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Characterization Of The Type Vi Secretion Systems Of P Syringae Pathovars Phaseolicola And Syringae
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Book Synopsis Characterization of the Type Vi Secretion Systems of P. Syringae Pathovars Phaseolicola and Syringae by : Tahina Onina Ranaivoarisoa
Download or read book Characterization of the Type Vi Secretion Systems of P. Syringae Pathovars Phaseolicola and Syringae written by Tahina Onina Ranaivoarisoa and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pseudomonas syringae is a bacterial plant pathogen that infects a large variety of agricultural crops. Bacteria colonize leaf surfaces and enter plant mesophyll tissue through wounds or stomata. Once inside, P. syringae can alter plant cell signaling pathways and suppress plant defense responses enabling it to grow in the intercellular space in the mesophyll. P. syringae possesses at least two types of virulence factors that suppress plant defense responses: i) small phytotoxin molecules, and ii) effector proteins that are translocated through specialized secretion systems. Gram-negative bacteria possess at least six types of secretion systems. The P. syringae type II and type III secretion systems (T2SS and T3SS) are both involved in secreting proteins that are important for P. syringae pathogenesis. Functions of the other secretion systems have not been explored. This study investigates the role of the newly discovered type VI secretion system (T6SS) in P. syringae interaction with plants. The results show that T6SS genes are expressed in three sequenced strains of P. syringae, P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000), P. syringae pv. phaseolicola 1448a (Psp 1448a) and P. syringae pv. syringae B728a (Pss B728a). The T6SSs of Psp 1448a and Pss B728a were also able to secrete the Hcp protein into culture supernatants, showing that they are active. In planta virulence and growth studies revealed that the T6SS may not be essential for Psp 1448a and Pss B728a to cause disease in host plants. However, the T6SS may be involved in regulating biofilm formation, since a mutant Psp 1448a T6SS formed denser biofilm than the wild-type bacteria. These results suggest that the T6SS may secrete factors important for controlling bacterial aggregation on leaves.
Book Synopsis Characterization of a Type VI Secretion System and Related Proteins of Pseudomonas Syringae by : Angela Renee Records
Download or read book Characterization of a Type VI Secretion System and Related Proteins of Pseudomonas Syringae written by Angela Renee Records and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pseudomonas syringae is a pathogen of numerous plant species, including several economically important crops. P. syringae pv. syringae B728a is a resident on leaves of common bean, where it utilizes several well-studied virulence factors, including secreted effectors and toxins, to develop a pathogenic interaction with its host. The B728a genome was recently sequenced, revealing the presence of 1,297 genes with unknown function. This dissertation demonstrates that a 29.9-kb cluster of genes in the B728a genome encodes a novel secretion pathway, the type VI secretion system (T6SS), that functions to deliver at least one protein outside of the bacterial cell. Western blot analyses show that this secretion is dependent on clpV, a gene that likely encodes an AAA+ ATPase, and is repressed by retS, which apparently encodes a hybrid sensor kinase. RetS and a similar protein called LadS are shown to collectively modulate several virulence-related activities in addition to the T6SS. Plate assays demonstrate that RetS negatively controls mucoidy, while LadS negatively regulates swarming motility. A mutation in retS affects B728a population levels on the surface of bean leaves. A model for the LadS and RetS control of B728a virulence activities is proposed, and possible roles for the B728a T6SS are addressed.
Book Synopsis Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens by : K. Rudolph
Download or read book Pseudomonas Syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens written by K. Rudolph and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade, research on Pseudomonas syringae pathovars and related pathogens has progressed rapidly, opening up many new avenues. The application of molecular genetics has provided new insights into determinants of pathogenicity and virulence. Progress has also been made in elucidating the chemical structures and modes of action of phytotoxins from Pseudomonas syringae; by establishing novel strategies for disease control; in biotechnological applications; by studying the resistant reaction of the plant with a combined biochemical and genetic approach; and in the development of new detection and identification methodologies as tools in epidemiological studies. With such rapid advances it becomes more and more difficult to keep abreast of the developments and concepts within disciplines, all involving research on pathovars of P. syringae. In an attempt to provide a balanced overview, recent developments in these rapidly expanding fields have been critically reviewed at the beginning of each chapter by internationally renowned experts. Our comprehensive coverage has been made possible because all the contributors to this volume presented their latest findings at the `5th International Conference on Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars and Related Pathogens' in Berlin, September 3-8, 1995. In this way, it was possible to bring together contributions from a wide range of fields including phytopathology, genetics, bacteriology, plant breeding, plant protection, and taxonomy. This book is not intended simply as a record of the proceedings of the Berlin Conference, but as an extension of recent findings and hypotheses put forward at the meeting. All papers published in this volume have been reviewed by the Editors.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology by : Yuri Dyakov
Download or read book Comprehensive and Molecular Phytopathology written by Yuri Dyakov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular 'dialogue' between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions.* Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity
Book Synopsis Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants by : Jiayang Li
