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Climate Change In Lowland Central America During The Late Deglacial And Early Holocene
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Book Synopsis Climate Change in Lowland Central America During the Late Deglacial and Early Holocene by :
Download or read book Climate Change in Lowland Central America During the Late Deglacial and Early Holocene written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transition from arid glacial to moist early Holocene conditions represented a profound change in northern lowland Neotropical climate. Here we report a detailed record of changes in moisture availability during the latter part of this transition ((almost equal to)11,250 to 7,500 cal yr BP) inferred from sediment cores retrieved in Lake Peten Itza, northern Guatemala. Pollen assemblages demonstrate that a mesic forest had been largely established by (almost equal to)11,250 cal yr BP, but sediment properties indicate that lake level was more than 35 m below modern stage. From 11,250 to 10,350 cal yr BP, during the Preboreal period, lithologic changes in sediments from deep-water cores (>50 m below modern water level) indicate several wet-dry cycles that suggest distinct changes in effective moisture. Four dry events (designated PBE1-4) occurred at 11,200, 10,900, 10,700, and 10,400 cal yr BP and correlate with similar variability observed in the Cariaco Basin titanium record and glacial meltwater pulses into the Gulf of Mexico. After 10,350 cal yr BP, multiple sediment proxies suggest a shift to a more persistently moist early Holocene climate. Comparison of results from Lake Peten Itza with other records from the circum-Caribbean demonstrates a coherent climate response during the entire span of our record. Furthermore, lowland Neotropical climate during the late deglacial and early Holocene period appears to be tightly linked to climate change in the high-latitude North Atlantic. We speculate that the observed changes in lowland Neotropical precipitation were related to the intensity of the annual cycle and associated displacements in the mean latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and Azores-Bermuda high-pressure system. This mechanism operated on millennial-to-submillennial timescales and may have responded to changes in solar radiation, glacial meltwater, North Atlantic sea ice, and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC).
Download or read book Criminal Procedure Law written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics by : David G. Anderson
Download or read book Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics written by David G. Anderson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-28 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle Holocene epoch (8,000 to 3,000 years ago) was a time of dramatic changes in the physical world and in human cultures. Across this span, climatic conditions changed rapidly, with cooling in the high to mid-latitudes and drying in the tropics. In many parts of the world, human groups became more complex, with early horticultural systems replaced by intensive agriculture and small-scale societies being replaced by larger, more hierarchial organizations. Climate Change and Cultural Dynamics explores the cause and effect relationship between climatic change and cultural transformations across the mid-Holocene (c. 4000 B.C.). Explores the role of climatic change on the development of society around the world Chapters detail diverse geographical regions Co-written by noted archaeologists and paleoclimatologists for non-specialists
Book Synopsis Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin by : The BACC II Author Team
Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Book Synopsis The Quaternary in the Tropics by : Klaus Heine
Download or read book The Quaternary in the Tropics written by Klaus Heine and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions by : Francoise Vimeux
Download or read book Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions written by Francoise Vimeux and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-04 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South America is a unique place where a number of past climate archives are ava- able from tropical to high latitude regions. It thus offers a unique opportunity to explore past climate variability along a latitudinal transect from the Equator to Polar regions and to study climate teleconnections. Most climate records from tropical and subtropical South America for the past 20,000 years have been interpreted as local responses to shift in the mean position and intensity of the InterTropical Conv- gence Zone due to tropical and extratropical forcings or to changes in the South American Summer Monsoon. Further South, the role of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds on global climate has been highly investigated with both paleodata and coupled climate models. However the regional response over South America during the last 20,000 years is much more variable from place to place than pre- ously thought. The factors that govern the spatial patterns of variability on millennial scale resolution are still to be understood. The question of past natural rates and ranges of climate conditions over South America is therefore of special relevance in this context since today millions of people live under climates where any changes in monsoon rainfall can lead to catastrophic consequences.
