Ciencia Metaetica E Linguagem Perspectivas Wittgensteinianas

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Ciência, metaética e linguagem

Author : Léo Peruzzo Júnior
Publisher : Editora CRV
ISBN 13 : 6525165350
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (251 download)

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Book Synopsis Ciência, metaética e linguagem by : Léo Peruzzo Júnior

Download or read book Ciência, metaética e linguagem written by Léo Peruzzo Júnior and published by Editora CRV. This book was released on 2024-07-30 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: O Tractatus, um conjunto de notas, muitas das quais sem qualquer relação com aquilo que o antecede ou com aquilo que é sua sequência, parece cercar o mundo e a linguagem de modo que restam apenas a sua identidade formal representada pelo simbolismo. Assim, a imagem lógica poderia representar pictorialmente o mundo, uma vez que, ao representar a realidade, ela representaria uma possibilidade de existência ou inexistência de estados de coisas. É justamente sobre essa posição que Wittgenstein afirmará: "A imagem representa uma situação possível no espaço lógico" (TLP, §37). De todo modo, o que está em jogo na filosofia de Wittgenstein não é apenas a dissolução de certas armadilhas gramaticais, mas a composição de um trabalho filosófico calcado sobre aquilo que mais profundamente nos desafia – a vida – esse estado de dar-se conta de que o mundo existe, de que o eu existe e de que posso ensinar a mosca a sair de certas armadilhas. Wittgenstein, portanto, estava interessado não apenas em resolver problemas filosóficos, mas em entender como a linguagem e o pensamento se relacionam com a nossa experiência cotidiana. Ao reconhecer isso, talvez, o filósofo aprenda que pensar é essencialmente dominar uma técnica, ou melhor, que "a filosofia é um combate ao encantamento do intelecto pelos meios da nossa linguagem" (IF, §109).

The Fate of Knowledge

Author : Helen E. Longino
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691187010
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fate of Knowledge by : Helen E. Longino

Download or read book The Fate of Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Helen Longino seeks to break the current deadlock in the ongoing wars between philosophers of science and sociologists of science--academic battles founded on disagreement about the role of social forces in constructing scientific knowledge. While many philosophers of science downplay social forces, claiming that scientific knowledge is best considered as a product of cognitive processes, sociologists tend to argue that numerous noncognitive factors influence what scientists learn, how they package it, and how readily it is accepted. Underlying this disagreement, however, is a common assumption that social forces are a source of bias and irrationality. Longino challenges this assumption, arguing that social interaction actually assists us in securing firm, rationally based knowledge. This important insight allows her to develop a durable and novel account of scientific knowledge that integrates the social and cognitive. Longino begins with a detailed discussion of a wide range of contemporary thinkers who write on scientific knowledge, clarifying the philosophical points at issue. She then critically analyzes the dichotomous understanding of the rational and the social that characterizes both sides of the science studies stalemate and the social account that she sees as necessary for an epistemology of science that includes the full spectrum of cognitive processes. Throughout, her account is responsive both to the normative uses of the term knowledge and to the social conditions in which scientific knowledge is produced. Building on ideas first advanced in her influential book Science as Social Knowledge, Longino brings her account into dialogue with current work in social epistemology and science studies and shows how her critical social approach can help solve a variety of stubborn problems. While the book focuses on epistemological concerns related to the sociality of inquiry, Longino also takes up its implications for scientific pluralism. The social approach, she concludes, best allows us to retain a meaningful concept of knowledge in the face of theoretical plurality and uncertainty.

Climate Technology, Gender, and Justice

Author : Tina Sikka
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303001147X
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Climate Technology, Gender, and Justice by : Tina Sikka

Download or read book Climate Technology, Gender, and Justice written by Tina Sikka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to undertake a gendered analysis of geoengineering and alternative energy sources. Are either of these technologies sufficiently attendant to gender issues? Do they incorporate feminist values as articulated by the renowned social philosopher Helen Longino, such as empirical adequacy, novelty, heterogeneity, complexity and applicability to human needs? The overarching argument in this book contends that, while mitigation strategies like solar and wind energy go much further to meet feminist objectives and virtues, geoengineering is not consistent with the values of justice as articulated in Longino's feminist approach to science. This book provides a novel, feminist argument in support of pursuing alternative energy in the place of geoengineering. It provides an invaluable contribution for academics and students working in the areas of gender, science and climate change as well as policy makers interested in innovative ways of taking up climate change mitigation and gender.

Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered

Author : Stephanie Ruphy
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 082298153X
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered by : Stephanie Ruphy

Download or read book Scientific Pluralism Reconsidered written by Stephanie Ruphy and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2016-12-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can we expect our scientific theories to make up a unified structure, or do they form a kind of "patchwork" whose pieces remain independent from each other? Does the proliferation of sometimes-incompatible representations of the same phenomenon compromise the ability of science to deliver reliable knowledge? Is there a single correct way to classify things that science should try to discover, or is taxonomic pluralism here to stay? These questions are at the heart of philosophical debate on the unity or plurality of science, one of the most central issues in philosophy of science today. This book offers a critical overview and a new structure of this debate. It focuses on the methodological, epistemic, and metaphysical commitments of various philosophical attitudes surrounding monism and pluralism, and offers novel perspectives and pluralist theses on scientific methods and objects, reductionism, plurality of representations, natural kinds, and scientific classifications.