Download or read book Hormone Metabolism and Signaling in Plants written by Jiayang Li and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-04-19 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis and Mechanisms of Action is based on research funded by the Chinese government's National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). This book brings a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions. With growing understanding of hormone biology comes new outlooks on how mankind values and utilizes the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner. This book is a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones: how they are synthesized and catabolized; how they are perceived by plant cells; how they trigger signal transduction; how they regulate gene expression; how they regulate plant growth, development and defense responses; and how we measure plant hormones. This is an exciting time for researchers interested in plant hormones. Plants rely on a diverse set of small molecule hormones to regulate every aspect of their biological processes including development, growth, and adaptation. Since the discovery of the first plant hormone auxin, hormones have always been the frontiers of plant biology. Although the physiological functions of most plant hormones have been studied for decades, the last 15 to 20 years have seen a dramatic progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hormone actions. The publication of the whole genome sequences of the model systems of Arabidopsis and rice, together with the advent of multidisciplinary approaches has opened the door to successful experimentation on plant hormone actions. - Offers a comprehensive description of all major plant hormones including the recently discovered strigolactones and several peptide hormones - Contains a chapter describing how plant hormones regulate stem cells - Offers a fresh understanding of hormone biology, particularly molecular mechanisms driving plant hormone actions - Discusses the built-in potential of plants for improvement of crops in an environmentally friendly and sustainable manner
Book Synopsis Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes by : Mark S. Mount
Download or read book Phytopathogenic Prokaryotes written by Mark S. Mount and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.1 - Phytopathogenic prokaryotes; Concepts for plant interactions with prokaryotes; Prokaryote interactions on plant surfaces; Prokaryote interactions within the plant; v.2 - Epidemiology and dispersal; Host coevolution with the pathogen; Pathogen coevolution with the host; Strategies for control; Cultivation and preservation.
Book Synopsis Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions by : Francis Martin
Download or read book Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions written by Francis Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-03 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants and microbes interact in a complex relationship that can have both harmful and beneficial impacts on both plant and microbial communities. Effectors, secreted microbial molecules that alter plant processes and facilitate colonization, are central to understanding the complicated interplay between plants and microbes. Effectors in Plant-Microbe Interactions unlocks the molecular basis of this important class of microbial molecules and describes their diverse and complex interactions with host plants. Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions is divided into five sections that take stock of the current knowledge on effectors of plant-associated organisms. Coverage ranges from the impact of bacterial, fungal and oomycete effectors on plant immunity and high-throughput genomic analysis of effectors to the function and trafficking of these microbial molecules. The final section looks at effectors secreted by other eukaryotic microbes that are the focus of current and future research efforts. Written by leading international experts in plant-microbe interactions, Effectors in Plant Microbe Interactions, will be an essential volume for plant biologists, microbiologists, pathologists, and geneticists.
Book Synopsis Plant-microbe Interactions 2 by : Gary Stacey
Download or read book Plant-microbe Interactions 2 written by Gary Stacey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-Microbe Interactions, Volume 2 Volume 1 of this series has made its appearance and dealt forcefully with impor tant current topics in the field of plant-microbe interactions. We believe that the quality of those chapters was high and should serve as a focal point for the state of the art as well as an enduring reference. Volume 2 builds upon these accom plishments. Chapter 1 discusses the fascinating lipo-chitin signal molecules from Rhizo bium, aspects regarding their biosynthesis, and the basis for host specificity. These molecules are a cardinal example of how microorganisms influence plant development and stimulate speculation that they have identified a previously un known aspect of plant hormone activity. Chapter 2 continues the discussion of Rhizobium by considering the trafficking of carbon and nitrogen in nodules. Al though the ostensible advantage of nodules to plants is the fixation of atmos pheric nitrogen, the actual process involved in supplying reduced nitrogen to the plant host is complex.
Book Synopsis Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites by : Thomas E. Crowley
Download or read book Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites written by Thomas E. Crowley and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites: A Laboratory Manual for Analytical and Structural Biochemistry provides students with working knowledge of the fundamental and advanced techniques of experimental biochemistry. Sections provide an overview of the microbiological and biochemical methods typically used for the purification of metabolites and discuss the biological significance of secondary metabolites secreted by three diverse species of bacteria. Additionally, this lab manual covers the theory and practice of the most commonly-used techniques of analytical biochemistry, UV-vis and IR spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, and how to evaluate and effectively use scientific data. Instructors will find this book useful because of the modular nature of the lab exercises included. Written in a logical, easy-to-understand manner, this book is an indispensable resource for both students and instructors. Offers project lab formats for students that closely simulate original research projects Provides instructional guidance for students to design their own experiments Presents advanced analytical techniques Includes access to a website with additional resources for instructors
Book Synopsis Plant Pathogenic Bacteria by : Robert W. Jackson
Download or read book Plant Pathogenic Bacteria written by Robert W. Jackson and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third chapter delves into the crucially understudied area of pathogen adaptation to the plant apoplast environment.
