Chinese Asianism 1894 1945

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Chinese Asianism, 1894-1945

Author : Craig A. Smith
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176344
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Chinese Asianism, 1894-1945 by : Craig A. Smith

Download or read book Chinese Asianism, 1894-1945 written by Craig A. Smith and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese Asianism examines Chinese intellectual discussions of East Asian solidarity, analyzing them in connection with Chinese nationalism and Sino–Japanese relations. Beginning with texts written after the first Sino–Japanese War of 1894 and concluding with Wang Jingwei’s failed government in World War II, Craig Smith engages with a period in which the Chinese empire had crumbled and intellectuals were struggling to adapt to imperialism, new and hegemonic forms of government, and radically different epistemes. He considers a wide range of writings that show the depth of the pre-war discourse on Asianism and the influence it had on the rise of nationalism in China. Asianism was a “call” for Asian unity, Smith finds, but advocates of a united and connected Asia based on racial or civilizational commonalities also utilized the packaging of Asia for their own agendas, to the extent that efforts towards international regionalism spurred the construction of Chinese nationalism. Asianism shaped Chinese ideas of nation and region, often by translating and interpreting Japanese perspectives, and leaving behind a legacy in the concepts and terms that persist in the twenty-first century. As China plays a central role in regional East Asian development, Asianism is once again of great importance today.

Pan-Asianism and the Legacy of the Chinese Revolution

Author : Viren Murthy
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022682800X
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Pan-Asianism and the Legacy of the Chinese Revolution by : Viren Murthy

Download or read book Pan-Asianism and the Legacy of the Chinese Revolution written by Viren Murthy and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With Xi Jinping's project to revive the ancient Silk Road for the contemporary era, new analyses of pan-Asianism have proliferated. Most of these narratives focus especially on the "rise of China" as the natural leader of new capitalist bloc, foretelling a shift of power from the West to the East. What these approaches lack, however, is any historical grounding in the thought of influential twentieth-century pan-Asianists. Viren Murthy explores the writings and specific historical contexts of key pan-Asianist intellectuals in Japan, China, and India from the early 1900s to the present to clarify how current discourses distort the very foundations of pan-Asianism. At the heart of this thinking was the notion of a unity of Asian nations, of weak nations becoming powerful, and of the Third World confronting the "advanced world" on equal terms. But there was more: pan-Asianists envisioned a future beyond both imperialism and capitalism. That the resurgence of pan-Asianist discourse has emerged alongside the dominance of capitalism, Murthy argues, signals a profound misunderstanding"--

Stalin, Japan, and the Struggle for Supremacy over China, 1894–1945

Author : Hiroaki Kuromiya
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000832201
Total Pages : 647 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Stalin, Japan, and the Struggle for Supremacy over China, 1894–1945 by : Hiroaki Kuromiya

Download or read book Stalin, Japan, and the Struggle for Supremacy over China, 1894–1945 written by Hiroaki Kuromiya and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-27 with total page 647 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stalin was a master of deception, disinformation, and camouflage, by means of which he gained supremacy over China and defeated imperialism on Chinese soil. This book examines Stalin’s covert operations in his hunt for supremacy. By the late 1920s Britain had ceded place to Japan as Stalin’s main enemy in Asia. By seducing Japan deeply into China, Stalin successfully turned Japan’s aggression into a weapon of its own destruction. The book examines Stalin’s covert operations from the murder of the Manchurian warlord Zhang Zuolin in 1928 and the publication of the forged “Tanaka Memorial” in 1929, to Stalin’s hidden role in Japan’s invasion of Manchuria in 1931, the outbreak of all-out war between China and Japan in 1937, and Japan’s defeat in 1945. In the shadow of these and other events we find Stalin and his secret operatives, including many Chinese and Japanese collaborators, most notably Zhang Xueliang and Kōmoto Daisaku, the self-professed assassin of Zhang Zuolin. The book challenges accounts of the turbulent history of inter-war East Asia that have ignored or minimized Stalin’s presence and instead exposes and analyzes Stalin’s secret modus operandi, modernized as “hybrid war” in today’s Russia. The book is essential for students and specialists of Stalin, China, the Soviet Union, Japan, and East Asia.

