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Clear Skies And The Clean Air Act
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Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :148 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Clear Skies Initiative by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality
Download or read book The Clear Skies Initiative written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :456 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Clear Skies Act of 2003 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety
Download or read book Clear Skies Act of 2003 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clear Skies and the Clean Air Act by :
Download or read book Clear Skies and the Clean Air Act written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 109th Congress, like the two before it, is expected to consider proposals to control emissions of multiple pollutants from electric power plants. The bills include an Administration-based proposal, the Clear Skies Act (S. 131), which would control emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury, and other bills that would control the three pollutants plus the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Much of the debate surrounding the Administration's Clear Skies proposal has focused on its cap-and-trade implementation scheme. But in some ways, the proposal's cap-and-trade provisions are its least significant aspects in terms of the proposal's interaction with the structure of the Clean Air Act. EPA has already promulgated regulations using a regional cap-and-trade program to control NOx emissions over the eastern United States (the "NOx SIP Call") under existing Clean Air Act authority, and has proposed other cap-and-trade regulations to achieve Clear Skies' level of reductions over 28 eastern states and the District of Columbia for both SO2 and NOx (in the Clean Air Interstate Rule). In addition, EPA has proposed capand-trade regulations to achieve mercury reductions similar to those in Clear Skies, although the legality of these regulations is more questionable. Critical to the fabric of the Clean Air Act are the various provisions in Clear Skies to alter or to delete existing sections of the Act with respect to both electric generating units (EGUs) and industrial sources that choose to opt into the program. The Administration has made it clear that with Clear Skies' comprehensive approach to EGUs and opt-ins, it believes certain CAA provisions need no longer apply to them, in some cases permanently, in others for as long as 20 years or under certain conditions. These include most statutory requirements for Prevention of Significant Deterioration and attainment of National Ambient Air Quality Standards under Title I of the Act, as well as most controls on hazardous air pollutants as they apply to EGUs and opt-ins. These changes would diminish the suite of options states currently have to achieve compliance with air quality standards. In July 2001 testimony, then-EPA Administrator Whitman identified the central issue in Clear Skies' interaction with current law: Are the emission reduction targets stringent enough to permit the relaxing or removal of current provisions of the Clean Air Act designed to achieve the same thing with respect to electric utilities? EPA's analysis indicates that Clear Skies will not achieve either the 8-hour ozone or the fine particulate ambient air quality standards that the agency recently implemented within current CAA compliance deadlines. Some nonattainment areas will need additional controls and time to reach attainment. Clear Skies addresses these issues in part by providing 5 to 15 years of additional time, while effectively removing additional electric utility control from the suite of options available to states to achieve the standards. Similarly, with mercury, Clear Skies proposes relatively modest controls on electric utilities, and, as currently drafted, would effectively remove additional electric utility controls from the suite of options available to the states. The ability of industrial sources to opt into Clear Skies could further reduce state control options for both mercury and criteria pollutants. This report will not be updated.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Administration's Clear Skies Initiative by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality
Download or read book The Administration's Clear Skies Initiative written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :324 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis S. 131 by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works
Download or read book S. 131 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clean Air Handbook by : Hunton & Williams
Download or read book Clean Air Handbook written by Hunton & Williams and published by Bernan Press. This book was released on 2014-12-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised to include several recent and important Clean Air Act developments, including the Clear Skies Initiative, this completely updated Handbook provides you with a broad overview of all the complex regulatory requirements of the Act and its amendments. In addition to offering an introduction to the history and structure of the Clean Air Act, the most complex piece of environmental legislation ever enacted, the Handbook examines the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) efforts to implement the Act. Those efforts include EPA's initiatives to impose emission reduction requirements through new air quality standards adopted in 1997 and made more stringent in 2006 and EPA's rules and guidance implementing the Title I nonattainment program and ongoing federal efforts to address interstate pollution issues. The Handbook also includes summaries of EPA's rules for state-administered Title V operating permit programs and the key rules promulgated by EPA to implement the Title IV acid rain program.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (16 download)
Book Synopsis The Clear Skies Initiative by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality
Download or read book The Clear Skies Initiative written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :112 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Accomplishments of the Clean Air Act, as Amended by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality
Download or read book Accomplishments of the Clean Air Act, as Amended by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis S. 131 : the Clear Skies Act of 2005 : hearing by :
Download or read book S. 131 : the Clear Skies Act of 2005 : hearing written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Clear Skies Initiative: A Multipollutant Approach To The Clean Air Act, Serial No. 108-65, July 8, 2003, * by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce
Download or read book The Clear Skies Initiative: A Multipollutant Approach To The Clean Air Act, Serial No. 108-65, July 8, 2003, * written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce and published by . This book was released on 2004* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety Publisher :Amicus ISBN 13 : Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Implementation of the New Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter and Ozone by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety
Download or read book Implementation of the New Air Quality Standards for Particulate Matter and Ozone written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety and published by Amicus. This book was released on 2005 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amicus Readers at level 1 include: a picture glossary, a table of contents, index, websites, and literacy notes located in the back of each book. Additionally, content words are introduced within the text supported by a variety of photo labels. In particular, this title describes different ways that birthdays are celebrated. Includes simple craft.
