Chicana O Struggles For Education

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Chicana/o Struggles for Education

Author : Guadalupe San Miguel
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 160344937X
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicana/o Struggles for Education by : Guadalupe San Miguel

Download or read book Chicana/o Struggles for Education written by Guadalupe San Miguel and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the history of Mexican American educational reform efforts has focused on campaigns to eliminate discrimination in public schools. However, as historian Guadalupe San Miguel demonstrates in Chicana/o Struggles for Education: Activisim in the Community, the story is much broader and more varied than that. While activists certainly challenged discrimination, they also worked for specific public school reforms and sought private schooling opportunities, utilizing new patterns of contestation and advocacy. In documenting and reviewing these additional strategies, San Miguel’s nuanced overview and analysis offers enhanced insight into the quest for equal educational opportunity to new generations of students. San Miguel addresses questions such as what factors led to change in the 1960s and in later years; who the individuals and organizations were that led the movements in this period and what motivated them to get involved; and what strategies were pursued, how they were chosen, and how successful they were. He argues that while Chicana/o activists continued to challenge school segregation in the 1960s as earlier generations had, they broadened their efforts to address new concerns such as school funding, testing, English-only curricula, the exclusion of undocumented immigrants, and school closings. They also advocated cultural pride and memory, inclusion of the Mexican American community in school governance, and opportunities to seek educational excellence in private religious, nationalist, and secular schools. The profusion of strategies has not erased patterns of de facto segregation and unequal academic achievement, San Miguel concludes, but it has played a key role in expanding educational opportunities. The actions he describes have expanded, extended, and diversified the historic struggle for Mexican American education.

Blowout!

Author : Mario T. García
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807877913
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Blowout! by : Mario T. García

Download or read book Blowout! written by Mario T. García and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March 1968, thousands of Chicano students walked out of their East Los Angeles high schools and middle schools to protest decades of inferior and discriminatory education in the so-called "Mexican Schools." During these historic walkouts, or "blowouts," the students were led by Sal Castro, a courageous and charismatic Mexican American teacher who encouraged the students to make their grievances public after school administrators and school board members failed to listen to them. The resulting blowouts sparked the beginning of the urban Chicano Movement of the late 1960s and early 1970s, the largest and most widespread civil rights protests by Mexican Americans in U.S. history. This fascinating testimonio, or oral history, transcribed and presented in Castro's voice by historian Mario T. Garcia, is a compelling, highly readable narrative of a young boy growing up in Los Angeles who made history by his leadership in the blowouts and in his career as a dedicated and committed teacher. Blowout! fills a major void in the history of the civil rights and Chicano movements of the 1960s, particularly the struggle for educational justice.

Chicano Students and the Courts

Author : Richard R Valencia
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814788254
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicano Students and the Courts by : Richard R Valencia

Download or read book Chicano Students and the Courts written by Richard R Valencia and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1925 Adolfo ‘Babe’ Romo, a Mexican American rancher in Tempe, Arizona, filed suit against his school district on behalf of his four young children, who were forced to attend a markedly low-quality segregated school, and won. But Romo v. Laird was just the beginning. Some sources rank Mexican Americans as one of the most poorly educated ethnic groups in the United States. Chicano Students and the Courts is a comprehensive look at this community’s long-standing legal struggle for better schools and educational equality. Through the lens of critical race theory, Valencia details why and how Mexican American parents and their children have been forced to resort to legal action. Chicano Students and the Courts engages the many areas that have spurred Mexican Americans to legal battle, including school segregation, financing, special education, bilingual education, school closures, undocumented students, higher education financing, and high-stakes testing, ultimately situating these legal efforts in the broader scope of the Mexican American community’s overall struggle for the right to an equal education. Extensively researched, and written by an author with firsthand experience in the courtroom as an expert witness in Mexican American education cases, this volume is the first to provide an in-depth understanding of the intersection of litigation and education vis-à-vis Mexican Americans.

Chicano Education in the Era of Segregation

Author : Gilbert G. Gonzalez
Publisher : University of North Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1574415018
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicano Education in the Era of Segregation by : Gilbert G. Gonzalez

Download or read book Chicano Education in the Era of Segregation written by Gilbert G. Gonzalez and published by University of North Texas Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published: Philadelphia: Balch Institute Press, 1990.

Brown, Not White

Author : Guadalupe San Miguel
Publisher : Texas A&M University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781585444939
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis Brown, Not White by : Guadalupe San Miguel

Download or read book Brown, Not White written by Guadalupe San Miguel and published by Texas A&M University Press. This book was released on 2005-10-26 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strikes, boycotts, rallies, negotiations, and litigation marked the efforts of Mexican-origin community members to achieve educational opportunity and oppose discrimination in Houston schools in the early 1970s. These responses were sparked by the effort of the Houston Independent School District to circumvent a court order for desegregation by classifying Mexican American children as "white" and integrating them with African American children—leaving Anglos in segregated schools. Gaining legal recognition for Mexican Americans as a minority group became the only means for fighting this kind of discrimination. The struggle for legal recognition not only reflected an upsurge in organizing within the community but also generated a shift in consciousness and identity. In Brown, Not White Guadalupe San Miguel, Jr., astutely traces the evolution of the community's political activism in education during the Chicano Movement era of the early 1970s. San Miguel also identifies the important implications of this struggle for Mexican Americans and for public education. First, he demonstrates, the political mobilization in Houston underscored the emergence of a new type of grassroots ethnic leadership committed to community empowerment and to inclusiveness of diverse ideological interests within the minority community. Second, it signaled a shift in the activist community's identity from the assimilationist "Mexican American Generation" to the rising Chicano Movement with its "nationalist" ideology. Finally, it introduced Mexican American interests into educational policy making in general and into the national desegregation struggles in particular. This important study will engage those interested in public school policy, as well as scholars of Mexican American history and the history of desegregation in America.

The Chicana/o Education Pipeline

Author : Michaela J. L. Mares-Tamayo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780895511669
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chicana/o Education Pipeline by : Michaela J. L. Mares-Tamayo

Download or read book The Chicana/o Education Pipeline written by Michaela J. L. Mares-Tamayo and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthology of articles from Aztlâan: A Journal of Chicano Studies that focus on the education of Chicana/os and Latina/os. Articles appeared in the journal between 1973 and 2014.

Working from Within

Author : Luis Urrieta
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 9780816529179
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (291 download)

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Book Synopsis Working from Within by : Luis Urrieta

Download or read book Working from Within written by Luis Urrieta and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2010-01-30 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining approaches from anthropology and cultural studies, Working from Within examines how issues of identity, agency, and social movements shape the lives of Chicana and Chicano activist educators in U.S. schools. Luis Urrieta Jr. skillfully utilizes the cultural concepts of positioning, figured worlds, and self-authorship, along with Chicano Studies and Chicana feminist frameworks, to tell the story of twenty-four Mexican Americans who have successfully navigated school systems as students and later as activist educators. Working from Within is one of the first books to show how identity is linked to agency--individually and collectively--for Chicanas and Chicanos in education. Urrieta set out to answer linked questions: How do Chicanas and Chicanos negotiate identity, ideology, and activism within educational institutions that are often socially, culturally, linguistically, emotionally, and psychologically alienating? Analyzing in-depth interviews with twenty-four educators, Urrieta offers vivid narratives that show how activist identities are culturally produced through daily negotiations. UrrietaÕs work details the struggles of activist Chicana and Chicano educators to raise consciousness in a wide range of educational settings, from elementary schools to colleges. Overall, Urrieta addresses important questions about what it means to work for social justice from within institutions, and he explores the dialogic spaces between the alternatives of reproduction and resistance. In doing so, he highlights the continuity of Chicana and Chicano social movement, the relevance of gender, and the importance of autochthonous frameworks in understanding contemporary activism. Finally, he shows that it is possible for minority activist educators to thrive in a variety of institutional settings while maintaining strong ties to their communities.