Legal Scholars and Scholarship in the People’s Republic of China

Author : Nongji Zhang
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176395
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Legal Scholars and Scholarship in the People’s Republic of China by : Nongji Zhang

Download or read book Legal Scholars and Scholarship in the People’s Republic of China written by Nongji Zhang and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Law is a moving system of rules that changes according to a nation’s political and socioeconomic development. To understand the law of the People’s Republic of China today, it is imperative to learn the history and philosophy of the law when it was first shaped. This is a comprehensive introduction to Chinese legal scholarship and the prominent scholars who developed it during the initial decades of the PRC, when the old Chinese legal system was abolished by the newly established Communist government. With responsibilities for full-scale recovery and reconstruction, while cultivating entirely new disciplines and branches of legal studies, the thirty-three leading legal scholars featured herein became the creators, pioneers, and teachers of the new Communist legal system. Through their scholarship, we can see where the field of Chinese legal studies came from, and where it is going. Nongji Zhang reveals the stories of the most prominent PRC legal scholars, including their backgrounds, scholarly contributions, and important works. This essential tool and resource for the study of Chinese law will be of great use to faculty, students, scholars, librarians, and anyone interested in the field.

Imperial Gateway

Author : Seiji Shirane
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501765582
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Imperial Gateway by : Seiji Shirane

Download or read book Imperial Gateway written by Seiji Shirane and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Imperial Gateway, Seiji Shirane explores the political, social, and economic significance of colonial Taiwan in the southern expansion of Japan's empire from 1895 to the end of World War II. Challenging understandings of empire that focus on bilateral relations between metropole and colonial periphery, Shirane uncovers a half century of dynamic relations between Japan, Taiwan, China, and Western regional powers. Japanese officials in Taiwan did not simply take orders from Tokyo; rather, they often pursued their own expansionist ambitions in South China and Southeast Asia. When outright conquest was not possible, they promoted alternative strategies, including naturalizing resident Chinese as overseas Taiwanese subjects, extending colonial police networks, and deploying tens of thousands of Taiwanese to war. The Taiwanese—merchants, gangsters, policemen, interpreters, nurses, and soldiers—seized new opportunities for socioeconomic advancement that did not always align with Japan's imperial interests. Drawing on multilingual archives in six countries, Imperial Gateway shows how Japanese officials and Taiwanese subjects transformed Taiwan into a regional gateway for expansion in an ever-shifting international order. Thanks to generous funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities Open Book Program and its participation in TOME (Toward an Open Monograph Ecosystem), the ebook editions of this book are available as Open Access volumes from Cornell Open (cornellpress.cornell.edu/cornell-open) and other repositories.

Transmedial Landscapes and Modern Chinese Painting

Author : Juliane Noth
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176603
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Transmedial Landscapes and Modern Chinese Painting by : Juliane Noth

Download or read book Transmedial Landscapes and Modern Chinese Painting written by Juliane Noth and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chinese ink painters of the Republican period (1911–1949) creatively engaged with a range of art forms in addition to ink, such as oil painting, drawing, photography, and woodblock prints. They transformed their medium of choice in innovative ways, reinterpreting both its history and its theoretical foundations. Juliane Noth offers a new understanding of these compelling experiments in Chinese painting by studying them as transmedial practice, at once shaped by and integral to the modern global art world. Transmedial Landscapes and Modern Chinese Painting shines a spotlight on the mid-1930s, a period of intense productivity in which Chinese artists created an enormous number of artworks and theoretical texts. The book focuses on the works of three seminal artists, Huang Binhong, He Tianjian, and Yu Jianhua, facilitating fresh insights into this formative stage of their careers and into their collaborations in artworks and publications. In a nuanced reading of paintings, photographs, and literary and theoretical texts, Noth shows how artworks and discussions about the future of ink painting were intimately linked to the reshaping of the country through infrastructure development and tourism, thus leading to the creation of a uniquely modern Chinese landscape imagery.

Contender States and Modern Chinese International Thought

Author : Ferran Perez Mena
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819721512
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Contender States and Modern Chinese International Thought by : Ferran Perez Mena

Download or read book Contender States and Modern Chinese International Thought written by Ferran Perez Mena and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Proletarian China

Author : Ivan Franceschini
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1839766336
Total Pages : 881 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (397 download)

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Book Synopsis Proletarian China by : Ivan Franceschini