Download or read book Clean Air Act written by James P. Lipton and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new book presents a summary of the Clean Air Act and its major requirements, current issues concerning the Act and the Plain English version of the Act's interpretation. A comprehensive index rounds out this important reference to a major law dealing with an area of vital interest to mankind.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :78 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Clean Air Act implementation by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality
Download or read book Clean Air Act implementation written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Air Quality and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Subcommittee on Public Health Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :104 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Staying Healthy by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Subcommittee on Public Health
Download or read book Staying Healthy written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions. Subcommittee on Public Health and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies by : James E. McCarthy
Download or read book Costs and Benefits of Clear Skies written by James E. McCarthy and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The electric utility industry is a major source of air pollution, particularly sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and mercury (Hg), as well as suspected greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2). On October 27, 2005, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released a long-awaited analysis comparing the costs and benefits of alternative approaches to controlling this pollution. The alternative schemes focus on using market-oriented mechanisms directed at multiple pollutants to achieve health and environmental goals. The new analysis compares four versions of the Administration-based "Clear Skies" proposal to bills introduced by Senator Jeffords (S. 150) and Senator Carper (S. 843 of the 108th Congress), which would impose more stringent requirements. This report examines EPA's analysis and adjusts some of its assumptions to reflect current regulations. The most important adjustment is the choice of baseline. The agency's analysis assumes as a baseline that, in the absence of new federal legislation, EPA and the states will take no additional action to control SO2, NOx, Hg, or CO2 emissions beyond those actions finalized by mid-2004. This baseline is put forth despite three rules recently promulgated by EPA that limit SO2, NOx, and Hg emissions on a timeframe similar to that proposed by the Clear Skies legislation. CRS reexamines EPA's data, producing cost and benefit estimates for each bill incremental to the costs and benefits of current law and promulgated regulations. The reanalysis finds that Clear Skies would have negligible incremental costs and added benefits of $6 billion in 2010 and $3 billion in 2020. For the same years, S. 843 would have annual net benefits 8 and 5 times as great as Clear Skies at annual costs of $4.2 billion and $3 billion, and S. 150 would have annual net benefits 10 and 16 times those of Clear Skies at annual costs of $23.6 billion and $18.1 billion. EPA conducted limited sensitivity analyses to examine the effect on cost of select combinations of assumptions, including (1) the responsiveness of electricity demand to changes in price; (2) the availability of skilled labor to install control equipment; and (3) the growth of electricity demand and natural gas prices. However, some potentially useful combinations of assumptions were not examined. For example, if EPA had combined a relaxed skilled labor constraint with some responsiveness of electricity demand to changes in price, the cost of S. 150 and S. 843 would be substantially reduced. CRS also concluded that the Hg control costs used in the analysis may be substantially overstated because of dated assumptions. Numerous benefits were not estimated by EPA, partly because of methodological difficulties. Benefits not estimated include the environmental (as opposed to health) benefits of controlling the pollutants; the health effects of mercury control; and any benefits from controlling CO2 emissions. Thus, even though benefits exceeded costs for each of the options in both EPA's and our analysis, one should perhaps view the benefit estimates as a floor rather than a best estimate, particularly for S. 150 and S. 843, which include significant Hg and CO2 reductions."--Page 1.
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :256 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Need for Multi-emissions Legislation by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety
Download or read book The Need for Multi-emissions Legislation written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Clean Air, Climate Change, and Nuclear Safety and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clean Air Act by : United States. Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Clean Air Act written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: