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Author : Xiaolin Hou
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788755037304
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (373 download)
Download or read book Chemical Speciation of Long-lived Radionuclides in the Environment written by Xiaolin Hou and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Clemens Walther
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331922171X
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Author : Clemens Walther
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783319221724
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (217 download)
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclide s ar e removed from plants by the airstream and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Download or read book Chemical speciation of long-lived radionuclide technetium-99 and its environmental behaviour written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jukka Lehto
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527633022
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Chemistry and Analysis of Radionuclides written by Jukka Lehto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.
Author : Peter Warwick (Prof.)
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 9780854046188
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (461 download)
Download or read book Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II written by Peter Warwick (Prof.) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2003 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II brings together comprehensive, up-to-date information from international experts in the field. Coverage includes information on new methods of radionuclide analyses, developments and improvements in existing methods, method comparisons, gamma detector performance and new software products, method uncertainty, underground laboratory facilities, method QA and QC, field studies covering colloid work, in-situ injection into rock strata and sampling of reduced waters for actinide assay. This stimulating, authoritative text makes essential reading for practising radioanalysts and provides valuable information for researchers and professionals in academia and industry.
Download or read book Chemical Behavior of Long-lived Radionuclides in the Marine Environment written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurements of long-lived radionuclides in the marine environment have provided a wealth of information regarding the physical, biological, and chemical processes which control the behavior of these and many other pollutants in the oceans. Their value as tracers for the dispersion, transport, and fate of pollutants in the oceans is largely dependent on the chemical properties of each individual radioelement. Differences in these properties, particularly in relation to their interaction with biotic or abiotic particulate matter, result in the separation of parent-daughter radioisotopes in the natural radioelement series or in changes in the ratios of fission and activation products. Such differences have provided the means to provide time scales for a variey of transport processes and to determine sedimentation rates. The properties of these radionuclides in the oceans can, in general, be predicted from the chemical properties of the stable elements. For those elements such as plutonium, for which there are no naturally-occurring stable isotopes, studies of their distribution in the oceans have provided a new important understanding of their chemical behavior. This behavior has not always agreed with what would have been predicted from laboratory studies carried out at far higher concentrations. Differences between observed distributions and laboratory predictions have highlighted the importance of correct experimental conditions in order to avoid confusing experimental artifacts. The interaction of radionuclides with particles in the oceans and marine sediments can be described in terms of simple ion exchange or adsorption equilibria.
Author : David A. Atwood
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118632699
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by David A. Atwood and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear energy is the one energy source that could meet the world's growing energy needs and provide a smooth transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy in the coming decades and centuries. It is becoming abundantly clear that an increase in nuclear energy capacity will, and probably must, take place. However, nuclear energy and the use of radionuclides for civilian and military purposes lead to extremely long-lived waste that is costly and highly problematic to deal with. Therefore, it is critically important ot understand the environmental implications of radionuclides for ecosystems and human health if nuclear energy is to be used to avoid the impending global energy crisis. The present volume of the EIC Books series addresses this critical need by providing fundamental information on environmentally significant radionuclides. The content of this book was developed in collaboration with many of the authors of the chapters. Given the enormity of the subject the Editor and the Authors had to be judicious in selecting the chapters that would appropriately encompass and describe the primary topics, particularly those that are of importance to the health of ecosystems and humans. The resulting chapters were chosen to provide this information in a book of useful and appropriate length. Each chapter provides fundamental information on the chemistry of the radionuclides, their occurrence and movement in the enivornment, separation and analyses, and the technologies needed for their remediation and mitigation. The chapters are structured with a common, systematic format in order to facilitate comparions between elements and groups of elements. About EIC Books The Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (EIC) has proved to be one of the defining standards in inorganic chemistry, and most chemistry libraries around the world have access either to the first of second print editon, or to the online version. Many readers, however, prefer to have more concise thematic volumes, targeted to their specific area of interest. This feedback from EIC readers has encouraged the Editors to plan a series of EIC Books, focusing on topics of current interest. They will appear on a regular basis, and will feature leading scholars in their fields. Like the Encyclopedia, EIC Books aims to provide both the starting research student and the confirmed research worker with a critical distillation of the leading concepts in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry, and provide a structured entry into the fields covered. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.