Download or read book Proletarian China written by Ivan Franceschini and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2022-06-07 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A century of complex relations between Communists and workers in China In 2021, the Chinese Communist Party celebrated a century of existence. Since the Party’s humble beginnings in the Marxist groups of the Republican era to its current global ambitions, one thing has not changed for China’s leaders: their claim to represent the vanguard of the Chinese working class. Spanning from the night classes for workers organised by student activists in Beijing in the 1910s to the labour struggles during the 1920s and 1930s; from the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution to the social convulsions of the reform era to China’s global push today, this book reconstructs the contentious history of labour in China from the early twentieth century to this day (and beyond). This will be achieved through a series of essays penned by scholars in the field of Chinese society, politics, and culture, each one of which will revolve around a specific historical event, in a mosaic of different voices, perspectives, and interpretations of what constituted the experience of being a worker in China in the past century. Contributors: Corey Byrnes, Craig A. Smith, Xu Guoqi, Zhou Ruixue, Lin Chun, Elizabeth J. Perry, Tony Saich, Wang Kan, Gail Hershatter, Apo Leong, S.A. Smith, Alexander F. Day, Yige Dong, Seung-Joon Lee, Lu Yan, Joshua Howard, Bo Ærenlund Sørensen, Brian DeMare, Emily Honig, Po-chien Chen, Yi-hung Liu, Jake Werner, Malcolm Thompson, Robert Cliver, Mark W. Frazier, John Williams, Christian Sorace, Zhu Ruiyi, Ivan Franceschini, Chen Feng, Ben Kindler, Jane Hayward, Tim Wright, Koji Hirata, Jacob Eyferth, Aminda Smith, Fabio Lanza, Ralph Litzinger, J onathan Unger, Covell F. Meyskens, Maggie Clinton, Patricia M. Thornton, Ray Yep, Andrea Piazzaroli Longobardi, Joel Andreas, Matt Galway, Michel Bonnin, A.C. Baecker, Mary Ann O’Donnell, Tiantian Zheng, Jeanne L. Wilson, Ming-sho Ho, Yueran Zhang, Anita Chan, Sarah Biddulph, Jude Howell, William Hurst, Dorothy J. Solinger, Ching Kwan Lee, Chloé Froissart, Mary Gallagher, Eric Florence, Junxi Qian, Chris King-chi Chan, Elaine Sio-Ieng Hui, Jenny Chan, Eli Friedman, Aaron Halegua, Wanning Sun, Marc Blecher, Huang Yu, Manfred Elfstrom, Darren Byler, Carlos Rojas, Chen Qiufan.

Chiang Kai-shek's Politics of Shame

Author : Grace C. Huang
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176328
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Chiang Kai-shek's Politics of Shame by : Grace C. Huang

Download or read book Chiang Kai-shek's Politics of Shame written by Grace C. Huang and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once a powerful figure who reversed the disintegration of China and steered the country to Allied victory in World War II, Chiang Kai-shek fled into exile following his 1949 defeat in the Chinese civil war. As attention pivoted to Mao Zedong’s communist experiment, Chiang was relegated to the dustbin of history. In Chiang Kai-shek’s Politics of Shame, Grace C. Huang reconsiders Chiang’s leadership and legacy by drawing on an extraordinary and uncensored collection of his diaries, telegrams, and speeches stitched together by his secretaries. She paints a new, intriguing portrait of this twentieth-century leader who advanced a Confucian politics of shame to confront Japanese incursion into China and urge unity among his people. In also comparing Chiang’s response to imperialism to those of Mao, Yuan Shikai, and Mahatma Gandhi, Huang widens the implications of her findings to explore alternatives to Western expressions of nationalism and modernity and reveal how leaders of vulnerable states can use potent cultural tools to inspire their country and contribute to an enduring national identity.

Uncertain Powers

Author : Sachiko Kawai
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176352
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Uncertain Powers by : Sachiko Kawai

Download or read book Uncertain Powers written by Sachiko Kawai and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2022-03-07 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uncertain Powers is an original and much-needed analysis of female leadership in medieval Japan. In challenging current scholarship by exploring the important political and economic roles of twelfth- and thirteenth-century Japanese royal women, Sachiko Kawai questions the traditional view of the era as one dominated by male retired monarchs and a warrior government. Instead the author populates it with royal wives and daughters who held the title of premier royal lady (nyoin) and owned extensive estates across the Japanese archipelago. Nyoin, whose power varied according to marital status, networks, and age, used their wealth and human networks to build temples and organize their entourages as salons to assert religious, cultural, and political influence. Confronted with social factors and gender disparities, they were motivated to develop coping strategies, the workings of which Kawai masterfully teases out from the abundant primary sources. Uncertain Powers presents a nuanced and groundbreaking study of the relationship between a nyoin’s authority (her acknowledged rights) and her actual power (the ability to enforce those rights), demonstrating how, as members of political factions, as landlords, and as religious and cultural patrons, nyoin struggled to transform authority into power by means of cooperation, persuasion, compromise, and coercion.

