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Children Solving Analogical Problems
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Book Synopsis Analogical Reasoning in Children by : Usha Goswami
Download or read book Analogical Reasoning in Children written by Usha Goswami and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a long time researchers have believed that children are incapable of reasoning by analogy. This book argues that this is far from the case, and that analogical reasoning may be available very early in development.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Problem Solving by : Janet E. Davidson
Download or read book The Psychology of Problem Solving written by Janet E. Davidson and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-09 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Problems are a central part of human life. The Psychology of Problem Solving organizes in one volume much of what psychologists know about problem solving and the factors that contribute to its success or failure. There are chapters by leading experts in this field, including Miriam Bassok, Randall Engle, Anders Ericsson, Arthur Graesser, Keith Stanovich, Norbert Schwarz, and Barry Zimmerman, among others. The Psychology of Problem Solving is divided into four parts. Following an introduction that reviews the nature of problems and the history and methods of the field, Part II focuses on individual differences in, and the influence of, the abilities and skills that humans bring to problem situations. Part III examines motivational and emotional states and cognitive strategies that influence problem solving performance, while Part IV summarizes and integrates the various views of problem solving proposed in the preceding chapters.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development by : Marc H. Bornstein
Download or read book The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development written by Marc H. Bornstein and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 2616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lifespan human development is the study of all aspects of biological, physical, cognitive, socioemotional, and contextual development from conception to the end of life. In approximately 800 signed articles by experts from a wide diversity of fields, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Lifespan Human Development explores all individual and situational factors related to human development across the lifespan. Some of the broad thematic areas will include: Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Aging Behavioral and Developmental Disorders Cognitive Development Community and Culture Early and Middle Childhood Education through the Lifespan Genetics and Biology Gender and Sexuality Life Events Mental Health through the Lifespan Research Methods in Lifespan Development Speech and Language Across the Lifespan Theories and Models of Development. This five-volume encyclopedia promises to be an authoritative, discipline-defining work for students and researchers seeking to become familiar with various approaches, theories, and empirical findings about human development broadly construed, as well as past and current research.
Book Synopsis The Analogical Mind by : Dedre Gentner
Download or read book The Analogical Mind written by Dedre Gentner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2001-03-02 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogy has been the focus of extensive research in cognitive science over the past two decades. Through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. Indeed, a case can be made for analogical processing as the very core of cognition. This is the first book to span the full range of disciplines concerned with analogy. Its contributors represent cognitive, developmental, and comparative psychology; neuroscience; artificial intelligence; linguistics; and philosophy. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes computational models of analogy as well as their relation to computational models of other cognitive processes. The second part addresses the role of analogy in a wide range of cognitive tasks, such as forming complex cognitive structures, conveying emotion, making decisions, and solving problems. The third part looks at the development of analogy in children and the possible use of analogy in nonhuman primates. Contributors Miriam Bassok, Consuelo B. Boronat, Brian Bowdle, Fintan Costello, Kevin Dunbar, Gilles Fauconnier, Kenneth D. Forbus, Dedre Gentner, Usha Goswami, Brett Gray, Graeme S. Halford, Douglas Hofstadter, Keith J. Holyoak, John E. Hummel, Mark T. Keane, Boicho N. Kokinov, Arthur B. Markman, C. Page Moreau, David L. Oden, Alexander A. Petrov, Steven Phillips, David Premack, Cameron Shelley, Paul Thagard, Roger K.R. Thompson, William H. Wilson, Phillip Wolff
Book Synopsis Analogical Reasoning by : D H Helman
Download or read book Analogical Reasoning written by D H Helman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Children's Understanding by : Graeme S. Halford
Download or read book Children's Understanding written by Graeme S. Halford and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work argues that cognitive development is experience driven, and processes entailed in acquiring information about the world are analyzed based on recent models of learning and induction. The way information is represented and accessed when performing cognitive tasks is considered paying particular attention to the implications of Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) models for cognitive development. The first half of the book contains analyses of human reasoning processes (drawing on PDP models of analogy), development of strategies, and task complexity -- all based on aspects of PDP representations. It is proposed that PDP representations become more differentiated with age, so more vectors can be processed in parallel, with the result that structures of greater complexity can be processed. This model gives an account of previously unexplained difficulties in children's reasoning, including some which were influential in stage theories. The second half of the book examines processes entailed in some representative cognitive developmental tasks, including transitive inference, deductive inference (categorical syllogisms), hypothesis testing, learning set acquisition, acquisition and transfer of relational structures, humor, hierarchical classification and inclusion, understanding of quantity, arithmetic word problems, algebra, conservation, mechanics, and the concept of mind. Process accounts of tasks are emphasized, based on applications of recent developments in cognitive science.
