of palm oil production, primarily, the environmental aspects, its application as an animal feed, chemical and nutritional properties of the oil, and technical aspects of enhancing the efficacy of production.
Book Synopsis The Appropriate Technology for Accelerated and Controlled Composting Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Oil Mill Effluent by : Azhari Samsu Baharuddin
Download or read book The Appropriate Technology for Accelerated and Controlled Composting Treatment of Empty Fruit Bunch and Palm Oil Mill Effluent written by Azhari Samsu Baharuddin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Valorization of Palm Oil (mill) Residues by : H.W. Elbersen
Download or read book Valorization of Palm Oil (mill) Residues written by H.W. Elbersen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass by : Keat Teong Lee
Download or read book Sustainability of Biofuel Production from Oil Palm Biomass written by Keat Teong Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-30 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates and discusses the main sustainability challenges encountered in the production of biofuel and bio-products from oil palm biomass. It starts off with the emphasis on oil palm production, oil palm products recovery and oil palm wastes utilization. The simultaneous production of these bio-products for sustainable development is discussed. This is followed by the key factors defining the sustainability of biofuel and bio-product production from oil palm biomass. The environmental issues including ecological, life cycle assessment and environmental impact assessment of oil palm plantation, milling and refining for the production of biofuels and bio-products are presented. Socio-economic and thermodynamic analysis of the production processes are also evaluated using various sustainability assessment tools such as exergy. Lastly, methods of improving biofuel production systems for sustainable development are highlighted.
Book Synopsis Composting for Sustainable Agriculture by : Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Download or read book Composting for Sustainable Agriculture written by Dinesh K. Maheshwari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dramatic worldwide increase in agricultural and industrial productivity has created severe environmental problems. Soil and groundwater reservoirs have been polluted with pesticides, xenobiotics and agro-chemicals. The global consensus to reduce inputs of chemical pesticides and agrochemical fertilizers, which are perceived at being hazardous by some consumers, has provided opportunities for the development of novel, benign sustainable crop management strategies. The future of agricultural depends upon our ability to enhance the productivity without damage to their long-term production potential. One of the strategies is the application of effective microbial products beneficial for both farmers and ecosystems. This kind of approach can ensure both ecological and economic sustainability. Soil microbial populations are immersed in framework of interactions, which are known to affect plant fitness and soil quality. For betterment of life of human being, improved quality and variety of products are formed due to versatile action of different group of microorganisms, Microbes are able to degrade solid waste material into compost which is a mixture of decayed organic matter, manure etc. Incomplete microbial degradation of organic waste where the microbial process varies aerobic to anaerobic form is stated as compost, if added to soil improves plant growth and development. The biological activities and microbial metabolism in the soil contribute to alter its mixture and fertility. Incorporation of organic remain in the form of compost is known to influence favourably the physio-chemical and biological properties of soil. The beneficial activities bestowed upon plants by compost utilization are multifaceted, hence most promising alternatives for achieving sustainable agricultural production. An increased awareness on compost has led to their use in agricultural concern. Contents in the present book will comprised various chapters on the role of beneficial bacteria in the composting process. The application is depicted to achieve the attainable productivity besides, in disease management and suppressiveness of organisms of phytopathogenic in nature. Significance of the compost elicits certain responses e.g. soil reclamation, soil fertility, soil health and disease management exhibit due to quality compost amendment in soil. It serves as low cost prospective option for sustainable crop production and protection.
Book Synopsis Biomass and Bioenergy by : Khalid Rehman Hakeem
Download or read book Biomass and Bioenergy written by Khalid Rehman Hakeem and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass obtained from agricultural residues or forest can be used to produce different materials and bioenergy required in a modern society. As compared to other resources available, biomass is one of the most common and widespread resources in the world. Thus, biomass has the potential to provide a renewable energy source, both locally and across large areas of the world. It is estimated that the total investment in the biomass sector between 2008 and 2021 will reach the large sum of $104 billion. Presently bioenergy is the most important renewable energy option and will remain so the near and medium-term future. Previously several countries try to explore the utilization of biomass in bioenergy and composite sector. Biomass has the potential to become the world’s largest and most sustainable energy source and will be very much in demand. Bioenergy is based on resources that can be utilized on a sustainable basis all around the world and can thus serve as an effective option for the provision of energy services. In addition, the benefits accrued go beyond energy provision, creating unique opportunities for regional development. The present book will provide an up-to-date account of non-wood, forest residues, agricultural biomass (natural fibers), and energy crops together with processing, properties, and its applications to ensure biomass utilization and reuse. All aspects of biomass and bioenergy and their properties and applications will be critically re-examined. The book consists of three sections, presenting Non wood and forest products from forestry, arboriculture activities or from wood processing, agricultural biomass (natural fibers) from agricultural harvesting or processing and finally energy crops: high yield crops and grasses grown especially for energy production.
