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Author : Chen, Xi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (166 download)
Download or read book Characterizing the Genetic Structure of Populations written by Chen, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: population structure, Fst estimation.
Download or read book Characterizing the Genetic Structure of Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to characterize the genetic structure of populations continues to be central to all aspects of population and quantitative genetics, and measures based on correlations of pairs of alleles continue to be as relevant now as they were when discussed by Wright in 1951. The need to develop methodology for the characterization of the genetic structure of natural populations, especially of humans, has increased with recent large-scale disease association studies. We have proposed various estimators for population structure measure Fst, such as the moment estimator, the Kappa type estimator and the likelihood estimator. The likelihood estimates based on assumed normality of allele frequencies over populations have proven difficult to obtain in practice. Maximum likelihood estimates based on the Dirichlet distribution will provide a more robust framework, in spite of the implicit assumptions for that distribution not applying to microsatellite markers. The behavior of moment and MLE estimates in different scenarios were explored. Another population specific Fst estimator was proposed using GEE2 method. The proposed method yielded consistent results which are demonstrated via simulations.
Download or read book A Statistical Characterization of the Genetic Structure of Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. Cannings
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521239462
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Genealogical Genetic Structure written by C. Cannings and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981-11-26 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the long-term processes of evolution are selection and mutation, the infrastructure of a population is a no less important force in determining the distributions of genetic characteristics observable within populations. In small populations, and in particular in human populations, complex patterns of genealogical relationship between individuals can be an important factor in the maintenance of genetic variability. The aim of this book is to develop the quantitative theory of the interrelationship between the genealogical and the genetic structures of a population. Aspects of other structural features, such as migration patterns, are also discussed, but are not central to the development. There are three major aspects; each comprises two chapters of the text. First, genealogical relationships are characterized in a way which can illuminate their genetic consequences. Second, the evolutionary aspects of genealogical structure are developed. Finally, the last two chapters present methods of characterizing the complete structure of a genealogy, and of computing relevant parameters of genealogical structure; these topics are of relevance to genetic epidemiology as well as to population genetics.
Author : A. Jacquard
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642884156
Total Pages : 585 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)
Download or read book The Genetic Structure of Populations written by A. Jacquard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is part of the ideology of science that it is an international enterprise, carried out by a community that knows no barriers of nation or culture. But the reality is somewhat different. Despite the best intentions of scientists to form a single community, unseparated by differences of national and political viewpoint, they are, in fact, separated by language. Scientific literature in German is not generally assimilated by French workers, nor that appearing in French by those whose native language is English. The problem appears to have become more severe since the last war, because the ascendance of the United States as the preeminent economic power led, in a time of big and expensive science, to a pre dominance of American scientific production and a growing tendency (at least among English-speakers) to regard English as the international language of science. International congresses and journals of world circulation have come more and more to take English as their standard or official language. As a result, students and scientific workers in the English speaking world have become more linguistically parochial than ever before and have been cut off from a considerable scientific literature. Population genetics has been no exception to the rule. The elegant and extremely innovative theoreticaI work of Malecot, for example, is only now being properly assimilated by population biologists outside France. It was therefore with some sense of frustration that I read Prof.
Author : P.P. Majumder
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461529700
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Human Population Genetics written by P.P. Majumder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: J. B. S. Haldane, R. A. Fisher and Sewall Wright simultaneously, and largely independently, laid the foundations of population genetics and the mathematical theory of evolution. Hal dane was born on November 5, 1892. Although he primarily worked at the University College London (UCL), in 1957 he resigned from the UCL and joined the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta (India) as a Research Professor. In celebration of his birth centenary, the Indian Statistical Institute organized an International Conference on Human Genetics from 15 to 19 December, 1992. The prime motive in holding this Conference was to bring together a group of scientists - geneticists, anthropologists, clinicians and statisticians - to evaluate the impact of Haldane's contributions to various areas of human genetics, and also to review recent developments in the subject. Session and lecture themes were so chosen that they covered areas theoretical and applied, classical and emerging. Speakers were then identified and invited to deliver lectures on these themes. Manuscripts of all invited presentations and a selected number of contributed presentations were considered for inclusion in this Proceed ings Volume. Each manuscript was reviewed by at least one Conference participant, which resulted in revision of several manuscripts and rejection of some. This volume is a collection of the manuscripts which have been 'accepted' after the review-process. The Conference began with the "J. B. S. Haldane Centenary Lecture" delivered by C. R. Rao.
Author : Suvajit Samanta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (183 download)
Download or read book A Statistical Characterization of the Genetic Structure of Populations written by Suvajit Samanta and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: generalized linear model, parametirc bootstrap, method of moments, population genetics, F-statistics, coancestry coefficient.
Author : Yi-Ju Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (363 download)
Download or read book Characterizing the Structure of Genetic Population written by Yi-Ju Li and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kelly McCulloh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781339824741
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)
Download or read book The Genetic Structure of Native Americans in North America Based on the Globalfiler® STRs written by Kelly McCulloh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current forensic STR databases, such as CODIS, lack sufficient population genetic data on Native American populations; these populations are likely to have greater genetic differentiation than populations residing in the US. Given the limited population genetic data for Native American populations, it is necessary to generate information for a genetically and geographically diverse array of tribes to provide better statistical estimates of the strength of associations with DNA evidence in forensic investigations as well as to characterize Native American population structure. This study used the Globalfiler® STR markers to characterize the genetic structure of ten Native American tribal populations from seven geographically distinct regions in North America, including tribes that are presently not represented in forensic STR databases. Samples from the seven locations which include the Arctic region, Baja California, California/Great Basin, the Southeast, Mexico, the Midwest and the Southwest were analyzed for allele frequencies, observed and expected heterozygosities, and F-statistics using the Globalfiler® PCR Amplification kit's 24 loci. Population specific private alleles observed in this study may assist direct or indirect comparisons to identify the source of forensic evidence or infer tribal or ethnic origin. Geographic isolation and distance, as well as past migration events, have shaped and structured the population genetics of current day Native Americans in North America. The tribal samples exhibited an F[subscript]ST or [theta] value above the conservative 0.03 estimate recommended by the National Research Council (NRC) for calculating random match probabilities among Native Americans. This finding, together with lower levels of heterozygosity, implies the locations from which these samples were derived were both geographically isolated and also genetically subdivided. The greater differentiation among tribal populations, F[subscript]ST = 0.04, than had been previously estimated warrants the inclusion of additional regional Native American samples into STR databases, such as CODIS.
Author : Spiridon E. Kintzios
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203304551
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Sage written by Spiridon E. Kintzios and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sage, the genus Salvia is one of the most famous and used herbs in the world. This volume, containing twenty chapters written by the leading experts in the field, presents a comprehensive coverage on all aspects of Salvia. Topics covered include the presentation of the (approximately 400) most known Salvia species; the distribution of the genus; it
Author : Amanda Tonia Joan Xuereb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (825 download)
Download or read book Characterizing Population Genetic Structure and Inferring the Influence of Landscape Features on Gene Flow in a Temperate Snake Species written by Amanda Tonia Joan Xuereb and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patterns of genetic diversity in natural systems are influenced by landscape heterogeneity over spatial and temporal scales. Certain natural or anthropogenic landscape features may facilitate or impede organism dispersal and subsequent gene flow. Characterizing the geographical distribution of genetic diversity and identifying the factors contributing to population genetic structure is imperative for maintaining functional connectivity between isolated populations across a fragmented landscape. In this study, I combined genetic data and high-resolution land cover information to investigate patterns of population genetic structure in the threatened eastern hog-nosed snake (Heterodon platirhinos) at its northern range limit in Ontario, Canada. First, using putatively neutral microsatellite markers, I found evidence of genetic differentiation between two geographically disjunct regional populations: in the Carolinian region of southwestern Ontario, and along the eastern shoreline of Georgian Bay. Spatial and non-spatial Bayesian clustering algorithms also detected population genetic structure within each regional population. I found evidence of weak structure within Georgian Bay, roughly corresponding to regions north and south of Parry Sound. A genetic cluster at Wasaga Beach, located at the southern terminus of Georgian Bay, was highly differentiated from other populations, despite its geographic proximity to Georgian Bay. Excess homozygosity and reduced allelic diversity in Wasaga Beach compared to other sampled populations imply a population bottleneck event. Secondly, I inferred the role of landscape features on eastern hog-nosed snake dispersal and subsequent gene flow in the Georgian Bay regional population. Using techniques derived from electrical circuit theory, I estimated pairwise resistance distances between individuals by assigning costs to landscape features that are predicted to impede hog-nosed snake movement: open water, wetland, settlement and agriculture, and roads. Landscape features did not influence genetic structure within Wasaga Beach. However, I found weak evidence for an effect of landscape features, particularly open water and roads, on gene flow in eastern Georgian Bay. This study is the first to examine potential factors driving population genetic structure of eastern hog-nosed snakes and provides an empirical foundation for future tests of demographic models and spatially explicit simulations of gene flow.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309134404
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-12 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the National Research Council issued DNA Technology in Forensic Science, a book that documented the state of the art in this emerging field. Recently, this volume was brought to worldwide attention in the murder trial of celebrity O. J. Simpson. The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence reports on developments in population genetics and statistics since the original volume was published. The committee comments on statements in the original book that proved controversial or that have been misapplied in the courts. This volume offers recommendations for handling DNA samples, performing calculations, and other aspects of using DNA as a forensic toolâ€"modifying some recommendations presented in the 1992 volume. The update addresses two major areas: Determination of DNA profiles. The committee considers how laboratory errors (particularly false matches) can arise, how errors might be reduced, and how to take into account the fact that the error rate can never be reduced to zero. Interpretation of a finding that the DNA profile of a suspect or victim matches the evidence DNA. The committee addresses controversies in population genetics, exploring the problems that arise from the mixture of groups and subgroups in the American population and how this substructure can be accounted for in calculating frequencies. This volume examines statistical issues in interpreting frequencies as probabilities, including adjustments when a suspect is found through a database search. The committee includes a detailed discussion of what its recommendations would mean in the courtroom, with numerous case citations. By resolving several remaining issues in the evaluation of this increasingly important area of forensic evidence, this technical update will be important to forensic scientists and population geneticistsâ€"and helpful to attorneys, judges, and others who need to understand DNA and the law. Anyone working in laboratories and in the courts or anyone studying this issue should own this book.