Book Synopsis Analogical Reasoning in Children by : Usha Goswami
Download or read book Analogical Reasoning in Children written by Usha Goswami and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-10-23 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analogical reasoning is a fundamental cognitive skill, involved in classification, learning, problem-solving and creative thinking, and should be a basic building block of cognitive development. However, for a long time researchers have believed that children are incapable of reasoning by analogy. This book argues that this is far from the case, and that analogical reasoning may be available very early in development. Recent research has shown that even 3-year-olds can solve analogies, and that infants can reason about relational similarity, which is the hallmark of analogy. The book traces the roots of the popular misconceptions about children's analogical abilities and argues that when children fail to use analogies, it is because they do not understand the relations underlying the analogy rather than because they are incapable of analogical reasoning. The author argues that young children spontaneously use analogies in learning, and that their analogies can sometimes lead them into misconceptions. In the "real worlds" of their classrooms, children use analogies when learning basic skills like reading, and even babies seem to use analogies to learn about the world around them.
Book Synopsis Math Analogies Level 1 by : Linda Brumbaugh
Download or read book Math Analogies Level 1 written by Linda Brumbaugh and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Children Solving Problems by : Stephanie THORNTON
Download or read book Children Solving Problems written by Stephanie THORNTON and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-year-old attempting to build a tower of blocks may bring the pile crashing down, yet her five-year-old sister accomplishes this task with ease. Why do young children have difficulty with problems that present no real challenge to older children? How do problem-solving skills develop? In Children Solving Problems, Stephanie Thornton surveys recent research from a broad range of perspectives in order to explore this important question. What Thornton finds may come as a surprise: successful problem-solving depends less on how smart we are--or, as the pioneering psychologist Jean Piaget claimed, how advanced our skill in logical reasoning is--and more on the factual knowledge we acquire as we learn and interpret cues from the world around us. Problem-solving skills evolve through experience and dynamic interaction with a problem. But equally important--as the Russian psychologist L. S. Vygotsky proposed--is social interaction. Successful problem-solving is a social process. Sharing problem-solving tasks--with skilled adults and with other children--is vital to a child's growth in expertise and confidence. In problem-solving, confidence can be more important than skill. In a real sense, problem-solving lies at the heart of what we mean by intelligence. The ability to identify a goal, to work out how to achieve it, and to carry out that plan is the essence of every intelligent activity. Could it be, Thornton suggests, that problem-solving processes provide the fundamental machinery for cognitive development? In Children Solving Problems she synthesizes the dramatic insights and findings of post-Piagetian research and sets the agenda for the next stage in understanding the varied phenomena of children's problem-solving.
Book Synopsis Ecological Approaches to Cognition by : Eugene Winograd
Download or read book Ecological Approaches to Cognition written by Eugene Winograd and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is far more than a festschrift; it is a reflection of Neisser's profound impact on theory and methodology in many subdisciplines of psychology. This book will be of value to all cognitive, developmental, and ecological psychologists.
Book Synopsis Across the Great Divide by : Zhe Chen
Download or read book Across the Great Divide written by Zhe Chen and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2000-06-08 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on very young children's cognitive development differs greatly from research on cognitive development in older children. The differences include the questions asked, the methods used, the measure employed to provide evidence, and the level of detail at which children's knowledge is represented. The approaches have been so different that it creates the impression that infants' and toddlers' thinking differs qualitatively from that of pre-schoolers and other children. This monograph presents a detailed study of toddlers' problem solving and learning, using microgenetic methods and analyses that have been used with older children. The conclusion is that the gap can be bridged and that theories, methods, measures, and representations of knowledge typically used with older children can improve our understanding of toddlers' problem solving and learning as well.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning by : Keith J. Holyoak, Ph.D.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning written by Keith J. Holyoak, Ph.D. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning brings together the contributions of many of the leading researchers in thinking and reasoning to create the most comprehensive overview of research on thinking and reasoning that has ever been available. Each chapter includes a bit of historical perspective on the topic, and concludes with some thoughts about where the field seems to be heading.