Author : Commission of the European Communities
Publisher : Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 856 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Environmental Migration of Long-lived Radionuclides written by Commission of the European Communities and published by Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 1982 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Environmental Migration of Long-lived Radionuclides written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G M. Desmet
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Chemical speciation and bioavailability of elements in the environment and their relevance to radioecology written by G M. Desmet and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The commonly used terms 'chemical speciation' and 'bioavailability' are discussed and an attempt made to produce both qualitative and quantitative descriptions of their influence on the transfer of elements in the environment. The importance of considering the presence of the many different species of radionuclides which may occur in the environment is emphasized. The limitations of using concentration ratios, which take no account of the differing bioavailability of various chemical species of radionuclides, are discussed.
Author : International Conference on Low Level Measurements of Actinides and Long Lived Radionuclides in Biological and Environmental Samples
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (247 download)
Download or read book Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Low-Level Measurements of Actinides and Long-Lived Radionuclides in Biological and Environmental Samples : COGEMA-La Hague, Cherbourg, France, September 9 - 13, 1996 written by International Conference on Low Level Measurements of Actinides and Long Lived Radionuclides in Biological and Environmental Samples and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Chemical Speciation of Radionuclides Migrating in Groundwaters written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to more accurately predict the rates and mechanisms of radionuclide migration from low-level waste disposal facilities via groundwater transport, ongoing studies are being conducted at field sites at Chalk River Laboratories to identify and characterize the chemical speciation of mobile, long-lived radionuclides migrating in groundwaters. Large-volume water sampling techniques are being utilized to separate and concentrate radionuclides into particular, cationic, anionic, and nonionic chemical forms. Most radionuclides are migrating as soluble, anionic species that appear to be predominantly organoradionuclide complexes. Laboratory studies utilizing anion exchange chromatography have separated several anionically complexed radionuclides, e.g., 6°Co and 1°6Ru, into a number of specific compounds or groups of compounds. Further identification of the anionic organoradionuclide complexes is planned utilizing high resolution mass spectrometry. Large-volume ultra-filtration experiments are characterizing the particulate forms of radionuclides being transported in these groundwaters.
Author : A. M. Ure
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 140514730X
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (51 download)
Download or read book Chemical Speciation in the Environment written by A. M. Ure and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considerable recent research has focused on the topic of chemical speciation in the environment. It is increasingly realised that the distribution, mobility and biological availability of chemical elements depend not simply on their concentrations but, critically, on the forms in which they occur in natural systems. Continuing developments in analytical chemistry have made speciation practicable even where analytes are present at trace levels (as is often the case in natural samples). In the second edition of this book, the expertise of scientists involved in chemical speciation in various fields have been brought together to provide an overview of the current status of speciation science and indicate how the field may develop in the future.
Author : Institute of Science. Nuclear Chemistry Division
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (814 download)
Download or read book Low-level Measurements of Actinides and Long-lived Radionuclides in Biological and Environmental Samples written by Institute of Science. Nuclear Chemistry Division and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 831 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (846 download)
Download or read book Environmental Migration of Long-lived Radionuclides. Proceedings of an International Symposium Held in Knoxville, 27-31 July 1981 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 831 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201121165
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (211 download)
Download or read book The Environmental Behaviour of Polonium written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2018-01-31 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polonium-210 is an alpha emitting radionuclide with no radioactive progeny and produces only very-low-intensity gamma rays at very low abundance. This means doses largely arise from internal exposure. In addition to the relatively high ingestion does coefficient of 210Po, radionuclide transfer in the environment results in high activity concentrations in certain foods. This publication focuses on radionuclide transfers in terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments, and provides information on key transfer processes, concepts and models--back cover.
