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Chemical Equilibrium Modeling Of Detonation
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Book Synopsis Chemical Equilibrium Modeling of Detonation by :
Download or read book Chemical Equilibrium Modeling of Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic materials are unique for having a strong exothermic reactivity, which has made them desirable for both military and commercial applications. Energetic materials are commonly divided into high explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics. We will focus on high explosive (HE) materials here, although there is a great deal of commonality between the classes of energetic materials. Furthermore the history of HE materials is long, their condensed-phase chemical properties are poorly understood.
Book Synopsis Detonation of Condensed Explosives by : Roger Cheret
Download or read book Detonation of Condensed Explosives written by Roger Cheret and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work marks a stage in the evolution of a scientific and technical field which has been developed by the Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique (CEA) over several decades. Many members of the staff of the CEA have won re nown in this field, and their work has brought it to the high degree of excel lence for which it is internationally recognized today. These scientists had to consider every aspect of the field, as it concerned: modeling, which has recourse to fluid thermodynamics, molecular phys ics, and chemistry; numerical evaluation, which relies on mathematical analysis and data processing; and experiments in the firing area, which require specific stress generators and instrumentation. Whilst this book is a testament to the activity and success of staff of the CEA, it also reviews a number ofthe advances made in the discipline. How ever, it is not intended to be an exhaustive account of those advances; it is assumed that the reader can, if desired, consult the standard monographs, and more recent, more specialized works (notably W.C. Davis and W. Fickett, and C.L. Mader). The history of the discipline is interesting in itself, and also as an illustra tion of the causes which lead to progress in a coherent body of scientific work. I should like to make some comments on this progress, of which there is a fascinating summary in the introduction, and which will figure largely throughout the work.
Book Synopsis Direct Monte Carlo Simulation of the Chemical Equilibrium Composition of Detonation Products by :
Download or read book Direct Monte Carlo Simulation of the Chemical Equilibrium Composition of Detonation Products written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new Monte Carlo simulation method has been developed by the author which gives the equilibrium chemical composition of a molecular fluid directly. The usual NPT ensemble (isothermal-isobaric) is implemented with N being the number of atoms instead of molecules. Changes in chemical composition are treated as correlated spatial moves of atoms. Given the interaction potentials between molecular products, ''exact'' EOS points including the equilibrium chemical composition can be determined from the simulations. This method is applied to detonation products at conditions in the region near the Chapman- Jouget state. For the example of NO, it is shown that the CJ detonation velocity can be determined to a few meters per second. A rather small change in cross potentials is shown to shift the chemical equilibrium and the CJ conditions significantly.
Book Synopsis The Detonation Phenomenon by : John H. S. Lee
Download or read book The Detonation Phenomenon written by John H. S. Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the detonation phenomenon in explosives. It is ideal for engineers and graduate students with a background in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The material is mostly qualitative, aiming to illustrate the physical aspects of the phenomenon. Classical idealized theories of detonation waves are presented first. These permit detonation speed, gas properties ahead of and behind the detonation wave, and the distribution of fluid properties within the detonation wave itself to be determined. Subsequent chapters describe in detail the real unstable structure of a detonation wave. One-, two-, and three-dimensional computer simulations are presented along with experimental results using various experimental techniques. The important effects of confinement and boundary conditions and their influence on the propagation of a detonation are also discussed. The final chapters cover the various ways detonation waves can be formed and provide a review of the outstanding problems and future directions in detonation research.
Download or read book Detonation written by Wildon Fickett and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-08-29 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive review of detonation explores the "simple theory" and experimental tests of the theory; flow in a reactive medium; steady detonation; the nonsteady solution; and the structure of the detonation front. 1979 edition.
