Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Capd And Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis Ccpd In Children

Download Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Capd And Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis Ccpd In Children full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Capd And Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis Ccpd In Children ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Author : G.R. Catto
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401178283
Total Pages : 137 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis by : G.R. Catto

Download or read book Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis written by G.R. Catto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a generation haemodialysis has been the principal method of treating patients with both acute and chronic renal failure. Initially, developments and improvements in the system were highly technical and relevant to only a relatively small number of specialists in nephrology. More recently, as advances in therapy have dem onstrated the value of haemofiltration in the intensive therapy unit and haemoperfusion for certain types of poisoning, the basic principles of haemodialysis have been perceived as important in many areas of clinical practice. In this volume, the potential advantages of bicarbonate haemo dialysis are objectively assessed, the technical and clinical aspects of both haemofiltration and haemoperfusion discussed and the con tinuing problems associated with such extra corporeal circuits analysed. All the chapters have been written by recognized experts in their field. The increasing availability of highly technical facilities for appropriately selected patients should ensure that the information contained in the book is relevant not only to nephrologists but to all practising clinicians. ABOUT THE EDITOR Dr Graeme R. D. Catto is Professor in Medicine and Therapeutics at the University of Aberdeen and Honorary Consultant Phy sician/Nephrologist to the Grampian Health Board. His current inter est in transplant immunology was stimulated as a Harkness Fellow at Harvard Medical School and the Peter Bent Brighton Hospital, Boston, USA. He is a member of many medical societies including the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland, the Renal Association and the Transplantation Society.

Peritoneal Dialysis

Author : K.D. Nolph
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780898384062
Total Pages : 478 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Peritoneal Dialysis by : K.D. Nolph

Download or read book Peritoneal Dialysis written by K.D. Nolph and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1989 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peritoneal dialysis represents an internal technique for membrane are becoming apparent. Studies of peritoneal blood purification. In this dialyzer the blood path, the dialysis increase understanding of the anatomy and phy membrane and the dialysate compartment are provided by siology of biological membranes and the factors influencing nature. The developments of chronic peritoneal catheters, the passive movement of solutes across the microcirculation and related structures. Peritoneal dialysis provides a 'win automated cycling equipment, solution preparation by reversed osmosis, manipulations of transport with drugs dow' to the visceral microcirculation in animals and hu and the experiences with continuous ambulatory peritoneal mans. dialysis and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis have Peritoneal dialysis may be useful to treat problems other increased the interest in peritoneal dialysis. Publications than renal failure. Beneficial effects in the treatment of related to peritoneal dialysis probably exceed 400 annually. dysproteinemias, psoriasis, hypothermia, and many meta Peritoneal Dialysis International (formally Peritoneal Dialy bolic problems have been reported. The intraperitoneal sis Bulletin) the official journal of the International Society administration of chemotherapeutic agents draws upon and for Peritoneal Dialysis is a journal solely devoted to contributes to our understanding of peritoneal dialysis.

CAPD/CCPD in Children

Author : Richard N. Fine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792382362
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (823 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CAPD/CCPD in Children by : Richard N. Fine

Download or read book CAPD/CCPD in Children written by Richard N. Fine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-12-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed guide for nephrologists and allied medical professionals to using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and various modifications of automated peritoneal dialysis, such as continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis, to provide prolonged dialysis to infants, children, and adolescents with end-stage renal disease. Includes discussions of the NAPRTCS experience in North America, children in developing countries, the structure and function of the pediatric peritoneal membrane, the organization and management of a pediatric dialysis unit, anemia and its treatment in children on continuous dialysis, prescribing the various forms of dialysis, peritonitis, gynecologic issues, the ethics of withholding and withdrawing therapy in infants and young children, the effects of renal neurotoxicity on cognitive development, a parent's view, new peritoneal dialysate solutions and intraperitoneal therapies, nutritional therapy, and other topics. Incorporates developments in the decade since the first edition. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis

Author : Ramesh Khanna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387789405
Total Pages : 927 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis by : Ramesh Khanna

