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Characterizing Germplasm And Mapping Qtls For Pre Harvest Sprouting Resistance In Spring Wheat Triticum Aestivum L
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Book Synopsis Characterizing Germplasm and Mapping QTLs for Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance in Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Golam Rasul
Download or read book Characterizing Germplasm and Mapping QTLs for Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance in Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Golam Rasul and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seed Dormancy, Germination and Pre-Harvest Sprouting by : Chengdao Li
Download or read book Seed Dormancy, Germination and Pre-Harvest Sprouting written by Chengdao Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and late-maturity alpha-amylase (LMA) are two of the biggest grain quality defects that grain growers encounter. About 50 percent of the global wheat crop is affected by pre-harvest sprouting to various degrees. Pre-harvest sprouting is a genetically-based quality defect and results in the presence of alpha-amylase in otherwise sound mature grain. It can range from perhaps undetectable to severe damage on grain and is measured by the falling numbers or alpha-amylase activity. This is an international issue, with sprouting damage lowering the value of crops to growers, seed and grain merchants, millers, maltsters, bakers, other processors, and ultimately the consumer. As such it has attracted attention from researchers in many biological and non-biological disciplines. The 13th International Symposium on Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Cereals was held 18-20 September, 2016 in Perth to discuss current findings of grain physiology, genetic pathways, trait expression and screening methods related to pre-harvest sprouting and LMA. This event followed the previous symposium in 2012 in Canada.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, 24-29 August 2008, Brisbane, Qld., Australia by : Rudi Appels
Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, 24-29 August 2008, Brisbane, Qld., Australia written by Rudi Appels and published by Sydney University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers herein are volume 1 of the proceedings of the 11th International Wheat Genetics Symposium, held in Brisbane, Australia, in 2008. The series presents the science of the genetic sciences applied to bread and durum wheats and other species.
Book Synopsis Genomics-enabled Triticeae Improvement by : Xue-Feng Ma
Download or read book Genomics-enabled Triticeae Improvement written by Xue-Feng Ma and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis QTL Mapping of Pre-harvest Sprouting and Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat Cultivars Danby and Tiger by : Mingqin Shao
Download or read book QTL Mapping of Pre-harvest Sprouting and Stripe Rust Resistance in Wheat Cultivars Danby and Tiger written by Mingqin Shao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat yield and quality is influenced by many abiotic and biotic environmental factors. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) occurs when physiologically matured spikes are exposed to wet field conditions before harvest, which results in seed germination and causes significant losses in yield and end-use quality. Wheat stripe rust is one of the most important biotic factors reducing grain yield and quality. To investigate the genetic basis of the resistance to PHS and stripe rust in hard white winter wheat cultivars Danby and Tiger and develop molecular markers for marker- assisted breeding, a double haploid (DH) population, derived from those two cultivars, was genotyped with simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers and simple nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. This DH population was assessed for resistance to PHS and stripe rust in both greenhouse and field experiments. For PHS, one major resistant quantitative trait locus (QTL) was consistently detected on the short arm of chromosome 3A in all three experiments conducted and explained 21.6% to 41.0% of the phenotypic variation (PVE). This QTL is corresponding to a previously cloned gene, TaPHS1. A SNP in the promoter of TaPHS1 co- segregated with PHS resistance in this mapping population. Meanwhile, two other QTLs, Qphs.hwwg-3B.1 and Qphs.hwwg-5A.1, were consistently detected on the chromosome arms 3BS and 5AL in two experiments. These two QTLs showed significant additive effects with TaPHS1 in improving PHS resistance. For stripe rust, three major QTLs were consistently detected in four out of six environments for infection type (IT) or disease severity (DS). Two of them, QYr.hwwg-2AS1 and QYr.hwwg-4BL1, contributed by the Danby allele explained up to 28.4% of PVE for IT and 60.5% of PVE for DS. The third QTL, QYr.hwwg-3BS1, contributed by the Tiger allele, had PVE values up to 14.7% for IT and 22.9% for DS. QYr.hwwg-2AS1 and QYr.hwwg- 4BL1 are likely the same resistance genes reported previously on chromosome arms 2AS and 4BL. However, QYr.hwwg-3BS1 might be different from the reported gene cluster near the distal end of 3BS where Yr57, Yr4, Yr30 and Sr2 were located. Significant additive effects on reducing IT and DS were observed among these three major QTLs. In order to pyramid multiple QTLs in breeding, user-friendly Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers were successfully developed for several QTLs identified in this study. The QTLs and their interactions found in this study together with those novel flanking KASP markers developed will be useful not only for understanding genetic mechanisms of PHS and stripe rust resistance but also for marker- assisted breeding to improve wheat resistance to PHS and stripe rust by gene pyramiding.