Book Synopsis Critical Readings on Piaget by : Leslie Smith
Download or read book Critical Readings on Piaget written by Leslie Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-26 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical Readings on Piaget is a follow-up to Piaget: Critical Assessments a collection of eighty-three papers dealing with the critique of Piaget's work in psychology, education and philosophy during the period 1950-90. This new collection tracks developments in the most recent published work during the period 1990-95, with an integral guide and editorial commentary by Leslie Smith. Starting with Piaget's epistemology, a major intellectual resource in departmental psychology and eduction, Leslie Smith sets out the main elements of Piaget's position in relation to twenty one papers, dealing with equilibration and equilibrium, education and social development, reasoning development, number development and modal knowledge. A conclusion examines the psychological and educational assessment of Piaget's epistemology. This collection of distinctive studies during the last five years provides high-profile and engaging examples from current research in this area. It will provide a useful and compact text for undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers.
Book Synopsis Children's Thinking by : David F. Bjorklund
Download or read book Children's Thinking written by David F. Bjorklund and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-01-04 with total page 721 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sixth Edition of David F. Bjorklund and Kayla B. Causey’s topically organized Children’s Thinking presents a current, comprehensive, and dynamic examination of cognitive development. The book covers individual children and their developmental journeys while also following the general paths of overall cognitive development in children. This unique and effective approach gives readers a holistic view of children’s cognitive development, acknowledging that while no two children are exactly alike, they tend to follow similar developmental patterns. Supported by the latest research studies and data, the Sixth Edition provides valuable insights for readers to better understand and work with children.
Download or read book Beyond IQ written by Robert J. Sternberg and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1985 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond I.Q.: A Triarchic Theory of Human Intelligence contends that the influence of certain psychological factors upon intelligence is strong enough to be considered highly significant in the evaluation of I.Q. The triarchic theory of human intelligence, accordingly, reaches "beyond I.Q".
Book Synopsis Mathematical and Analogical Reasoning of Young Learners by : Lyn D. English
Download or read book Mathematical and Analogical Reasoning of Young Learners written by Lyn D. English and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-07-19 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical and Analogical Reasoning of Young Learners provides foundational knowledge of the nature, development, and assessment of mathematical and analogical reasoning in young children. Reasoning is fundamental to understanding mathematics and is identified as one of the 10 key standards for school mathematics for the new millennium. The book draws on longitudinal and cross-cultural studies, conducted in the United States and Australia, of children's reasoning development as they progressed from preschool through the end of second grade. The multifaceted analysis of young children's development of mathematical and analogical reasoning focuses on individual learners, their learning environments, and the interaction between the two. The multidisciplinary team of authors present multiple perspectives and multiple methodologies, and provide valuable information on organizing and sustaining interdisciplinary and cross-cultural inquiry. Key issues addressed include: *the relationship between mathematical and analogical reasoning; *how changes in children's reasoning relate to the implicit instruction they receive in their classrooms; *analyses of the participating teachers' knowledge, beliefs, and practices with respect to mathematical and analogical reasoning of young learners; and *ways in which we might promote development of mathematical and analogical reasoning in young children. This volume is highly relevant for mathematics educators, researchers in mathematics education, educational psychologists, early childhood teachers, and others interested in mathematical development of young children, in particular, the development of their reasoning processes.
Book Synopsis Mathematical Reasoning by : Lyn D. English
Download or read book Mathematical Reasoning written by Lyn D. English and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we reason with mathematical ideas continues to be a fascinating and challenging topic of research--particularly with the rapid and diverse developments in the field of cognitive science that have taken place in recent years. Because it draws on multiple disciplines, including psychology, philosophy, computer science, linguistics, and anthropology, cognitive science provides rich scope for addressing issues that are at the core of mathematical learning. Drawing upon the interdisciplinary nature of cognitive science, this book presents a broadened perspective on mathematics and mathematical reasoning. It represents a move away from the traditional notion of reasoning as "abstract" and "disembodied", to the contemporary view that it is "embodied" and "imaginative." From this perspective, mathematical reasoning involves reasoning with structures that emerge from our bodily experiences as we interact with the environment; these structures extend beyond finitary propositional representations. Mathematical reasoning is imaginative in the sense that it utilizes a number of powerful, illuminating devices that structure these concrete experiences and transform them into models for abstract thought. These "thinking tools"--analogy, metaphor, metonymy, and imagery--play an important role in mathematical reasoning, as the chapters in this book demonstrate, yet their potential for enhancing learning in the domain has received little recognition. This book is an attempt to fill this void. Drawing upon backgrounds in mathematics education, educational psychology, philosophy, linguistics, and cognitive science, the chapter authors provide a rich and comprehensive analysis of mathematical reasoning. New and exciting perspectives are presented on the nature of mathematics (e.g., "mind-based mathematics"), on the array of powerful cognitive tools for reasoning (e.g., "analogy and metaphor"), and on the different ways these tools can facilitate mathematical reasoning. Examples are drawn from the reasoning of the preschool child to that of the adult learner.
