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Classification And Description Of Old Growth Hemlock Communities In The Cataloochee Watershed Of The Great Smoky Mountains National Park
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Book Synopsis Classification and Description of Old-growth Hemlock Communities in the Cataloochee Watershed of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Aaron R. Cooper
Download or read book Classification and Description of Old-growth Hemlock Communities in the Cataloochee Watershed of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Aaron R. Cooper and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Changes in Old Growth Hemlock Forests of the Cataloochee Watershed in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Larissa G. Knebel
Download or read book Changes in Old Growth Hemlock Forests of the Cataloochee Watershed in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Larissa G. Knebel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Classification and Species Composition Changes of Eastern Hemlock Standards in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Mark N. Webb
Download or read book Classification and Species Composition Changes of Eastern Hemlock Standards in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Mark N. Webb and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hemlock Trees written by Bill Lea and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Insect Fauna Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis (L.), in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by :
Download or read book Insect Fauna Associated with Eastern Hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis (L.), in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern hemlock, Tsuga Canadensis (L.), is an integral part of the forest system in eastern North America. These trees contribute to the biological diversity, environmental health, and economic stability of the regions that they inhabit by producing unique microclimates, cool shady recreational areas, and unmatched beauty. Information regarding the insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock is sparse and scattered with in the literature. Because of this, the insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock was assessed at four sites, representing new and old growth, and nine alternate sites in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSM). Sites were sampled using malaise traps, pitfall traps, beat sheeting, and direct collection. Species diversity was assessed using the Shannon-Weiner diversity indices and species richness estimates were made using the program estimateS. The rich insect fauna of the eastern hemlocks in the GSM yielded 2,516 specimens representing 280 species in 87 families and eight orders. Species richness and abundance was highest and at site 3 (Chimney tops old growth) with 801 specimens and 113 species. Species richness estimators determined that species richness associated with eastern hemlock is between 420 and 550 species. Pests of eastern hemlock including the hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria (Guenẽe), were collected, as well as nine species that are predators of the exotic pest hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsuga (Annand). Data collected in this study offer a listing of insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock in the GSM. These results will assist in the development and management of forest containing and dominated by eastern hemlock. In addition, due to the threat of hemlock woolly adelgid, information collected in this study provides a baseline of the insect fauna associated with eastern hemlock prior to disturbances altering species composition.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Tsuga Canadensis Forest Communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA by : Kurt J. Krapfl
Download or read book Impacts of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Tsuga Canadensis Forest Communities in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA written by Kurt J. Krapfl and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. (eastern hemlock), a long lived and shade tolerant coniferous tree species native to eastern North America, is currently threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid ( Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA). This exotic, invasive insect poses a serious threat to T. canadensis stands throughout their native range. The loss of this unique tree species is often coupled with numerous ecological consequences. HWA-induced mortality has exceeded 95% in some forest types, and will likely continue to decimate T. canadensis populations in the coming years. Shortly after HWA was found in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), long-term monitoring plots were established across a gradient of T. canadensis associated forest communities to monitor HWA impacts and stand decline. Our objectives were to (1) determine how T. canadensis populations have changed in conjunction with HWA infestation, and (2) document how HWA has affected vegetative community dynamics following five to six years of infestation in GSMNP.
Book Synopsis Comparisons of Arthropod and Avian Communities in Insecticide-treated and Untreated Hemlock Stands in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Josephine Fields Falcone
Download or read book Comparisons of Arthropod and Avian Communities in Insecticide-treated and Untreated Hemlock Stands in Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Josephine Fields Falcone and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Preparing for the Onset of Hemlock Mortality in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by :
Download or read book Preparing for the Onset of Hemlock Mortality in Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsuga) is spreading across forests in eastern North America, causing the decline and mortality of the eastern hemlock and the Carolina hemlock. Investigation into the impact of hemlock mortality on ecosystem processes has only recently begun and is not yet fully understood. The loss of hemlock from riparian forests in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP) could reasonably be expected to result in significant alterations to stream environments. The goal of this study was to assess the influence of riparian hemlock stands on stream conditions and estimate possible impacts from hemlock loss in GSMNP. I paired hardwood-and hemlock-dominated streams that were similar in topography, geology, land use, and disturbance history using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis and statistical techniques. I then monitored each stream pair for water temperature, nitrate concentrations, pH, and discharge over eleven months. I found that differences between hemlock- and hardwood-dominated streams could not be explained by dominant forest type alone; the presence of hemlock or hardwood riparian forest does not appear to exert a consistently dominant signal on measured conditions of headwater streams in GSMNP. The variability in the results suggests that other landscape variables, such as the influence of understory Rhododendron species, may exert more control on stream conditions than differences between hemlock and hardwood canopies. For example, Rhododendron was found to reduce light levels reaching the forest floor and streambeds in both hemlock- and hardwood- dominated forest stands. Evidence from recent peer-reviewed literature suggests that short-term stream condition impacts from forest disturbances can be severe. However, research also indicates that conditions can return to pre-disturbance levels within five to ten years. In GSMNP, the return to long-term stability of stream conditions after hemlock mortality will depend on the type of replacement species and how quickly the replacement species can establish in disturbed sites. There is evidence that deciduous hardwood species are most likely to replace hemlock. The results of this study suggest that hemlock and hardwood stream conditions are similar in GSMNP. Therefore, if hardwood species are able to replace hemlock in GSMNP and streams are able to recover from short term impacts, the long term impacts from hemlock mortality on stream conditions will be minimal. However, the presence of Rhododendron in riparian hemlock forests in GSMNP may prevent hardwood species from effectively replacing hemlock, which could hinder the return to long-term stability.