Marching Students

Author : Margarita Berta-Avila
Publisher : University of Nevada Press
ISBN 13 : 0874178614
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (741 download)

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Book Synopsis Marching Students by : Margarita Berta-Avila

Download or read book Marching Students written by Margarita Berta-Avila and published by University of Nevada Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1968 over 10,000 Chicana/o high school students in East Los Angeles walked out of their schools in the first major protest against racism and educational inequality staged by Mexican Americans in the United States. They ignited the Mexican-American civil rights movement, which opened the doors to higher education and equal opportunity in employment for Mexican Americans and other Latinos previously excluded. Marching Students is a collaborative effort by Chicana/o scholars in several fields to place the 1968 walkouts and Chicana and Chicano Civil Rights Movement in historical context, highlighting the contribution of Chicana/o educators, students, and community activists to minority education. Contributors: Alejandro Covarrubias, Xico González, Eracleo Guevara, Adriana Katzew, Lilia R. De Katzew, Rita Kohli, Edward M. Olivos, Alejo Padilla, Carmen E. Quintana, Evelyn M. Rangel-Medina, Marianna Rivera, Daniel G. Solórzano, Carlos Tejeda

The Elusive Quest for Equality

Author : José F. Moreno
Publisher : Harvard Education Press
ISBN 13 : 1612500730
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis The Elusive Quest for Equality by : José F. Moreno

Download or read book The Elusive Quest for Equality written by José F. Moreno and published by Harvard Education Press. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Elusive Quest for Equality documents both the plight and the struggle of Chicano communities over the past 150 years, using the guiding themes of segregation, Americanization, and resistance in the history of education for Chicanos/Chicanas. The history of the Chicano community's quest for educational equality is long and rich. Since the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo formalized the conquest of half of Mexico's territory into what is now the U.S. Southwest, Chicanos have fought to claim what was promised them in the Treaty—the enjoyment of all the rights of U.S. citizens. In terms of education, they certainly have never had equal access, opportunity, or resources, despite legal victories. In this volume, some of the leading scholars analyze why the quest for equality in education has remained so elusive. They do so by documenting both the plight and the struggle of Chicano communities over the past 150 years, using the guiding themes of the role of language, segregation, Americanization, and resistance in the history of education for Chicanos/Chicanas. "In the cover painting of this book, Manuel Hernandez Trujillo captures...the dualistic nature of the U.S. conquest of Northern Mexico, reflecting both the losses and opportunities represented in his camino de espinas (road of thorns). This tension between cynicism and optimism pervades the essays in this volume...something I see over and over again in discussions that focus on the significance of race in a democratic society. To what extent does the past determine our future, and to what degree do our own expectations of the future influence our interpretations of the past? It seems to me that these two interdependent questions continue to shape both our experience as Chicanos/Chicanas and our understanding of what it means to be Chicano/Chicana in the United States at the end of the twentieth century." Manuel N. Gómez, Vice Chancellor, Student Services, University of California, Irvine, from the Foreword

Chicano Students and the Courts

Author : Richard R. Valencia
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814788300
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicano Students and the Courts by : Richard R. Valencia

Download or read book Chicano Students and the Courts written by Richard R. Valencia and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1925 Adolfo ‘Babe’ Romo, a Mexican American rancher in Tempe, Arizona, filed suit against his school district on behalf of his four young children, who were forced to attend a markedly low-quality segregated school, and won. But Romo v. Laird was just the beginning. Some sources rank Mexican Americans as one of the most poorly educated ethnic groups in the United States. Chicano Students and the Courts is a comprehensive look at this community’s long-standing legal struggle for better schools and educational equality. Through the lens of critical race theory, Valencia details why and how Mexican American parents and their children have been forced to resort to legal action. Chicano Students and the Courts engages the many areas that have spurred Mexican Americans to legal battle, including school segregation, financing, special education, bilingual education, school closures, undocumented students, higher education financing, and high-stakes testing, ultimately situating these legal efforts in the broader scope of the Mexican American community’s overall struggle for the right to an equal education. Extensively researched, and written by an author with firsthand experience in the courtroom as an expert witness in Mexican American education cases, this volume is the first to provide an in-depth understanding of the intersection of litigation and education vis-à-vis Mexican Americans.

Starving for Justice

Author : Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816532583
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Starving for Justice by : Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval

Download or read book Starving for Justice written by Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on three hunger strikes occurring on university campuses in California in the 1990s, Ralph Armbruster-Sandoval examines people's willingness to make the extreme sacrifice and give their lives in order to create a more just society.

Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement

Author : F. Arturo Rosales
Publisher : Arte Publico Press
ISBN 13 : 9781611920949
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement by : F. Arturo Rosales

Download or read book Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement written by F. Arturo Rosales and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chicano! The History of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement is the most comprehensive account of the arduous struggle by Mexican Americans to secure and protect their civil rights. It is also a companion volume to the critically acclaimed, four-part documentary series of the same title, which is now available on video from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Both this published volume and the video series are a testament to the Mexican American communityÍs hard-fought battle for social and legal equality as well as political and cultural identity. Since the United States-Mexico War, 1846-1848, Mexican Americans have striven to achieve full rights as citizens. From peaceful resistance and violent demonstrations, when their rights were ignored or abused, to the establishment of support organizations to carry on the struggle and the formation of labor unions to provide a united voice, the movement grew in strength and in numbers. However, it was during the 1960s and 1970s that the campaign exploded into a nationwide groundswell of Mexican Americans laying claim, once and for all, to their civil rights and asserting their cultural heritage. They took a name that had been used disparagingly against them for yearsChicanoand fashioned it into a battle cry, a term of pride, affirmation and struggle. Aimed at a broad general audience as well as college and high school students, Chicano! focuses on four themes: land, labor, educational reform and government. With solid research, accessible language and historical photographs, this volume highlights individuals, issues and pivotal developments that culminated in and comprised a landmark period for the second largest ethnic minority in the United States. Chicano! is a compelling monument to the individuals and events that transformed society.

Critical Race Counterstories along the Chicana/Chicano Educational Pipeline

Author : Tara J. Yosso
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136082581
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Race Counterstories along the Chicana/Chicano Educational Pipeline by : Tara J. Yosso

Download or read book Critical Race Counterstories along the Chicana/Chicano Educational Pipeline written by Tara J. Yosso and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chicanas/os are part of the youngest, largest, and fastest growing racial/ethnic 'minority' population in the United States, yet at every schooling level, they suffer the lowest educational outcomes of any racial/ethnic group. Using a 'counterstorytelling' methodology, Tara Yosso debunks racialized myths that blame the victims for these unequal educational outcomes and redirects our focus toward historical patterns of institutional neglect. She artfully interweaves empirical data and theoretical arguments with engaging narratives that expose and analyse racism as it functions to limit access and opportunity for Chicana/o students. By humanising the need to transform our educational system, Yosso offers an accessible tool for teaching and learning about the problems and possibilities present along the Chicano/a educational pipeline.

Transforming Educational Pathways for Chicana/o Students

Author : Dolores Delgado Bernal
Publisher : Teachers College Press
ISBN 13 : 0807775045
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming Educational Pathways for Chicana/o Students by : Dolores Delgado Bernal

Download or read book Transforming Educational Pathways for Chicana/o Students written by Dolores Delgado Bernal and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book chronicles a 10-year journey to develop and sustain Adelante, a university-school-community partnership designed specifically to address public education’s failure to meet the needs of students of color, particularly Chicana/o students. The authors examine the persistent barriers, mistakes, challenges, and successes that emerged in their community-based partnership with elementary school students, college students, teachers, parents, and educational leaders. Intertwining critical race theories with Chicana feminist theories, they propose a “critical race feminista praxis” and provide real-world examples of what this praxis can look like in the context of a racialized, gendered, and colonial landscape. The book offers practical advice and theoretical insight to those interested in disrupting pervasive inequities that shape the (mis)education of marginalized students. Book Features: Fills a void about how to engage in activist scholarship by describing concrete strategies and practices employed by the authors. Offers theoretical contributions through the braiding together of critical race and Chicana feminist theories. Proposes a partnership model for working with communities of color that promotes pathways to higher education. “Theoretically cutting-edge and with practical on-the-ground application, Transforming Educational Pathways is a brilliant example of how university–school–community collaborations can be reshaped into transformative praxis in the education of Chicanx, Latinx students. The balanced combination of community-engaged work and scholar-activist research in this groundbreaking book powerfully move us further in the spiritual journey of reimagining and transforming the inequities of educational institutions for Chicanx, Latinx students and their families and communities.” —Luis Urrieta, professor, The University of Texas at Austin “Delgado Bernal and Aleman start and end with the transformative idea that all students should be expected to attend college from their earliest experiences in public education—kindergarten. By challenging the deficit notions surrounding Chicana/o students and their communities, the authors provide the most compelling asset-based and theoretically grounded university–community partnership program I’ve seen in the K–8 sector.” —Daniel G. Solorzano, professor, University of California, Los Angeles “Transforming Educational Pathways for Chicana/o Students is a compelling and intimate account of the development of Adelante, an innovative university–school partnership. It is also an inspiring story of the impact of culturally affirming and anticolonial education on Latina/o children and their teachers, university student mentors, and parents. The process of changing deficit-based school culture is a difficult one, as the book shows. Yet, drawing on Gloria Anzaldúa’s feminist theorizing, Delgado Bernal and Alemán offer a theory of school change where collisions, difficult solidarities, and transformative moments constitute a praxis of hope, imagination, and social justice.” —Sofia Villenas, professor, Cornell University