Confluence and Conflict

Author : Brian Hurley
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 168417662X
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Confluence and Conflict by : Brian Hurley

Download or read book Confluence and Conflict written by Brian Hurley and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writers and intellectuals in modern Japan have long forged dialogues across the boundaries separating the spheres of literature and thought. This book explores some of their most intellectually and aesthetically provocative connections in the volatile transwar years of the 1920s to 1950s. Reading philosophical texts alongside literary writings, the study links the intellectual side of literature to the literary dimensions of thought in contexts ranging from middlebrow writing to avant-garde modernism, and from the wartime left to the postwar right. Chapters trace these dynamics through the novelist Tanizaki Jun’ichirō’s collaboration with the nativist linguist Yamada Yoshio on a modern translation of The Tale of Genji; the modernist writer Yokomitsu Riichi’s dialogue with Kyoto School philosophers around the question of “worldliness”; the Marxist poet Nakano Shigeharu’s and the philosopher Tosaka Jun’s thinking about prosaic everyday language; and the postwar rumination on liberal society that surrounded the scholar Edwin McClellan while he translated Natsume Sōseki’s classic 1914 novel Kokoro as a graduate student in the United States working with the famed economist Friedrich Hayek. Revealing unexpected intersections of literature, ideas, and politics in a global transwar context, the book concludes by turning to Murakami Haruki and the resonances of those intersections in a time closer to our own.

The Afterlife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi

Author : Susan Westhafer Furukawa
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176379
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis The Afterlife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi by : Susan Westhafer Furukawa

Download or read book The Afterlife of Toyotomi Hideyoshi written by Susan Westhafer Furukawa and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Popular representations of the past are everywhere in Japan, from cell phone charms to manga, from television dramas to video games to young people dressed as their favorite historical figures hanging out in the hip Harajuku district. But how does this mass consumption of the past affect the way consumers think about history and what it means to be Japanese? By analyzing representations of the famous sixteenth-century samurai leader Toyotomi Hideyoshi in historical fiction based on Taikōki, the original biography of him, this book explores how and why Hideyoshi has had a continued and ever-changing presence in popular culture in twentieth- and twenty-first-century Japan. The multiple fictionalized histories of Hideyoshi published as serial novels and novellas before, during, and after World War II demonstrate how imaginative re-presentations of Japan’s past have been used by various actors throughout the modern era. Using close reading of several novels and short stories as well as the analysis of various other texts and paratextual materials, Susan Furukawa discovers a Hideyoshi who is always changing to meet the needs of the current era, and in the process expands our understanding of the powerful role that historical narratives play in Japan.

Cine-Mobility

Author : Han Sang Kim
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176611
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Cine-Mobility by : Han Sang Kim

Download or read book Cine-Mobility written by Han Sang Kim and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1916, a group of Korean farmers and their children gathered to watch a film depicting the enthronement of the Japanese emperor. For this screening, a unit of the colonial government’s news agency brought a projector and generator by train to their remote rural town. Before the formation of commercial moviegoing culture for colonial audiences in rural Korean towns, many films were sent to such towns and villages as propaganda. The colonial authorities, as well as later South Korean postcolonial state authorities, saw film as the most effective medium for disseminating their political messages. In Cine-Mobility, Han Sang Kim argues that the force of propaganda films in Korea was derived primarily not from their messages but from the new mobility of the viewing position. From the first film shot in Korea in 1901 through early internet screen cultures in late 1990s South Korea, Cine-Mobility explores the association between cinematic media and transportation mobility, not only in diverse and discrete forms such as railroads, motorways, automobiles, automation, and digital technologies, but also in connection with the newly established rules and restrictions and the new culture of mobility, including changes in gender dynamics, that accompanied it.