Book Synopsis Preceramic Mesoamerica by : Jon C. Lohse
Download or read book Preceramic Mesoamerica written by Jon C. Lohse and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-30 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preceramic Mesoamerica delivers cutting-edge research on the Mesoamerican Paleoindian and Archaic periods. The chapters address a series of fundamental questions in American archaeology including the peopling of the Americas, human adaptations to late glacial landscapes, the Neolithic transition, and the origins of sedentism and early village life. This volume presents innovative and previously unpublished research on the Paleoindian and Archaic periods and evaluates current models in light of new findings. Examples include breakthroughs in dating Mesoamerica’s earliest sites and their implications for models of hemispheric colonization; the transition to postglacial patterns of settlement and subsistence; divergent pathways to initial sedentism; the possibility of Archaic-period monumentality; changing patterns of interregional exchange and interaction; and debates surrounding the origins of agriculture, ceramics, and full-time village life. The volume provides a new perspective on the Mesoamerican Preceramic for students and scholars in archaeology, anthropology, and history. Readers will come to understand how the Preceramic contributed to the emergence of the cultural traditions that anthropologists recognize as Mesoamerica.
Book Synopsis Historical and Archaeological Perspectives on the Itzas of Petén, Guatemala by : Prudence M. Rice
Download or read book Historical and Archaeological Perspectives on the Itzas of Petén, Guatemala written by Prudence M. Rice and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical and Archaeological Perspectives on the Itzas of Petén, Guatemala is the first exhaustively detailed and thorough account of the Itzas—a Maya group that dominated much of the western lowland area of tropical forest, swamps, and grasslands in Petén, Guatemala. Examining archaeological and historical evidence, Prudence Rice and Don Rice present a theoretical perspective on the Itzas’ origins and an overview of the social, political, linguistic, and environmental history of the area; explain the Spanish view of the Itzas during the Conquest; and explore the material culture of the Itzas as it has been revealed in recent surveys and excavations. The long but fragmented history of the Petén Itzas requires investigation across multiple periods and regions. Chapters in this six-part overview interweave varying data pertaining to this group—archaeological, artifactual, indigenous textual, Spanish historical—from multiple languages and academic fields, such as anthropology, archaeology, linguistics, ecology, and history. Part I introduces the lowland Itzas, northern and southern, with an emphasis on those of the central Petén lakes area. Part II discusses general Itza origins and identities in the Epiclassic period, while part III reviews Spanish perceptions and misconceptions of the Petén Itzas in their Contact-period writings. With these temporal anchors, parts IV and V present the archaeology and artifacts of the Petén Itzas, including pottery, architecture, and arrow points, from varied sites and excavations but primarily focusing on the island capital of Tayza/Nojpetén. Part VI summarizes key data and themes of the preceding chapters for a new understanding of the Petén Itzas. A companion volume to The Kowoj—a similar treatment of the Petén Itzas’ regional neighbors—Historical and Archaeological Perspectives on the Itzas of Petén, Guatemala demonstrates the unique physical, cultural, and social framework that was home to the Petén Itza, along with their backstory in northern Yucatán. Archaeologists, historians, art historians, and geographers who specialize in the Maya and the Postclassic, Contact, and Colonial periods will find this book of particular interest. Contributors: Mark Brenner, Leslie G. Cecil, Charles Andrew Hofling, Nathan J. Meissner, Timothy W. Pugh, Yuko Shiratori
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Archaeology by : William F. Keegan
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Caribbean Archaeology written by William F. Keegan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-21 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together examples of the best research to address the complexity of the Caribbean past.