Aztlán Arizona

Author : Darius V. Echeverría
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816598975
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Aztlán Arizona by : Darius V. Echeverría

Download or read book Aztlán Arizona written by Darius V. Echeverría and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aztlán Arizona is a history of the Chicano Movement in Arizona in the 1960s and 1970s. Focusing on community and student activism in Phoenix and Tucson, Darius V. Echeverría ties the Arizona events to the larger Chicano and civil rights movements against the backdrop of broad societal shifts that occurred throughout the country. Arizona’s unique role in the movement came from its (public) schools, which were the primary source of Chicano activism against the inequities in the judicial, social, economic, medical, political, and educational arenas. The word Aztlán, originally meaning the legendary ancestral home of the Nahua peoples of Mesoamerica, was adopted as a symbol of independence by Chicano/a activists during the movement of the 1960s and 1970s. In an era when poverty, prejudice, and considerable oppositional forces blighted the lives of roughly one-fifth of Arizonans, the author argues that understanding those societal realities is essential to defining the rise and power of the Chicano Movement. The book illustrates how Mexican American communities fostered a togetherness that ultimately modified larger Arizona society by revamping the educational history of the region. The concluding chapter outlines key Mexican American individuals and organizations that became politically active in order to address Chicano educational concerns. This Chicano unity, reflected in student, parent, and community leadership organizations, helped break barriers, dispel the Mexican American inferiority concept, and create educational change that benefited all Arizonans. No other scholar has examined the emergence of Chicano Movement politics and its related school reform efforts in Arizona. Echeverría’s thorough research, rich in scope and interpretation, is coupled with detailed and exact endnotes. The book helps readers understand the issues surrounding the Chicano Movement educational reform and ethnic identity. Equally important, the author shows how residual effects of these dynamics are still pertinent today in places such as Tucson.

Chicano Empowerment and Bilingual Education

Author : Armando L. Trujillo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317776577
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (177 download)

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Book Synopsis Chicano Empowerment and Bilingual Education by : Armando L. Trujillo

Download or read book Chicano Empowerment and Bilingual Education written by Armando L. Trujillo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1999. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Raza Studies

Author : Julio Cammarota
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816598835
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Raza Studies by : Julio Cammarota

Download or read book Raza Studies written by Julio Cammarota and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2014-02-27 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The well-known and controversial Mexican American studies (MAS) program in Arizona’s Tucson Unified School District set out to create an equitable and excellent educational experience for Latino students. Raza Studies: The Public Option for Educational Revolution offers the first comprehensive account of this progressive—indeed revolutionary—program by those who created it, implemented it, and have struggled to protect it. Inspired by Paulo Freire’s vision for critical pedagogy and Chicano activists of the 1960s, the designers of the program believed their program would encourage academic achievement and engagement by Mexican American students. With chapters by leading scholars, this volume explains how the program used “critically compassionate intellectualism” to help students become “transformative intellectuals” who successfully worked to improve their level of academic achievement, as well as create social change in their schools and communities. Despite its popularity and success inverting the achievement gap, in 2010 Arizona state legislators introduced and passed legislation with the intent of banning MAS or any similar curriculum in public schools. Raza Studies is a passionate defense of the program in the face of heated local and national attention. It recounts how one program dared to venture to a world of possibility, hope, and struggle, and offers compelling evidence of success for social justice education programs.