Book Synopsis The Encyclopedia of Seeds by : J. Derek Bewley
Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Seeds written by J. Derek Bewley and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first scholarly reference work to cover all the major scientific themes and facets of the subject of seeds. It outlines the latest fundamental biological knowledge about seeds, together with the principles of agricultural seed processing, storage and sowing, the food and industrial uses of seeds, and the roles of seeds in history, economies and cultures. With contributions from 110 expert authors worldwide, the editors have created 560 authoritative articles, illustrated with plentiful tables, figures, black-and-white and color photographs, suggested further reading matter and 670 supplementary definitions. The contents are alphabetically arranged and cross-referenced to connect related entries.
Book Synopsis Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops by : Andriy Bilichak
Download or read book Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops written by Andriy Bilichak and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-10-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive collection of methods for plant breeders and researchers working in functional genomics of cereal crops. Chapters detail advances in sequencing of cereal genomes, methods of traditional plant breeding, use of machine learning for genomic selection, random and targeted mutagenesis with CRISPR/Cas9, quantitative proteomics and phenotyping in cereals. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Accelerated Breeding of Cereal Crops aims to be of interest to plant breeders, researchers, postdoctoral fellows, and students working in functional genomics for the development of the next generation of crop plants.
Book Synopsis Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination by : Kent Bradford
Download or read book Annual Plant Reviews, Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination written by Kent Bradford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formation, dispersal and germination of seeds are crucial stages in the life cycles of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. The unique properties of seeds, particularly their tolerance to desiccation, their mobility, and their ability to schedule their germination to coincide with times when environmental conditions are favorable to their survival as seedlings, have no doubt contributed significantly to the success of seed-bearing plants. Humans are also dependent upon seeds, which constitute the majority of the world’s staple foods (e.g., cereals and legumes). Seeds are an excellent system for studying fundamental developmental processes in plant biology, as they develop from a single fertilized zygote into an embryo and endosperm, in association with the surrounding maternal tissues. As genetic and molecular approaches have become increasingly powerful tools for biological research, seeds have become an attractive system in which to study a wide array of metabolic processes and regulatory systems. Seed Development, Dormancy and Germination provides a comprehensive overview of seed biology from the point of view of the developmental and regulatory processes that are involved in the transition from a developing seed through dormancy and into germination and seedling growth. It examines the complexity of the environmental, physiological, molecular and genetic interactions that occur through the life cycle of seeds, along with the concepts and approaches used to analyze seed dormancy and germination behavior. It also identifies the current challenges and remaining questions for future research. The book is directed at plant developmental biologists, geneticists, plant breeders, seed biologists and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Family-based Mapping for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci in Spring Wheat by : Muna Kadariya
Download or read book Family-based Mapping for Preharvest Sprouting Resistance Quantitative Trait Loci in Spring Wheat written by Muna Kadariya and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Genetic Mapping of Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina) Resistance Genes Lr2a and Lr46 in Canadian Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Germplasm by : Mallorie Lewarne
Download or read book Characterization and Genetic Mapping of Leaf Rust (Puccinia Triticina) Resistance Genes Lr2a and Lr46 in Canadian Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Germplasm written by Mallorie Lewarne and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the fungal diseases that can infect bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks. is the most common and widespread. Pyramiding multiple resistance genes in a cultivar using conventional breeding techniques is often expensive and time consuming. Alternatively, marker assisted selection (MAS) allows for accelerated and accurate selection of resistance gene combinations. The objectives of this study were to characterize two leaf rust resistance genes: an adult plant resistance (APR) gene, hypothesized to be Lr46, from wheat line BW278, and a seedling resistance gene, Lr2a, from wheat cultivar Superb. To characterize the APR, two mapping populations derived from BW278 were genotyped with the iSelect 90K wheat SNP array. Both populations were evaluated for leaf rust in inoculated field nurseries for five years. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis revealed two QTL controlling resistance in the BW278/AC Foremost population, one in the region of interest, chromosome 1B and another on chromosome 5A. Two QTL were detected in Superb/BW278, on chromosomes 4B and 5B, however no QTL were detected in the region of interest on 1B. The QTL on 1B in BW278/AC Foremost, designated QLr.mrdc-1B, was tightly linked to both csLV46G22 and DK0900, two markers previously described as tightly linked to the Lr46 locus. Ten SNPs in the QLr.mrdc-1B region were selected for kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) assay design. To characterize Lr2a, two mapping populations derived from Superb (Superb/BW278 & Superb/86ISMN 2137) were genotyped with the iSelect 90 K wheat SNP array, and evaluated with a single race of P. triticina under greenhouse conditions. Two-point linkage analysis between the marker data and phenotypic infection type ratings revealed that the gene mapped to chromosome 2DS in both mapping populations. The linkage maps generated for the two mapping populations had 11 SNP markers in common and displayed collinearity. Seven SNPs that either flanked or co-segregated with Lr2a in Superb/BW278 were selected for KASP assay design. Of the seven markers, kwh740 (Excalibur_c1944_1017) was polymorphic in both populations and displayed clear clusters, making it the most applicable for use in MAS.