Asia and Postwar Japan

Author : Simon Avenell
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176638
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Asia and Postwar Japan by : Simon Avenell

Download or read book Asia and Postwar Japan written by Simon Avenell and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-04 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: War, defeat, and the collapse of empire in 1945 touched every aspect of postwar Japanese society, profoundly shaping how the Japanese would reconstruct national identity and reengage with the peoples of Asia. While “America” offered a vision of re-genesis after cataclysmic ruin, “Asia” exposed the traumata of perpetration and the torment of ethnic responsibility. Obscured in the shadows of a resurgent postwar Japan lurked a postimperial specter whose haunting presence both complicated and confounded the spiritual rehabilitation of the nation. Asia and Postwar Japan examines Japanese deimperialization from 1945 until the early twenty-first century. It focuses on the thought and activism of progressive activists and intellectuals as they struggled to overcome rigid preconceptions about “Asia,” as they grappled with the implications of postimperial responsibility, and as they forged new regional solidarities and Asian imaginaries. Simon Avenell reveals the critical importance of Asia in postwar Japanese thought, activism, and politics—Asia as a symbolic geography, Asia as a space for grassroots engagement, and ultimately, Asia as an aporia of identity and the source of a new politics of hope.

Contradiction

Author : Linda Jaivin
Publisher : ANU Press
ISBN 13 : 1760465232
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Contradiction by : Linda Jaivin

Download or read book Contradiction written by Linda Jaivin and published by ANU Press. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the many facets of crisis—the theme of last year’s China Story Yearbook—fractured into pictures of contradiction throughout Chinese society and the Chinese sphere of influence. Contradiction: the ancient Chinese word for the concept holds within it the image of an unstoppable spear meeting an impenetrable shield. It describes a wide range of phenomena that English might express with words like conflict, clash, paradox, incongruity, disagreement, rebuttal, opposition, and negation. This year’s Yearbook presents stories of action and reaction, of motion and resistance. The theme of contradiction plays out in different ways across the different realms of society, culture, environment, labour, politics, and international relations. Great powers do not necessarily succeed in dominating smaller ones. The seemingly irresistible forces of authoritarianism, patriarchy, and technological control come up against energised and surprisingly resilient means of resistance or cooptation. Efforts by various authorities to establish monolithic narrative control over the past and present meet a powerful insistence on telling the story from an opposite angle. The China Story Yearbook: Contradiction offers an accessible take on this complex and contradictory moment in the history of China and of the world.

Power for a Price

Author : Lawrence Zhang
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176689
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Power for a Price by : Lawrence Zhang

Download or read book Power for a Price written by Lawrence Zhang and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Qing dynasty office purchase system (juanna), which allowed individuals to pay for appointments in the government, was regarded in traditional Chinese historiography as an inherently corrupt and anti-meritocratic practice. It enabled participants to become civil and military officials while avoiding the competitive government-run examination systems. Lawrence Zhang’s groundbreaking study of a broad selection of new archival and other printed evidence—including a list of over 10,900 purchasers of offices from 1798 and narratives of purchase—contradicts this widely held assessment and investigates how observers and critics of the system, past and present, have informed this questionable negative view. The author argues that, rather than seeing office purchase as a last resort for those who failed to obtain official appointments via other means, it was a preferred method for wealthy and well-connected individuals to leverage their social capital to the fullest extent. Office purchase was thus not only a useful device that raised funds for the state, but also a political tool that, through literal investments in their positions and their potential to secure status and power, tied the interests of official elites ever more closely to those of the state.

Building a Nation at War

Author : J. Megan Greene
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 1684176700
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (841 download)

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Book Synopsis Building a Nation at War by : J. Megan Greene

Download or read book Building a Nation at War written by J. Megan Greene and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building a Nation at War argues that the Chinese Nationalist government’s retreat inland during the Sino–Japanese War (1937–1945), its consequent need for inland resources, and its participation in new scientific and technical relationships with the United States led to fundamental changes in how the Nationalists engaged with science and technology as tools to promote development. The war catalyzed an emphasis on applied sciences, comprehensive economic planning, and development of scientific and technical human resources—all of which served the Nationalists’ immediate and long-term goals. It created an opportunity for the Nationalists to extend control over inland China and over education and industry. It also provided opportunities for China to mobilize transnational networks of Chinese-Americans, Chinese in America, and the American government and businesses. These groups provided technical advice, ran training programs, and helped the Nationalists acquire manufactured goods and tools. J. Megan Greene shows how the Nationalists worked these programs to their advantage, even in situations where their American counterparts clearly had the upper hand. Finally, this book shows how, although American advisers and diplomats criticized China for harboring resources rather than putting them into winning the war against Japan, U.S. industrial consultants were also strongly motivated by postwar goals.