Download or read book Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis written by Ramesh Khanna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-28 with total page 927 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nolph and Gokal's Text Book of Peritoneal Dialysis, Third Edition, covers advances made in the field for the past 30 years. During the past two decades, the time during which this therapy has been increasingly utilized, this text has continued to be recognized as the major source of the discipline's base knowledge. The evolution of this text to its newest edition parallels the growth of peritoneal dialysis from Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis in the eighties to the current therapy that encompasses manual and automated therapies with full emphasis on adequacy of dialysis dose. Peritoneal dialysis represents an intracorporeal technique for blood purification. This unique dialysis system represents one of many human attempts to manipulate nature for sustenance of life. The past few years of advances have focused on further improvement of the technique. Areas that have fueled the interest of researchers include: (1) Physiology of high transporters (and the role of genetics and inflammation); (2) Continued debate over the most appropriate adequacy indices (small solute clearances, large solute clearances, clinical assessment etc.); (3) Understanding, preventing and treating the MIA syndrome in PD patients ( including the roles of leptin, and adiponectin); (4) Pathogenesis and newer management strategies of vascular calcification; (5) Continued improvements in infectious complications including peritonitis; (6) Further improvements in catheter technology; (7) Automated techniques; (8) Explaining and correcting PD underutilization; (9) Rationale and applications of newer dialysis solutions; (10) New understanding and approaches to management of osteodystrophy; (11) Refinements in anemia management including new insights in iron metabolism in PD patients; (12) Further definition of indications for PD; (13) The ideal time to initiate dialysis. Newer insight into host defense mechanisms have also made the past decade of advances in the field more meaningful for clinicians. This text also covers the knowledge gained from animal models of peritoneal dialysis. Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis, Third Edition is a compilation of the latest knowledge in the field. It cites and describes in great detail, the new discoveries and the evolution of understanding the subject of these discoveries.

Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) in Children

Author : Richard N. Fine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146132047X
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) in Children by : Richard N. Fine

Download or read book Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) and Chronic Cycling Peritoneal Dialysis (CCPD) in Children written by Richard N. Fine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade, there has been a renaissance of interest in the use of peritoneal dialysis as a primary dialytic modality for the treatment of children with end stage renal disease (ESRD). The development of the technique of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) has markedly changed the approach to children requiring dialytic therapy. The availability of these techniques has facilitated prolonged dialysis in infants and has for the first time given pediatric nephro logists in many areas of the world an opportunity to consider dialysis in chil dren afflicted with ESRD. I have enlisted the collaboration of colleagues from Europe, South America, Canada, and the United States in compiling this multidisciplinary text, which hopefully contains the most up-to-date, comprehensive information regarding the use of CAPD/CCPD in children. It is my hope that every nephrologist (pediatric and adult); nephrology nurse (pediatric and adult); nephrology tech nician, or allied health professional dealing with children who require these therapeutic modalities will be able to resolve immediately any confounding clinical or technical issues that arise by using the information contained in this text. Demographic data on the use of CAPD/CCPD in children in Europe is provided from the EDTA Registry and in the United States from the National Peritoneal Dialysis Registry. The particular problems encountered in the use xiii xiv Preface of CAPD in children in developing countries is detailed by Dr. Grunberg and his colleagues in Uruguay.

Pediatric Nephrology

Author : Ellis D. Avner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540763279
Total Pages : 2059 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Nephrology by : Ellis D. Avner

Download or read book Pediatric Nephrology written by Ellis D. Avner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-20 with total page 2059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is an extensive update of Pediatric Nephrology, which has become the standard reference text in the field. It is global in perspective and reflects the international group of editors, who are well-recognized experts in pediatric nephrology. Within this text, the development of kidney structure and function is followed by detailed and comprehensive chapters on all childhood kidney diseases.

Automated Peritoneal Dialysis

Author : Claudio Ronco
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805569343
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Automated Peritoneal Dialysis by : Claudio Ronco

Download or read book Automated Peritoneal Dialysis written by Claudio Ronco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been the standard peritoneal procedure since the seventies, different schedules of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) have emerged during the eighties. Today, APD is considered a valuable tool in the management of ESRD patients, together with CAPD and hemodialysis. However, despite its frequent use, APD has not yet been well assessed, and most pathophysiological and clinical studies on PD refer to CAPD. In this book, major experts in the field therefore discuss and evaluate the insights gained on APD up to now, presenting a comprehensive review of all experimental, technical and clinical aspects related to the various treatments grouped under the definition of APD. The recent developments presented are divided into four sections: membrane permeability, transport mechanisms and kinetic modeling applied to APD; prescription and adequacy of different APD treatment schedules; dialysis machines and solutions for APD, and, lastly, different clinical aspects such as the possibility to maintain APD program and residual renal function. Physicians involved in ESRD care, renal fellows and scientists both in the academic world and in the hospital setting will undoubtedly profit from this timely publication.

Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation E-Book

Author : Jonathan Himmelfarb
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323531725
Total Pages : 1058 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (235 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation E-Book by : Jonathan Himmelfarb

Download or read book Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation E-Book written by Jonathan Himmelfarb and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 1058 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Transplantation Surgery** From basic science to practical clinical tools, Chronic Kidney Disease, Dialysis, and Transplantation, 4th Edition provides you with the up-to-date, authoritative guidance you need to safely and effectively manage patients with chronic renal disease. Covering all relevant clinical management issues, this companion volume to Brenner and Rector's The Kidney presents the knowledge and expertise of renowned researchers and clinicians in the fields of hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, critical care nephrology, and transplantation – for an all-in-one, indispensable guide to every aspect of this fast-changing field. - Contains expanded content on economics and outcomes of treatment, as well as acute kidney injury. - Covers hot topics such as the genetic causes of chronic kidney disease, ethical challenges and palliative care, and home hemodialysis. - Discusses the latest advances in hypertensive kidney disease, vitamin D deficiency, diabetes management, transplantation, and more. - Provides a clear visual understanding of complex information with high-quality line drawings, photographs, and diagnostic and treatment algorithms. - Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Author : M.M. Avram
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146159555X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis by : M.M. Avram

Download or read book Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis written by M.M. Avram and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth International Congress of Peritoneal Dialysis was held in Venice, Italy, June 29 to July 2, 1987. By this time peritoneal dialysis had emerged as a treatment for a substantial fraction of patients with end-stage renal disease and countless numbers of patients with acute renal failure. This treatment is now practiced worldwide and is the life-sustaining treatment for about 40,000 patients with chronic renal failure, representing 15 to 20% of dialysis therapy in about 1000 centers. It is not surprising, therefore, that the number of health professionals engaged in the investigation and the application of the treatment has also grown exponen tially. The First International Symposium on Peritoneal Dialysis, organized by Dr. A. Treviiio-Be cerra in Chapala, Mexico, in 1978, brought together a group of pioneers when continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis was in its infancy. In 1981, Dr. G. M. Gahl chaired the Second Symposium, in West Berlin, when the technique and professional interest were growing con siderably. By 1984, when Dr. 1. F. Winchester and I organized the Third Symposium, the pre sented papers exceeded 100 and there were about 1000 attendees. At that time, it was deemed appropriate to form a more organized group and the International Society for Peritoneal Dialy sis was founded. One of the first actions of the Society was to choose from among several applicants Dr.

Pediatric Dialysis

Author : Bradley A. Warady
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402018589
Total Pages : 684 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (185 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pediatric Dialysis by : Bradley A. Warady

Download or read book Pediatric Dialysis written by Bradley A. Warady and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The provision of optimal dialysis therapy to children requires a thorough understanding of the multi-disciplinary manner in which the pediatric patient is affected by renal insufficiency. Knowledge of the technical aspects of peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis and continuous renal replacement therapy must be complemented by attention to issues such as anemia, renal osteodystrophy, hypertension, growth, cognitive development, nutrition, nursing care and the psychosocial adaptation of the child and family to chronic disease. The inaugural edition of Pediatric Dialysis provides a comprehensive review of these and other related topics with a singular emphasis on the unique aspects of their application to children. With authoritative, clinically relevant, well-referenced chapters written by a host of recognized international experts who emphasize key aspects of contemporary management, Pediatric Dialysis has been designed to serve as a primary resource to all clinicians involved in the care of the pediatric dialysis patient.

CAPD Update

Author : Jack W. Moncrief
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CAPD Update by : Jack W. Moncrief

Download or read book CAPD Update written by Jack W. Moncrief and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis

Author : R. Gokal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401108145
Total Pages : 1185 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis by : R. Gokal

Download or read book The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis written by R. Gokal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1986 the first edition of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, edited by R. Gokal, was published. In 1989 the third edition of Peritoneal Dialysis, edited by K.D. Nolph, was published. Both books were widely recognized for their comprehensive discussion of this particular field. Rather than edit new editions of each of these books separately, two of the most prominent figures in this field have decided to combine their knowledge and enthusiasm in this single book: The Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis. The book is unique in its detailed discussion of a complete range of topics, including new advances in our understanding of the physiology of peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal dialysis kinetics, clinical results and a chapter dealing with the concepts of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. These examples of the dynamic nature of the field further illustrate the importance of this textbook, and make it required reading for everybody working within the field of peritoneal dialysis.