Book Synopsis Rechtsgrundlagen zu Volksabstimmungen by : Hamburg Landeswahlamt
Download or read book Rechtsgrundlagen zu Volksabstimmungen written by Hamburg Landeswahlamt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-Equilibrium Zeldovich-Von Neumann-Doring Theory and Reactive Flow Modeling of Detonation by :
Download or read book Non-Equilibrium Zeldovich-Von Neumann-Doring Theory and Reactive Flow Modeling of Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses the Non-Equilibrium Zeldovich - von Neumann - Doring (NEZND) theory of self-sustaining detonation waves and the Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation wave propagation in solid explosives. The NEZND theory identified the non-equilibrium excitation processes that precede and follow the exothermic decomposition of a large high explosive molecule into several small reaction product molecules. The thermal energy deposited by the leading shock wave must be distributed to the vibrational modes of the explosive molecule before chemical reactions can occur. The induction time for the onset of the initial endothermic reactions can be calculated using high pressure, high temperature transition state theory. Since the chemical energy is released well behind the leading shock front of a detonation wave, a physical mechanism is required for this chemical energy to reinforce the leading shock front and maintain its overall constant velocity. This mechanism is the amplification of pressure wavelets in the reaction zone by the process of de-excitation of the initially highly vibrationally excited reaction product molecules. This process leads to the development of the three-dimensional structure of detonation waves observed for all explosives. For practical predictions of shock initiation and detonation in hydrodynamic codes, phenomenological reactive flow models have been developed. The Ignition and Growth reactive flow model of shock initiation and detonation in solid explosives has been very successful in describing the overall flow measured by embedded gauges and laser interferometry. This reactive flow model uses pressure and compression dependent reaction rates, because time resolved experimental temperature data is not yet available. Since all chemical reaction rates are ultimately controlled by temperature, the next generation of reactive flow models will use temperature dependent reaction rates. Progress on a statistical hot spot ignition and growth reactive flow model with multistep Arrhenius chemical reaction pathways is discussed.
Download or read book Jerusalems skomagers written by and published by . This book was released on 17?? with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gaseous Detonation Physics and Its Universal Framework Theory by : Zonglin Jiang
Download or read book Gaseous Detonation Physics and Its Universal Framework Theory written by Zonglin Jiang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-16 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the theories and research progress in gaseous detonation research, and proposes a universal framework theory that overcomes the current research limitations. Gaseous detonation is an extremely fast type of combustion that propagates at supersonic speed in premixed combustible gas. Being self-sustaining and self-organizing with the unique nature of pressure gaining, gaseous detonation and its gas dynamics has been an interdisciplinary frontier for decades. The research of detonation enjoyed its early success from the development of the CJ theory and ZND modeling, but phenomenon is far from being understood quantitatively, and the development of theories to predict the three-dimensional cellular structure remains a formidable task, being essentially a problem in high-speed compressible reacting flow. This theory proposed by the authors’ research group breaks down the limitation of the one-dimensional steady flow hypothesis of the early theories, successfully correlating the propagation and initiation processes of gaseous detonation, and realizing the unified expression of the three-dimensional structure of cell detonation. The book and the proposed open framework is of high value for researchers in conventional applications such as coal mine explosions and chemical plant accidents, and state-of-the-art research fields such as supernova explosion, new aerospace propulsion engines, and detonation-driven hypersonic testing facilities. It is also a driving force for future research of detonation.
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Second Edition by : Charles L. Mader
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Second Edition written by Charles L. Mader and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-08-29 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charles Mader, a leading scientist who conducted theoretical research at Los Alamos National Laboratory for more than 30 years, sets a new standard with this reference on numerical modeling of explosives and propellants. This book updates and expands the information presented in the author's landmark work, Numerical Modeling of Detonations, published in 1979 and still in use today. Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants incorporates the considerable changes the personal computer has brought to numerical modeling since the first book was published, and includes new three-dimensional modeling techniques and new information on propellant performance and vulnerability. Both an introduction to the physics and chemistry of explosives and propellants and a guide to numerical modeling of detonation and reactive fluid dynamics, Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants offers scientists and engineers a complete picture of the current state of explosive and propellant technology and numerical modeling. The book is richly illustrated with figures that support the concepts, and filled with tables for quick access to precise data. The accompanying CD-ROM contains computer codes that are the national standard by which modeling is evaluated. Dynamic material properties data files and animation files are also included. There is no other book available today that offers this vital information.
