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Chinas Civil Service Reform
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Book Synopsis China's Civil Service Reform by : Wang Xiaoqi
Download or read book China's Civil Service Reform written by Wang Xiaoqi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-04 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A market economy and a more liberal society have brought great challenges to China’s outdated governance structure and personnel management. To improve decision-making in government and reshape the management system in face of a more complex economy, post-Mao authorities have implemented a number of administrative reforms, including civil service reform which emphasized on selecting and promoting public officials based on their capability and work performance. Thousands of positions have been filled since the civil service system was implemented nationwide in 1993. The Chinese civil service reform is of far-reaching significance because it had the potential to be a departure from the established structure of cadre personnel management system developed in the 1950s. However, after several years of policy development, scholars observe that the new reforms have done little to undermine the old cadre system. Is this true? Or does this conclusion over-simplify the complicated implementation of the reforms? This book examines the implementation and performance of the on-going civil service reforms in China. Using the principal-agent framework, the author draw upon key case studies showing how the reforms affect civil servants’ incentives and behavior in the local context and the Chinese leadership’s control over the bureaucracy. China’s reform experience speaks directly to many Asian countries facing urgent need to improve state capacity as the global financial crisis unfolds.
Book Synopsis China's Civil Service Reform and Local Government Performance by : Xiaoqi Wang, PH.
Download or read book China's Civil Service Reform and Local Government Performance written by Xiaoqi Wang, PH. and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "China's Civil Service Reform and Local Government Performance: a Principal-agent Perspective" by Xiaoqi, Wang, 王曉琦, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled "China's Civil Service Reform and Local Government Performance: A Principal-Agent Perspective" Submitted by Wang Xiaoqi for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong May 2006 This dissertation has examined the impacts of China's Civil Service Reform on the performance of government agencies in charge of environmental protection and education in three cities (Haidian district of Beijing, Changchun, and Ningbo). I have explored China's Civil Service Reform and its impact on local government performance within a principal-agent framework. Because of information asymmetry and conflict of interest, bureaucratic superiors on three hierarchical levels within the old Cadre Management System had trouble in obtaining full compliance from their bureaucratic subordinates. But, being rational, the bureaucratic superiors (especially the central leadership of the Chinese Communist Party) design rules and institutions to mitigate the problems. The introduction of China's Civil Service System in 1993 is one such effort to i manage cadres. The crucial outputs and outcomes of China's Civil Service Reform are the major focus of this study. In particular, this dissertation aims to answer the following related questions. How have the new sets of rules or initiatives shaped the incentives facing the civil servants and thus influenced the way they exercise their discretion (this being the managerial goal of the reforms)? How do the Reforms affect the ability of the Chinese leadership to control the bureaucracy (the political goal of the reforms), and what are the implications of the Reforms for the relationships among the political leadership, the bureaucrats, and the citizens? How might we explain the variations in reform implementations and performance across policy areas and regions after China's adoption of the Civil Service System? I find that components of China's Civil Service Reform provide superiors solutions to alleviate the control problems, which were embedded in three hierarchical levels of Chinese government, through incentive-alignment and information discovery. The alleviations of control problems manifest themselves in the improvement of local government performance, which is measured by objective indicators and citizen survey data in this study. In general, I find the managerial and political objectives of China's Civil Service Reform have been met. As the outputs of the reforms, evidence suggests civil service quality has improved and local governments have adopted and implemented China's Civil Service System to a large extent. Moreover, the implementation of China's ii Civil Service System has motivated the civil servants to put more conscious effort into their work and accordingly adjust the way they treat their clients. Referring to the outcomes of the reforms, the implementation of the components of China's Civil Service System and other administrative monitoring mechanisms has helped the central leadership in China to successfully strengthen control over the local governments and the local bureaucrats. The strengthened control of the bureaucracy has manifested itself in better provision and delivery of public services, which in turn leads to increased citizen satisfaction with regard to government performance. All these illustrate that local government
Download or read book China's Civil Service Reform written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis CONFLICT & AMBIGUITY IN THE IM by : Kwok-Ping Chou
Download or read book CONFLICT & AMBIGUITY IN THE IM written by Kwok-Ping Chou and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Conflict and Ambiguity in the Implementation of Civil Service Reform in China, 1993-2000" by Kwok-ping, Chou, 仇國平, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: i Abstract This study traces and analyzes the implementation of civil service reform between 1993 and 2000 in China. The reform is a comprehensive reform of the cadre management system through the institutionalization of the principles of merit, impersonality, fairness, competition, and openness. The reform encompasses the following programmes: establishment control, position specification, recruitment and selection, promotion and demotion, resignation, avoidance (huibi), performance evaluation, training, job rotation, compensation, dismissal, award, discipline, and redress system. This study has found that there is a lack of evidence proving that the reform has succeeded in achieving its stated goals of improving the efficiency, capacity, and integrity of civil service. To explain the reasons for the limited success of the reform, this study uses Matland's model of policy implementation that identifies two broad variables affecting the success of policy implementation - conflict level of policy context and ambiguity level of policy content. I argue that civil service reform was implemented in a relatively conflicutal context. Many reform programmes encroached upon bureaucrats' interests: recruitment and selection reform, promotion and demotion reform, and avoidance