Download or read book Phytobacteriology written by J. D. Janse and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive manual of phytobacteriology is heavily illustrated with over 200 colour photographs and line illustrations. It begins by outlining the history and science of bacteriology and gives an overview of the diversity and versatility of complex bacteria. It then explains the characterization, identification and naming of complex bacteria, and explores how bacteria can cause disease and how plants react to such disease. The book also discusses the economic importance of bacterial diseases as well as strategies for their control and the reduction of crop losses. It concludes with fifty examples of plant pathogenic bacteria and the diseases that they cause.
Book Synopsis Iron Transport in Microbes, Plants, and Animals by : Günther Winkelmann
Download or read book Iron Transport in Microbes, Plants, and Animals written by Günther Winkelmann and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 1987 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive treatise on iron transport in bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals summarizes the current state of knowledge on the subject.
Book Synopsis The Mungbean Genome by : Ramakrishnan M. Nair
Download or read book The Mungbean Genome written by Ramakrishnan M. Nair and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reports on the current global status of mungbean and its economic importance. Mungbean (Vigna radiata)—also called green gram—is an important food and cash crop in the rice-based farming systems of South and Southeast Asia, but is also grown in other parts of the world. Its short duration, low input requirement and high global demand make mungbean an ideal rotation crop for smallholder farmers. The book describes mungbean collections maintained by various organizations and their utilization, especially with regard to adapting mungbean to new environments. It provides an overview of the progress made in breeding for tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses; nutritional quality enhancement including genomics approaches; and outlines future challenges for mungbean cultivation. In addition, genomic approaches to evaluating the evolutionary relationship between Vigna species and addressing questions concerning domestication, adaptation and genotype–phenotype relationships are also discussed
Book Synopsis Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity by : Surajit de Mandal
Download or read book Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity written by Surajit de Mandal and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are a major part of the Earth's biological diversity. Although a lot of research has been done on microbial diversity, most of it is fragmented. This book creates the need for a unified text to be published, full of information about microbial diversity from highly reputed and impactful sources. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity brings a comprehensive understanding of the recent advances in microbial diversity research focused on different bodily systems, such as the gut. Recent Advancements in Microbial Diversity also discusses how the application of advanced sequencing technologies is used to reveal previously unseen microbial diversity and show off its function. - Gives insight into microbial diversity in different bodily systems - Explains novel approaches to studying microbial diversity - Highlights the use of omics to analyze the microbial community and its functional attributes - Discusses the techniques used to examine microbial diversity, including their applications and respective strengths and weaknesses
Book Synopsis Plant Tolerance to Individual and Concurrent Stresses by : Muthappa Senthil-Kumar
Download or read book Plant Tolerance to Individual and Concurrent Stresses written by Muthappa Senthil-Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-21 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on multiple plant stresses and the molecular basis of adaptation, addressing the molecular mechanism and adaptation for both abiotic and biotic stresses. Ensuring the yield of crop plants grown under multiple individual and/or combined stresses is essential to sustaining productivity. In this regard, the development of broad-spectrum stress-tolerant plants is important. However, to date information has largely been compiled only on the individual stress tolerance mechanisms, and the mechanisms behind plants’ tolerance to two or more individual or simultaneous stresses are not fully understood. Especially combinatorial stress, a new stress altogether, has only recently been made the object of systematic study. Now several research groups around the world have begun exploring the concurrent stress tolerance mechanisms under both biotic and abiotic stress combinations. This book presents contributions from various experts, highlighting the findings of their multiple individual and concurrent stress tolerance dissection studies.
Book Synopsis Of Urfs And Orfs by : Russell F. Doolittle
Download or read book Of Urfs And Orfs written by Russell F. Doolittle and published by University Science Books. This book was released on 1986 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these days of facile cloning and rapid DNA sequencing, it is not uncommon for investigators to find themselves with a DNA sequence that may or may not code for a known gene product. The sequence is 'open' when read in an appropriate frame, which is to say that there is a long run of amino acid codons before the appearance of a terminator codon. How can we find out if this 'unidentified reading frame' (URF) really codes for a genuine protein, and how can we identify it if it exists? There are two general strategies, both of which can also be applied to the characterization of any 'open reading frame' (ORF), whether or not it has been 'identified'. The first and simplest approach involves computer searching and analysis; the second employs antibodies raised against synthetic peptides patterned on the sequence of the expected gene product. Both methods have been used with great success by many investigators. Each has, nonetheless, its pitfalls and frustrations. This primer is meant to guide the researcher past those obstacles as much as possible. Graduate students and researchers interested in amino acid sequencing; molecular biologists, biochemists, chemists, and biotechnologists.
Book Synopsis Catalogue of the Collections of the Bostonian Society in the Memorial Halls of the Old State House by : Bostonian Society
Download or read book Catalogue of the Collections of the Bostonian Society in the Memorial Halls of the Old State House written by Bostonian Society and published by Wentworth Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