Book Synopsis Modeling Hemispheric Detonation Experiments in 2-Dimensions by : W. M. Howard
Download or read book Modeling Hemispheric Detonation Experiments in 2-Dimensions written by W. M. Howard and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experiments have been performed with LX-17 (92.5% TATB and 7.5% Kel-F 800 binder) to study scaling of detonation waves using a dimensional scaling in a hemispherical divergent geometry. We model these experiments using an arbitrary Lagrange-Eulerian (ALE3D) hydrodynamics code, with reactive flow models based on the thermo-chemical code, Cheetah. The thermo-chemical code Cheetah provides a pressure-dependent kinetic rate law, along with an equation of state based on exponential-6 fluid potentials for individual detonation product species, calibrated to high pressures ({approx} few Mbars) and high temperatures (20000K). The parameters for these potentials are fit to a wide variety of experimental data, including shock, compression and sound speed data. For the un-reacted high explosive equation of state we use a modified Murnaghan form. We model the detonator (including the flyer plate) and initiation system in detail. The detonator is composed of LX-16, for which we use a program burn model. Steinberg-Guinan models5 are used for the metal components of the detonator. The booster and high explosive are LX-10 and LX-17, respectively. For both the LX-10 and LX-17, we use a pressure dependent rate law, coupled with a chemical equilibrium equation of state based on Cheetah. For LX-17, the kinetic model includes carbon clustering on the nanometer size scale.
Book Synopsis Major Effects in the Thermodynamics of Detonation Products by :
Download or read book Major Effects in the Thermodynamics of Detonation Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water (H2O) and nitrogen (N2) are major detonation products of high explosives and it has long been conjectured that they may phase segregate at high enough temperatures and pressures to influence detonation properties of common explosives. We analyze the phase diagram of H2O-N2 mixtures using a thermodynamic theory for polar-nonpolar mixtures and find that phase segregation is unlikely to occur above approximately 1600K. Therefore, H2O-N2 immiscibility is not likely to be relevant for detonation predictions. We propose instead that the high pressure ionic dissociation of water plays an important role in detonation, and model it using a new ionic thermodynamics. We employ this model in chemical equilibrium calculations of standard high explosives, e.g. PETN, HMX and RDX, and find that it performs very well under a wide range of conditions. Thus, although it may require further development, it is likely that explicitly ionic thermodynamics will become a standard tool for explosives modeling.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Computational Study of the Mechanisms of Detonation Transmission in Layered H2-O2 Mixtures by : Nicolas Antoine Tonello
Download or read book Experimental and Computational Study of the Mechanisms of Detonation Transmission in Layered H2-O2 Mixtures written by Nicolas Antoine Tonello and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detonation in Condensed Explosives by : James Taylor
Download or read book Detonation in Condensed Explosives written by James Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants by : Charles L. Mader
Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants written by Charles L. Mader and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-10-18 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Major advances, both in modeling methods and in the computing power required to make those methods viable, have led to major breakthroughs in our ability to model the performance and vulnerability of explosives and propellants. In addition, the development of proton radiography during the last decade has provided researchers with a major new experimental tool for studying explosive and shock wave physics. Problems that were once considered intractable – such as the generation of water cavities, jets, and stems by explosives and projectiles – have now been solved. Numerical Modeling of Explosives and Propellants, Third Edition provides a complete overview of this rapidly emerging field, covering basic reactive fluid dynamics as well as the latest and most complex methods and findings. It also describes and evaluates Russian contributions to the experimental explosive physics database, which only recently have become available. This book comes with downloadable resources that contain— · FORTRAN and executable computer codes that operate under Microsoft® Windows Vista operating system and the OS X operating system for Apple computers · Windows Vista and MAC compatible movies and PowerPoint presentations for each chapter · Explosive and shock wave databases generated at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Russian Federal Nuclear Centers Charles Mader’s three-pronged approach – through text, computer programs, and animations – imparts a thorough understanding of new computational methods and experimental measuring techniques, while also providing the tools to put these methods to effective use.
Book Synopsis A Hybrid Monte Carlo Method for Equilibrium Equation of State of Detonation Products by :
Download or read book A Hybrid Monte Carlo Method for Equilibrium Equation of State of Detonation Products written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MONTE CARLO SIMULATION METHODS Benchmark for perturbation theory methods NPT, NVT - single species or fixed composition mixture Gibbs ensemble - phase separation N, PT - chemical equilibrium: fluid only Hybrid Monte Car1.0 Method - extension of N, PT solid carbon +. chemical equilibrium + phase separation 'Real' explosives - calculate final EOS directly any potential is easy equilibrium surface chemistry of carbon clusters benchmark on whole, not just part higher level quantum energy - sample from lower level distribution.
Book Synopsis Chemical Equilibrium Calculations for Detonation Products by : Rodney A. J. Borg
Download or read book Chemical Equilibrium Calculations for Detonation Products written by Rodney A. J. Borg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