reform sought to control local leaders' powers to staff the civil service and minimized their chances of seeking rent. The civil service transition, reduction of egalitarian fringe benefits, award reform, and dismissal reform destabilized job security and cut fringe benefits. Reforms of performance evaluation and compensation promoted differential treatment of public employees that conflicted with local leaders' concern for organizational harmony. Some reform programmes, ii such as recruitment and selection reform, required authorities to hire more civil servants through open competition and clashed with other policies, such as job allocation for demobilized military officers and administrative reform. As a consequence, local leaders often had to compromise civil service reform programmes for the sake of implementing other policies given a higher priority. In addition, China's vast territory, local diversity, and the country's relatively decentralized politico-administrative regime made it difficult for reform leaders to specify the reform content in detail. Thus the content of national reform programmes was usually ambiguous. Local leaders had a relatively high level of autonomy and could decide the content of the programmes and the schedule of reform implementation. Though autonomy sometimes encouraged local innovations and contributed to the attainment of policy goals, autonomy also allowed local leaders to delay or distort the reform programmes in order to suit local characteristics and to cater for their interests. Because of the conflictual policy context and ambiguous policy content, many reform programmes existed only nominally. DOI: 10.5353/th_b2982229 Subjects: Civil service reform - China Civil service - China
Book Synopsis Globalization and Public Sector Reform in China by : Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard
Download or read book Globalization and Public Sector Reform in China written by Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses public sector reform comprehensively in all parts of China’s public sector – government bureaucracy, public service units and state-owned enterprises. It argues that reform of the public sector has become an issue of great concern to the Chinese leaders, who realize that efficient public administration is key to securing the regime’s governing capacity and its future survival. The book shows how thinking about public sector reform has shifted in recent decades from a quantitative emphasis on 'small government', which involved the reduction in size of what was perceived as a bloated bureaucracy, to an emphasis on the quality of governance, which may result in an increase in public sector personnel. The book shows how, although Western ideas about public sector reform have had an impact, Chinese government continues to be best characterized as 'state capitalism', with the large state-owned enterprises continuing to play an important – and increasing – role in the economy and in business. However, state-owned enterprises no longer provide care for large numbers of people from the cradle to the grave – finding an alternative, efficient way of delivering basic welfare and health care is the big challenge facing China’s public sector.
Book Synopsis The Civil Service in Hong Kong by : Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Download or read book The Civil Service in Hong Kong written by Ahmed Shafiqul Huque and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 1998-07-01 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the organization, problems, issues and prospects of the civil service in Hong Kong. It examines the origin and development of the civil service, efforts to deal with the changes before and after the transition, and the process of managing public services with references to its changing role and responsibilities. The book will be of interest to academics, civil servants, professionals and students, as well as researchers interested in the role of civil servants in changing societies, and can be used for teaching courses on public administration and Asian studies.
Book Synopsis Public Service Reform in East Asia by : Anthony Cheung
Download or read book Public Service Reform in East Asia written by Anthony Cheung and published by Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These essays address a variety of reform issues confronted by the Asian economies of Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong. The cover areas such as human resource management; financial management and pay reform; central agency role; private sector involvement; and political accountability.
Book Synopsis China's Civil Service Reform and Local Government Performance by : Xiaoqi Wang (Ph. D.)
Download or read book China's Civil Service Reform and Local Government Performance written by Xiaoqi Wang (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China by : Yuen Yuen Ang
Download or read book State, Market, and Bureau-contracting in Reform China written by Yuen Yuen Ang and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2009 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why and how has China succeeded as a developmental state despite a seemingly rents-ridden bureaucracy? Following conventional wisdom, "Weberian" bureaucracies are an institutional precondition for development, especially in interventionist states like China. However, my research finds that China's fast-growing economy has not been governed by a purely salaried civil service. Instead, Chinese bureaucracies still remain partially prebendal; at every level of government, each office systematically appropriates authority to generate income for itself. My study unravels the paradox of "developmentalism without Weberianness" by illuminating China's unique path of bureaucratic adaptation in the reform era -- labeled as bureau-contracting -- where contracting takes place within the state bureaucracy. In a bureau-contracting structure, the state at each level contracts the tasks of governance to its own bureaucracies, assigning them revenue-making privileges and property rights over income earned in exchange for services rendered. Contrasting previous emphases on the prevalence of illicit corruption in China, my study shows how and why bureaucracies in this context are actually authorized by the state to profit from public office. Specifically, I identify two factors that constrain arbitrary and excessively predatory behavior among Chinese bureaucracies: first, mechanisms of rents management, and second, the mediation of narrow departmental interests by local developmental incentives. In short, I argue that it is the combination of an incentive-compatible fiscal design and increasingly sophisticated instruments of oversight that have sustained an otherwise unorthodox structure of governance in China. In a phrase, bureau-contracting presents a high-powered but opportunistic alternative to the Weberian ideal-type. The Chinese experience suggests that "market-compatible" bureaucratic institutions need not necessarily conform to -- and may even diverge significantly -- from standard Western models, at least at early stages of development. My research draws on interviews with 165 cadres across different regions and governmental sectors, as well as statistical analysis of previously unavailable budget data.