Author : Girdhar K. Pandey
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118888928
Total Pages : 1114 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)
Download or read book Mechanism of Plant Hormone Signaling under Stress, 2 Volume Set written by Girdhar K. Pandey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant hormone signaling plays an important role in many physiological and developmental processes including stress response. With the advent of new post-genomic molecular techniques, the potential for increasing our understanding of the impact of hormone signaling on gene expression and adaptive processes has never been higher. Unlocking the molecular underpinnings of these processes shows great promise for the development of new plant biotechnologies and improved crop varieties. The topics included in this book emphasize on genomics and functional genomics aspects, to understand the global and whole genome level changes upon particular stress conditions. With the functional genomics tools, the mechanism of phytohormone signaling and their target genes can be defined in a more systematic manner. The integrated analysis of phytohormone signaling under single or multiple stress conditions may prove exceptional to design stress tolerant crop plants in the field conditions. Bringing together the latest advances, as well as the work being done to apply these findings to plant and crop science, Mechanism of Plant Hormone Signaling Under Stress will prove extremely useful to plant and stress biologists, plant biotechnology researchers, as well as students and teachers.
Author : Michel Tibayrenc
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0123848903
Total Pages : 773 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases written by Michel Tibayrenc and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases is at the crossroads between two major scientific fields of the 21st century: evolutionary biology and infectious diseases. The genomic revolution has upset modern biology and has revolutionized our approach to ancient disciplines such as evolutionary studies. In particular, this revolution is profoundly changing our view on genetically driven human phenotypic diversity, and this is especially true in disease genetic susceptibility. Infectious diseases are indisputably the major challenge of medicine. When looking globally, they are the number one killer of humans and therefore the main selective pressure exerted on our species. Even in industrial countries, infectious diseases are now far less under control than 20 years ago. The first part of this book covers the main features and applications of modern technologies in the study of infectious diseases. The second part provides detailed information on a number of the key infectious diseases such as malaria, SARS, avian flu, HIV, tuberculosis, nosocomial infections and a few other pathogens that will be taken as examples to illustrate the power of modern technologies and the value of evolutionary approaches. Takes an integrated approach to infectious diseases Includes contributions from leading authorities Provides the latest developments in the field
Author : Ian Evett
Publisher : Sinauer Associates Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9780878931552
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (315 download)
Download or read book Interpreting DNA Evidence written by Ian Evett and published by Sinauer Associates Incorporated. This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpretation of DNA profile matches depends on the use of statistical weights. This text provides the background information in statistics and genetics for the reader to arrive at these weights.
Author : Lara Rubio Araúna
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)
Download or read book Genetic Structure of North African Human Populations : A Complex History of Admixture written by Lara Rubio Araúna and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: North African populations show a complex genetic structure characterized by the admixture of at least four different components: Middle Eastern, sub-Saharan, European and autochthonous North African. However, there are few genome-wide studies focused on North Africa and only two Berber groups have been included in those analyses. In this thesis genotype array data that increases the number of available Berber samples is introduced. This data shows a heterogenous genetic structure of North African populations, including Berbers, and a lack of genetic differentiation between Berber and Arab groups. Admixture is the main process shaping North African diversity. In the results of this thesis different admixture events are described, mainly related to sub-Saharan gene-flow and Middle Eastern expansions. Furthermore, North African gene-flow into coastal surrounding populations is analyzed, showing a recent historical North African contribution from different geographical places in the European coast and the Canary Islands populations.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309165865
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-08 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.