The Instrument of Science

Author : Darrell P. Rowbottom
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429666292
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis The Instrument of Science by : Darrell P. Rowbottom

Download or read book The Instrument of Science written by Darrell P. Rowbottom and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roughly, instrumentalism is the view that science is primarily, and should primarily be, an instrument for furthering our practical ends. It has fallen out of favour because historically influential variants of the view, such as logical positivism, suffered from serious defects. In this book, however, Darrell P. Rowbottom develops a new form of instrumentalism, which is more sophisticated and resilient than its predecessors. This position—‘cognitive instrumentalism’—involves three core theses. First, science makes theoretical progress primarily when it furnishes us with more predictive power or understanding concerning observable things. Second, scientific discourse concerning unobservable things should only be taken literally in so far as it involves observable properties or analogies with observable things. Third, scientific claims about unobservable things are probably neither approximately true nor liable to change in such a way as to increase in truthlikeness. There are examples from science throughout the book, and Rowbottom demonstrates at length how cognitive instrumentalism fits with the development of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century chemistry and physics, and especially atomic theory. Drawing upon this history, Rowbottom also argues that there is a kind of understanding, empirical understanding, which we can achieve without having true, or even approximately true, representations of unobservable things. In closing the book, he sets forth his view on how the distinction between the observable and unobservable may be drawn, and compares cognitive instrumentalism with key contemporary alternatives such as structural realism, constructive empiricism, and semirealism. Overall, this book offers a strong defence of instrumentalism that will be of interest to scholars and students working on the debate about realism in philosophy of science.

Geographies of Mobility

Author : Mei-Po Kwan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351969803
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

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Book Synopsis Geographies of Mobility by : Mei-Po Kwan

Download or read book Geographies of Mobility written by Mei-Po Kwan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to bring together different philosophical, theoretical, and methodological approaches to the study of human mobility within the discipline of geography. With five thematic sections – conceptualizing and analyzing mobility, inequalities of mobility, politics of mobility, decentering mobility, and qualifying abstraction – and 27 substantive chapters by leading researchers in the field, it provides a comprehensive overview of the latest thinking about human mobility and related issues. The contributors discuss mobility issues as diverse as everyday mobilities of young people, migrants and refugees, and sex workers; the relationships between citizenship and mobility; and the potential and pitfalls of big data for understanding mobility. This, coupled with a broad international focus, means that Geographies of Mobility will not only encourage and enrich dialogue on a theme that is of major importance to varied geographic research communities, but will also be of great interest to students and researchers across the wider social sciences. This book was originally published as a special issue of Annals of the American Association of Geographers.

A Tapestry of Values

Author : Kevin C. Elliott
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190260823
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Tapestry of Values by : Kevin C. Elliott

Download or read book A Tapestry of Values written by Kevin C. Elliott and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of values in scientific research has become an important topic of discussion in both scholarly and popular debates. Pundits across the political spectrum worry that research on topics like climate change, evolutionary theory, vaccine safety, and genetically modified foods has become overly politicized. At the same time, it is clear that values play an important role in science by limiting unethical forms of research and by deciding what areas of research have the greatest relevance for society. Deciding how to distinguish legitimate and illegitimate influences of values in scientific research is a matter of vital importance. Recently, philosophers of science have written a great deal on this topic, but most of their work has been directed toward a scholarly audience. This book makes the contemporary philosophical literature on science and values accessible to a wide readership. It examines case studies from a variety of research areas, including climate science, anthropology, chemical risk assessment, ecology, neurobiology, biomedical research, and agriculture. These cases show that values have necessary roles to play in identifying research topics, choosing research questions, determining the aims of inquiry, responding to uncertainty, and deciding how to communicate information. Kevin Elliott focuses not just on describing roles for values but also on determining when their influences are actually appropriate. He emphasizes several conditions for incorporating values in a legitimate fashion, and highlights multiple strategies for fostering engagement between stakeholders so that value influences can be subjected to careful and critical scrutiny.

Nursing Knowledge and Theory Innovation

Author : Pamela G. Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826118933
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Nursing Knowledge and Theory Innovation by : Pamela G. Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN

Download or read book Nursing Knowledge and Theory Innovation written by Pamela G. Reed, PhD, RN, FAAN and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2011-02-18 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is an excellent addition to the nursing theory literature and one that focuses on the needs of the new DNP role and knowledge development. As the preface states, it encourages the development of 'theory for practice in practice,' and could help to close the divide that exists between theorists/researchers/academics and practice."Score: 97, 5 stars--Doody's The current paradigm of nursing knowledge suggests theory is developed outside of practice, then handed down to the practitioner to practice. This unique text is for students and faculty at the DNP level to engage in developing nursing theory in order to directly guide and improve practice. The content in this book provides strategies for scholarly practice as well as theories for students to develop or modify to fit into their own practice. This book guides students in learning to think in a new way about nursing theory development as it relates to nursing practice. This book provides graduate nursing students with a guide for practice, presents new perspectives and insights that may arise from frustrating clinical problems, and gives students the opportunity to rethink and reformulate existing theory. Key Features: Provides teachers and nursing students with information about the development and use of theory to improve nursing practice Includes glossary of key terms for reference Presents discussion questions and activities to stimulate thinking Identifies reflection points in selected chapters to help students assimilate the content and relate it to their own work

The Concept of Evidence

Author : Peter Achinstein
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Concept of Evidence by : Peter Achinstein

Download or read book The Concept of Evidence written by Peter Achinstein and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology presents work on major topics surrounding the concept of evidence as employed in the empirical sciences. Focusing on the "classificatory" concept of evidence rather than the quantitative "degree of confirmation," the selections include Carl G. Hempel's satisfaction definition, R.B. Braithwaite's hypothetic-deductive view, N.R. Hanson's account of retroduction, Nelson Goodman's entrenchment theory, probability definitions discussed by Rudolf Carnap and Wesley Salmon, Clark Glymour's bootstrap theory, and a view of Achinstein's that combines probability and explanation.