Book Synopsis Windows on China by : IASIA. Conference
Download or read book Windows on China written by IASIA. Conference and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this publication represent windows through which others can view candid debates and discussions by Chinese scholars and public servants about current, pressing issues challenging their national and local governments. The papers address a wide range of challenging issues-from the design of training for the Chinese civil service to experiments with marketing and mixed economies, responsiveness of government to citizens, how to carry on "the democracy experiment" in China, transparency and openness in government, building rule of law, autonomy of local governments, and selection of leaders. Naturally, these papers do not cover all the changes taking place in the Chinese national and local governments as a result of the reforms, but the issues discussed here suggest the breadth and depth of changes that have occurred in recent years, and they offer insights, rare in English, into modern Chinese public administration.
Book Synopsis Civil Service Reform Over Century in China by : S. Qi
Download or read book Civil Service Reform Over Century in China written by S. Qi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Public Administration in China by : Miriam K. Mills
Download or read book Public Administration in China written by Miriam K. Mills and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1993-08-23 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the very first studies of public administration by Chinese and Western experts who evaluate specific reforms, personnel administration and compensation, and administrative law.
Book Synopsis Government and Policy-Making Reform in China by : Bill K.P. Chou
Download or read book Government and Policy-Making Reform in China written by Bill K.P. Chou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China’s rapid economic development has not translated automatically into political development, with many of its institutions still in need of major reform. In the post-Mao era, despite the decentralization of local government with significant administrative and fiscal authority, China’s government and policy-making processes have retained much of the inefficiency and corruption characteristic of the earlier period. This book analyzes the implementation of government and policy-making reform in China, focusing in particular on the reform programmes instituted since the early 1990s. It considers all the important areas of reform, including the enhancement of policy-making capacity, reform of taxation and fund transfer policies, tightening of financial control, civil service reform and market deregulation. Bill K.P Chou assesses the course of policy reform in each of these areas, considers how successful reforms have been, and outlines what remains to be done. In particular, he explores the impact on the reform process of China’s entry into the WTO in 2001, demonstrating that the process of reform in China has been one of continuous conflict between the agenda of political elites in central government, and the priorities of local leaders, with local agents often distorting, delaying or ignoring the policies emanating from the central government.
Book Synopsis China's Civil Service Reform by : Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard
Download or read book China's Civil Service Reform written by Kjeld Erik Brødsgaard and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Capacity and the Hong Kong Civil Service by : John P. Burns
Download or read book Government Capacity and the Hong Kong Civil Service written by John P. Burns and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines, in detail, the political context within which the civil service operates, including the role of the central government in Hong Kong SAR civil service policy making, the changing leadership role of Hong Kong's administrative elite, and attempts by the government to boost executive accountability since 2002.
Book Synopsis Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications by : Joel Wuthnow
Download or read book Chinese Military Reform in the Age of Xi Jinping: Drivers, Challenges, and Implications written by Joel Wuthnow and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) has embarked on its most wide-ranging and ambitious restructuring since 1949, including major changes to most of its key organizations. The restructuring reflects the desire to strengthen PLA joint operation capabilities- on land, sea, in the air, and in the space and cyber domains. The reforms could result in a more adept joint warfighting force, though the PLA will continue to face a number of key hurdles to effective joint operations, Several potential actions would indicate that the PLA is overcoming obstacles to a stronger joint operations capability. The reforms are also intended to increase Chairman Xi Jinping's control over the PLA and to reinvigorate Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organs within the military. Xi Jinping's ability to push through reforms indicates that he has more authority over the PLA than his recent predecessors. The restructuring could create new opportunities for U.S.-China military contacts.
Book Synopsis Understanding Local Agency in China’s Policy Reform by : Xiaoye She
Download or read book Understanding Local Agency in China’s Policy Reform written by Xiaoye She and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book challenges the common perception or assumption that greater state intervention and re-centralization will result in convergence towards a more equitable and inclusive growth model in China. Instead of asking whether local agency matters, this project examines the conditions and latitude of local agency under initial decentralization followed by increasing top-down re-centralization. The central argument is that in response to common policy directives and pressures from above, disparities in local growth strategies have interacted with political institutions in generating “embedded” sub-national welfare mix models, with varying articulations of state, market, community, and family in Chinese welfare production. The bottom-up feedback effects from these embedded models have somewhat offset growing top-down pressure for re-centralization, contributing to persistent sub-national variations. This author contributes to a growing literature of comparative political economy that seeks to examine the political and economic logics of social policy in non-western and authoritarian political systems.
