Author : David Arnold Carroll
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (144 download)
Book Synopsis Children's Attitudes Toward the Playing of Games and Rule Changes by : David Arnold Carroll
Download or read book Children's Attitudes Toward the Playing of Games and Rule Changes written by David Arnold Carroll and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to conduct an exploratory examination of the attitudes of grade six children toward the playing of games, and toward rule changes that were made by the teacher or the children in these games. In order to conduct the study several instruments were developed: two Likert-type attitude inventories were constructed, the first dealing with children's attitudes toward the playing of games, and the second with children's attitudes toward the playing of games and rule changes. An open-ended interview schedule was compiled to supplement the attitude inventories. The sample consisted of 81 children from three grade six classes. Two classes from one school comprised the experimental groups and one class from another school was used as the control group. Prior to the treatment period the three classes were administered the "attitude toward the playing of games" inventory. For 12 consecutive lessons the control class participated in two traditional games and the experimental classes participated in two modified games where the teacher or the children made rule alterations. After the treatment period concluded the control class was readministered the "attitude toward the playing of games" inventory and the experimental classes received the "attitude toward the playing of games and rule changes" inventory. Interviews were also conducted with 12 children from the experimental classes. The pretreatment inventory data were subjected to alpha reliability procedures to help determine whether specific inventory statements could be grouped into a physical/ social or emotional category. A similar procedure was used for the experimental posttreatment inventory data with an additional fourth category, intellectual statements, included. Only those categories where the alpha coefficient reached .50 were accepted. A two-way analysis of variance was used to measure the Treatment Groups x Sex with repeated measures for the accepted pre and posttreatment categories pertaining to the playing of games. The Newman-Keuls procedure was utilized to compare mean differences between the three groups. The t-test method of analysis was used to examine differences between the mean scores of the experimental children on accepted experimental posttreatment categories. In all cases the level of significance was chosen at 5 percent. The findings indicated that the physical and social categories could be used to analyze the children's attitudes toward the playing of games. A significant sex difference was found regarding the social category with the girls indicating a more positive attitude toward the social aspects of playing games. Participation in the modified games did not change the attitudes of the experimental children toward the physical or social aspects of playing games. The physical, social and intellectual categories could be used to analyse the experimental children's attitudes toward the changing of game rules. There was a significant difference between the two experimental classes regarding the social aspects of changing rules. The majority of the interviewed experimental children indicated that they like playing modified games where rules could be changed, and their attitudes toward games had been favourably altered as a result of playing the modified games.