Book Synopsis Seed Longevity and Dormancy in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Mian Abdur Rehman Arif
Download or read book Seed Longevity and Dormancy in Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Mian Abdur Rehman Arif and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was undertaken to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and marker trait associations (MTAs) controlling seed longevity and dormancy in wheat using one bi-parental and two association mapping populations. QTL analysis of bi-parental 'International Triticeae Mapping Initiative' population reproduced in two different seasons resulted in the identification of one major and nine minor QTLs for seed longevity. There was one major QTL for dormancy observed on chromosome 4AL. The location of this QTL does not match with any of the longevity QTLs. One set of 96 winter wheat accessions (advanced gemplasm collection) and one set of 183 accessions consisting of a mixture of spring and winter wheat (genebank collection) revealed 73 and 340 MTAs for seed longevity, respectively. Of the 340 MTAs, 134 MTAs were observed after long term cold storage but the others after experimental ageing in genebank collection. The associations were distributed over all the wheat chromosomes except 4D which was not covered with markers. Results obtained after long term cold storage and experimental ageing did match only to some extent in this study which could be due to different quality of seeds produced during different seasons. However, it also can be proposed that different mechanisms are involved during deterioration in cold storage over long periods and decaying during artificial ageing treatments. For dormancy, there were 68 and 118 MTAs identified in the advanced germplasm collection and genebank collection, respectively, in addition to one major QTL on chromosome 4A in the ITMI population. Similarly, pre-harvest sprouting revealed 32 and 193 MTAs in case of advanced germplasm collection and genebank accessions, respectively. Co-linearity was found among wheat, rice and barley for loci influencing dormancy and PHS.
Download or read book Stripe Rust written by Xianming Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively introduces stripe rust disease, its development and its integral control. Covering the biology, genetics, genome, and functional genomics of the pathogen, it also discusses host and non-host resistance, their interactions and the epidemiology of the disease. It is intended for scientists, postgraduates and undergraduate studying stripe rust, plant pathology, crop breeding, crop protection and agricultural science, but is also a valuable reference book for consultants and administrators in agricultural businesses and education.
Book Synopsis Understanding the Flowering Gene Complex in Hexaploid Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) by : Atif Kamran
Download or read book Understanding the Flowering Gene Complex in Hexaploid Spring Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) written by Atif Kamran and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the flowering gene complex in bread wheat is important to utilize the maximum production potential in a time-limited growing season. Vernalization (Vrn), photoperiod (Ppd) and earliness per se are the three genetic constituents of the flowering gene complex. A series of experiments were conducted to explore the role of each genetic constituent in Canadian spring wheat germplasm. The first experiment revealed vernalization and photoperiod gene frequency and effects in Canadian germplasm released between 1885 and 2008. Vernalization insensitive Vrn-A1a is the most frequent allele in the Canadian hard red spring class and Vrn-B1 is more frequent in Canadian soft white spring class. The photoperiod sensitive allele (Ppd-D1) is being replaced with the insensitive allele, Ppd-D1a, in all modern Canadian germplasm. An overall analysis of the data for the CWRS class revealed an average reduction of 0.04 days/year in maturity and an increase of about 8 kg/ha/year in grain yield. A second study was conducted on the Cutler × AC Barrie population to map and characterize the earliness per se QTL. Three QTLs of earliness per se affecting days to flowering and maturity were mapped on chromosomes 1B (QEps.dms-1B1 and QEps.dms-1B2) and 5B (QEps.dms-5B1). Two grain yield QTLs were mapped on chromosome 5B. The photoperiod insensitive allele Ppd-D1a interacted in an additive fashion with QTLs for flowering and maturity times. The earliness per se QTL QFlt.dms-5B.1 together with Ppd-D1a can induce earlier flowering and could help to elongate grain filling duration for higher grain yields. A comparative study of Vrn alleles suggests that the presence of Vrn-D1 along with Vrn-A1a and Vrn-B1 confers higher grain yield with similar maturity compared to all other Vrn gene groups in soft white spring wheat and we suggested the inclusion of Vrn-D1 allele in elite Canadian germplasm, which has been overlooked in the past. In a final study we found that early flowering and maturity conferred by insensitive vernalization alleles Vrn-A1a and/or Vrn-B1 has not conferred any yield advantage under organic conditions. The results also revealed that there is significant genotype × environment interaction and breeding for organic production should be practiced under organic conditions.