CAPD/CCPD in Children

Author : Richard N. Fine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461549310
Total Pages : 640 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis CAPD/CCPD in Children by : Richard N. Fine

Download or read book CAPD/CCPD in Children written by Richard N. Fine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past quarter century there has been a renaissance of interest in the use of peritoneal dialysis as the primary dialytic modality for the treatment of children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The development of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (APD) has facilitated the provision of prolonged dialysis to infants, children and adolescents and has provided pediatric nephrologists worldwide with a real opportunity to administer effective dialysis therapy to all patients afflicted with ESRD. It has been more than a decade since the initial publication of CAPD/CCPD in Children. In the interim, a great deal of clinical experience with patients receiving peritoneal dialysis has been accumulated and research efforts have substantially increased our understanding of the technique. Therefore, we felt that a second edition of CAPD/CCPD in Children was propitious to update the advances of the past decade.

Peritonitis in CAPD

Author : Rolf Augustin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Peritonitis in CAPD by : Rolf Augustin

Download or read book Peritonitis in CAPD written by Rolf Augustin and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nephrology Worldwide

Author : José A. Moura-Neto
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030568903
Total Pages : 751 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nephrology Worldwide by : José A. Moura-Neto

Download or read book Nephrology Worldwide written by José A. Moura-Neto and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents contributions from leading international experts in the field of nephrology. Each chapter is independent and discusses nephrology in the author’s country, including the history of nephrology development, kidney disease epidemiology, clinical nephrology, dialysis practice in acute and chronic renal failure settings (hemodialysis, hemodiafiltration, peritoneal dialysis), pediatric nephrology, and kidney transplantation. In addition, the book covers topics such as the job market for nephrologists, reimbursement, nephrology education, and the number of professionals in the private and public sectors. With 53 chapters and more than 300 authors from all continents offering a unique perspective on nephrology practice, it provides a much-needed information source for nephrologists around the globe. The reader will be able to travel through “Nephrology Worldwide”, a pleasant reading experience with not only relevant information and updated data, but also a comprehensive look at the history, countries’ peculiarities, and a critical analysis of the scenario of nephrology and renal replacement therapy. A valuable resource for healthcare professionals and other stakeholders interested in learning about the status quo of Nephrology Worldwide. “Both the failings and the successes are outlined in a way that should make this book a compelling read, not just for the well-informed renal physician, but also for planners and policy makers whose thinking and actions are integral to the way we practice medicine.” - Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, Nephrologist and 2019 Nobel Prize Winner More information on the Nephrology Worldwide initiative can be found at www.nephrologyworldwide.com.

Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease

Author : Maha N. Haddad
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319972200
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease by : Maha N. Haddad

Download or read book Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease written by Maha N. Haddad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: End-stage renal disease is a devastating diagnosis to the patient, family and their care provider. This book covers all aspects of chronic kidney disease from a general description to its psychological impact on the adolescent and lastly its progression to end-stage and dialysis. It details the important aspects of the patient’s journey from diagnosis to their final destination including transplant and discussion of the medications used. It includes chapters on important etiologies of chronic kidney disease in adolescence, addressing the particular challenges a provider may be faced with in caring for this age group, and finally transition of their care to adult care providers. Written by experts in the field of pediatrics and nephrology Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease is the definitive resource in diagnosing and transitioning patients with chronic kidney disease.

The Essentials of Clinical Dialysis

Author : Yong-Lim Kim
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811011001
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Essentials of Clinical Dialysis by : Yong-Lim Kim

Download or read book The Essentials of Clinical Dialysis written by Yong-Lim Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a thorough guide to dialysis that will assist in the effective treatment of patients. Current knowledge on all aspects of dialysis, including the most recent advances, is presented and the various techniques used in dialysis patients are described step by step. Both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are fully considered. The coverage of hemodialysis explains the procedure and its indications and provides guidance on challenging topics such as vascular access, response to acute and chronic complications, and on-line hemodiafiltration. The discussion of peritoneal dialysis includes explanation of peritoneal physiology, the principles of prescription, and the treatment of peritonitis and exit site infection. A summary of updated dialysis-related guidelines is included at the end of the book. The lucid text is supported by more than 200 full-color illustrations that clarify anatomy, vascular/peritoneal access, and dialysis procedures and techniques. The Essentials of Clinical Dialysis will be of value for all who are involved in the management of dialysis patients and will be a helpful guide for training of physicians and healthcare associates in the dialysis center.