Book Synopsis Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate Change in Central America by : Guaria María Cárdenes Sandí
Download or read book Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate Change in Central America written by Guaria María Cárdenes Sandí and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paleoecological studies are windows to the past that allow us to comprehend the long-term patterns of species migration, extinction, speciation and their interactions with the environment. Understating the past patterns of spatial and temporal variation of plant species in the tropics and subtropics is a powerful tool to estimate future climate change impacts. Particularly compelling in the Earth's history are the warm periods, or interglacials, and within them the glacial inceptions characterized by rapid climatic changes. This study presents two complementary perspectives of the vegetation changes in Central America during the last interglacial. Paleolake El Valle in Panama provided a perspective of the onset of the last glacial inception in the lowlands of eastern Central America, whereas Lake Chalco presented a history of the end of the last glacial inception in the highlands of Central Mexico. High-resolution pollen and charcoal analyses spanning the end of the last glacial inception, which lasted from c. 91 to 74 ka, showed major vegetation changes in response to paleoclimatic patterns in the highlands of Central Mexico. Coniferous-dominated forests were the prevalent vegetation type except during MIS 5a when broad-leaved, Quercus-dominated, forest replaced coniferous as major components of the vegetation. Furthermore, the coniferous forests exhibited significant changes in their composition, from Pinus-dominated forest to Abies-dominated forests. At the same time, Picea, an extinct taxon in central Mexico today, formed scattered patches of high elevation mountain forests. Fire disturbances played an important role in determining the presence and especially the abundances of the dominant forest taxa such as Pinus, Quercus, Alnus, Picea and Podocarpus, and rare taxa e.g. Liquidambar, Clethra, and Fraxinus. The overlapping of taxa associated with similar habitats and the fire disturbances produced a heterogeneous landscape with diffused boundaries. Based on an analysis of variability of the vegetation four vegetation states were identified in Central Mexico. Every state was related to a specific forest type, and distinctive rates of ecological change and diversity. The transitions between states are periods with the highest variability in the vegetation system, linked to regional changes in temperatures and moisture availability. The transition from interglacial to glacial (MIS 5a/MIS 4) had markedly high variability in pollen assemblages, suggesting a rapid shift between states. In some cases the plant assemblages were broadly recognizable and in others they were without modern analog. Plant assemblages with no modern analog developed in Central Mexico during the last glacial inception. Short-lived no-analog communities were presented at c. 87.5, 87.6 and 75.2 ka and longer lasting no-analog assemblages occurred during the MIS 5b/5a transition from c. 85 to 81 ka., contemporaneously with no-analog assemblages in the Yucatan Peninsula. Fossil pollen, diatom, and charcoal analyses from Paleolake EI Valle, Panama showed continuous vegetation changes related to regional climatic trends. During the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e), and the beginning of the glacial inception (MIS 5d), forests with co-existence of lowland and montane taxa developed in a wet environment. The vegetation during the Last Interglacial comprises an open and seasonal forest that later transitioned into a denser more diverse closed-forest vegetation. The predominance of lowland taxa, low diversity in the plant assemblages and the lowest lake levels marked the MIS 5e/MIS 5d transition. Later, during MIS 5d, colder and wetter conditions promoted the development of closed-forest with relatively high abundances of cold-montane taxa. Natural fires in the EI Valle record were so rare that it did not play a significant role in vegetation changes. Even though lasting changes due to fire were not evident, this fire-sensitive flora did show a correlation between the presence of short-term clusters of fire frequency and decreased richness in the vegetation. Based on the presence of montane taxa, particularly Quercus at the EI Valle record a cooling of c. -I °C relative to modern was inferred for the MIS 5d. From the paleoecological point of view Central Mexico and Central Panama, during the last interglacial, had plant assemblages very sensitive to longterm climate change, however, they are examples of the overall resilience of tropical and subtropical forests. Regardless of rapid climate changes and glacial-interglacial transitions, the areas remained forested with different assortments of vegetation types.