Book Synopsis Molecular Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Crop Plants Breeding by : Søren K. Rasmussen
Download or read book Molecular Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology of Crop Plants Breeding written by Søren K. Rasmussen and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Special Issue on molecular genetics, genomics, and biotechnology in crop plant breeding seeks to encourage the use of the tools currently available. It features nine research papers that address quality traits, grain yield, and mutations by exploring cytoplasmic male sterility, the delicate control of flowering in rice, the removal of anti-nutritional factors, the use and development of new technologies for non-model species marker technology, site-directed mutagenesis and GMO regulation, genomics selection and genome-wide association studies, how to cope with abiotic stress, and an exploration of fruit trees adapted to harsh environments for breeding purposes. A further four papers review the genetics of pre-harvest spouting, readiness for climate-smart crop development, genomic selection in the breeding of cereal crops, and the large numbers of mutants in straw lignin biosynthesis and deposition.
Book Synopsis Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field by : Yasunari Ogihara
Download or read book Advances in Wheat Genetics: From Genome to Field written by Yasunari Ogihara and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This proceedings is a collection of 46 selected papers that were presented at the 12th International Wheat Genetics Symposium (IWGS). Since the launch of the wheat genome sequencing project in 2005, the arrival of draft genome sequences has marked a new era in wheat genetics and genomics, catalyzing rapid advancement in the field. This book provides a comprehensive review of the forefront of wheat research, across various important topics such as germplasm and genetic diversity, cytogenetics and allopolyploid evolution, genome sequencing, structural and functional genomics, gene function and molecular biology, biotic stress, abiotic stress, grain quality, and classical and molecular breeding. Following an introduction, 9 parts of the book are dedicated to each of these topics. A final, 11th part entitled “Toward Sustainable Wheat Production” contains 7 excellent papers that were presented in the 12th IWGS Special Session supported by the OECD. With rapid population growth and radical climate changes, the world faces a global food crisis and is in need of another Green Revolution to boost yields of wheat and other widely grown staple crops. Although this book focuses on wheat, many of the newly developed techniques and results presented here can be applied to other plant species with large and complex genomes. As such, this volume is highly recommended for all students and researchers in wheat sciences and related plant sciences and for those who are interested in stable food production and food security.
Book Synopsis Genetic and Genomic Studies on Wheat Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance by : Meng Lin
Download or read book Genetic and Genomic Studies on Wheat Pre-harvest Sprouting Resistance written by Meng Lin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), germination of physiologically matured grains in a wheat spike before harvesting, can cause significant reduction in grain yield and end-use quality. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for PHS resistance have been reported in different sources. To determine the genetic architecture of PHS resistance and its relationship with grain color (GC) in US hard winter wheat, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on both PHS resistance and GC was conducted using in a panel of 185 U.S. elite breeding lines and cultivars and 90K wheat SNP arrrays. PHS resistance was assessed by evaluating sprouting rates in wheat spikes harvested from both greenhouse and field experiments. Thirteen QTLs for PHS resistance were identified on 11 chromosomes in at least two experiments, and the effects of these QTLs varied among different environments. The common QTLs for PHS resistance and GC were identified on the long arms of the chromosome 3A and 3D, indicating pleiotropic effect of the two QTLs. Significant QTLs were also detected on chromosome arms 3AS and 4AL, which were not related to GC, suggesting that it is possible to improve PHS resistance in white wheat. To identify markers closely linked to the 4AL QTL, genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology was used to analyze a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) developed from a cross between two parents, "Tutoumai A" and "Siyang 936", contrasting in 4AL QTL. Several closely linked GBS SNP markers to the 4AL QTL were identified and some of them were coverted to KASP for marker-assisted breeding. To investigate effects of the two non-GC related QTLs on 3AS and 4AL, both QTLs were transferered from "Tutoumai A" and "AUS1408" into a susceptible US hard winter wheat breeding line, NW97S186, through marker-assisted backcrossing using the gene marker TaPHS1 for 3AS QTL and a tightly linked KASP marker we developed for 4AL QTL. The 3AS QTL (TaPHS1) significantly interacted with environments and genetic backgrounds, whereas 4AL QTL (TaMKK3-A) interacted with environments only. The two QTLs showed additive effects on PHS resistance, indicating pyramiding these two QTLs can increase PHS resistance. To improve breeding selection efficiency, genomic prediction using genome-wide markers and marker-based prediction (MBP) using selected trait-linked markers were conducted in the association panel. Among the four genomic prediction methods evaluated, the ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) provides the best prediction among the tested methods (rrBLUP, BayesB, BayesC and BayesC0). However, MBP using 11 significant SNPs identified in the association study provides a better prediction than genomic prediction. Therefore, for traits that are controlled by a few major QTLs, MBP may be more effective than genomic selection.
Book Synopsis Gene Transfer to Plants by : Ingo Potrykus
Download or read book Gene Transfer to Plants written by Ingo Potrykus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