Book Synopsis Associations of Tree Species and Environment Along Hiking Trails Within the Hemlock-silverbell Forest Type in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : E. Katy Bugle
Download or read book Associations of Tree Species and Environment Along Hiking Trails Within the Hemlock-silverbell Forest Type in Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by E. Katy Bugle and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hemlock-silverbell (Tsuga canadensis-Halesia tetraptera) forest type is known to exist in only two places: the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) and the Joyce Kilmer National Memorial Forest. The hemlock component of this forest type is currently threatened by the hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelgis tsugae), an invasive aphid-like insect native to Japan. This current status has given rise to the need to investigate the ecological resources of this rare forest type before the hemlock component dies out. The objectives of this study were to determine the nature of the plant/environment and plant/plant associations within this forest type. Within this forest type, hemlock was negatively related to protection, aspect, and slope steepness and silverbell was positively related to aspect and slope steepness. This study also identified some interspecific associations such as the negative relationship in the understory between hemlock and striped maple, and provided evidence that understory stems are exhibiting a growth response to hemlock decline in these stands.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Abdul Hakeem
Download or read book Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Abdul Hakeem and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) is threatened by hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). To manage this invasive pest in GRSM, ca. 550,000 Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji and McClure) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and 7,857 Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) have been released. Limited information is available on their establishment in GRSM. To fill this gap, a study was initiated to assess establishment of these predators and their impact on hemlock health. To determine factors affecting establishment of these predators, 65 release sites were sampled from 2008 to 2012. Several factors were evaluated for their association with establishment and recovery of S. tsugae. Predatory beetle release information, topographic features, and temperature data were obtained from GRSM personnel. These factors were evaluated using stepwise logistic regression and Pearson correlation. High resolution digital imagery was used in conjunction with field-conducted tree-health surveys to test association between S. tsugae and tree health. S. tsugae were recovered from 13 of 65 sites (20%); recovery was significantly associated with older release sites which indicates that S. tsugae may require more time to reach readily detectable levels. Regression analysis indicated that establishment was positively associated with the average maximum temperature seven days following release and elevation. Several significant correlations were found between presence of S. tsugae, and year of release, season of release, and temperature variables. These results indicate that S. tsugae should be monitored for establishment for at least five years following releases to enhance knowledge of establishment. Coexistence of three predatory beetles, S. tsugae, L. nigrinus and L. rubidus, was observed on the same hemlock trees. Significant differences between normalized difference vegetation index values and S. tsugae presence was observed. For understory and overstory hemlock, percent crown transparency, percent live crown, and percent branch dieback was also significant with presence of S. tsugae. Coexistence of S. tsugae and L. nigrinus on eastern hemlock may provide prolonged feeding on HWA. Predictive models would assist land managers in selecting appropriate times and sites for future releases. Application of digital imagery could be used to evaluate other natural enemies in forest landscapes.
Book Synopsis Cataloochee and the Establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Peter Shelburne Givens
Download or read book Cataloochee and the Establishment of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Peter Shelburne Givens and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Impact of Eastern Hemlock Decline on Louisiana Waterthrush Demographics and Behavior in Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Lee Cotten Bryant
Download or read book Evaluating the Impact of Eastern Hemlock Decline on Louisiana Waterthrush Demographics and Behavior in Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Lee Cotten Bryant and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comparative Vegetational Analysis of Cove Hardwood Communities in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park by : Gary Lee Walker
Download or read book A Comparative Vegetational Analysis of Cove Hardwood Communities in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Gary Lee Walker and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Old Growth in the East by : Mary D. Davis
Download or read book Old Growth in the East written by Mary D. Davis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Land Snails of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Southern Appalachians by : Daniel C. Dourson
Download or read book Land Snails of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and Southern Appalachians written by Daniel C. Dourson and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive field guide to the land snails of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park and the Southern Appalachians covering an area from Mount Rogers in VA to Chilhowee Mountain TN along the boundary of TN and NC. Around 200 species accounts included as well as natural history information and locality info.
Book Synopsis Western North Carolina by : John Preston Arthur
Download or read book Western North Carolina written by John Preston Arthur and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Canada's Report on the Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests by : Canadian Forest Service
Download or read book Canada's Report on the Montréal Process Criteria and Indicators for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Temperate and Boreal Forests written by Canadian Forest Service and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Montreal Process was formed to advance the development of internationally agreed-upon criteria & indicators for sustainable forest management. The Canadian commitment to this process is demonstrated by the development of a domestic set of seven criteria & indicators, six of this relate to forest conditions, attributes, functions, or benefits. The seventh relates to the overall policy framework that can facilitate sustainable forest management and support efforts to conserve, maintain, or enhance the conditions, attributes, and benefits captured in the first six criteria. This report begins with an introduction describing forest ecosystems and forest management in Canada, explaining the area of forest covered by the report, and indentifying Canada-specific forest management characteristics to help place the criteria & indicators framework in context. The main section contains reports on the criteria, each with an introduction and reports on the corresponding indicators (what is being measured, indicator data or factual description, information sources). The final section contains a summary of all the criteria as well as an overview of Canada's ability to report on them and plans to enhance reporting capability in the future. Includes glossary.