Book Synopsis The Late Quaternary in the Central American Lowlands by : Alexander Correa-Metrio
Download or read book The Late Quaternary in the Central American Lowlands written by Alexander Correa-Metrio and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the response of the tropical lowlands to global climate change in the past could provide important hints regarding the threats these ecosystems are facing today. Sedimentary evidence from Lake Petén-Itzá, Guatemalan lowlands, provides a continuous record of vegetation change during the last 86,000 years. The conjunction of this fossil sequence with modern samples from ~80 lakes located along the Yucatan Peninsula and mountains of Mexico and Guatemala allowed the reconstruction of climatic variables for the same time period. Our results show tight connections between the climate and vegetation of the Peninsula and the temperature fluctuations in the North Atlantic, and prove that environmental conditions in the area were more variable than previously thought. However, our estimated temperature sequence shows that modern predicted rates of regional temperature change have no precedent during the last 86,000 years. This finding in the context of rates of vegetation turnover for the same time period suggests that modern global climate change represents significant challenges and threats for the vegetation and biodiversity of the Central American lowlands.
Download or read book Intact Forests written by Yadvinder Malhi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-23 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polar Environments and Global Change by : Roger G. Barry
Download or read book Polar Environments and Global Change written by Roger G. Barry and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveys atmospheric, oceanic and cryospheric processes, present and past conditions, and changes in polar environments.
Book Synopsis Low Carbon, High Growth by : Augusto de la Torre
Download or read book Low Carbon, High Growth written by Augusto de la Torre and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing consensus in the scientific community that climate change is a real and present threat. Despite the large uncertainty on the timing, magnitude and even the direction of some of the physical and economic effects of this phenomenon, it is widely accepted that the differences are regional and that developing countries as well as lower income populations tend to suffer the most. In this context, it is critical for Latin American countries to develop strategies for adapting to the various impacts of climate change, and for contributing to global efforts aimed at mitigation. Climate Change in Latin America contributes to these efforts by addressing a number of questions related to the causes and consequences of climate change in the case of Latin America. What are the likely impacts of climate change in the region? Which countries and regions will be most affected? What can governments do to tackle the challenges associated with adapting to climate change? What role can Latin America play in the area of climate change mitigation? While the book does not attempt to provide definitive answers to these questions, it contributs new information and analysis that could help to inform the public policy debate on this important issue.
Book Synopsis The Holocene and Anthropocene Environmental History of Mexico by : Nuria Torrescano- Valle
Download or read book The Holocene and Anthropocene Environmental History of Mexico written by Nuria Torrescano- Valle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides essential information on Mexico’s Holocene and Anthropocene climate and vegetation history. Considering the geography of Mexico – which is home to a variety of climatic and environmental conditions, from desert and tropical to high mountain climates – this book focuses on its postglacial paleoecology and paleoclimatology. Further, it analyses human intervention since the middle Holocene as a major agent of environmental change. Offering a valuable tool for understanding past climate change and its relationship with present climate change, the book is a must-read for botanists, ecologists, palaeontologists and graduate students in related fields.
Book Synopsis Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands by :
Download or read book Archaeological Investigations in the Eastern Maya Lowlands written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change by : Mark B. Bush
Download or read book Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change written by Mark B. Bush and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this book is to provide a current overview of the impacts of climate change on tropical forests, to investigate past, present, and future climatic influences on the ecosystems with the highest biodiversity on the planet.Tropical Rainforest Responses to Climatic Change will be the first book to examine how tropical rain forest ecology is altered by climate change, rather than simply seeing how plant communities were altered. Shifting the emphasis onto ecological processes e.g. how diversity is structured by climate and the subsequent impact on tropical forest ecology, provides the reader with a more comprehensive coverage. A major theme of this book that emerges progressively is the interaction between humans, climate and forest ecology. While numerous books have appeared dealing with forest fragmentation and conservation, none have explicitly explored the long term occupation of tropical systems, the influence of fire and the future climatic effects of deforestation, coupled with anthropogenic emissions. Incorporating modelling of past and future systems paves the way for a discussion of conservation from a climatic perspective, rather than the usual plea to stop logging.
