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Characterization Of Sub Seabed Fluid Flow And Hydrate Systems At Nyegga Offshore Mid Norway Integration Of Seismic Imaging And Velocity Modeling
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Sub-seabed Fluid Flow and Hydrate Systems at Nyegga, Offshore Mid-Norway: Integration of Seismic Imaging and Velocity Modeling by : Andreia Plaza-Faverola
Download or read book Characterization of Sub-seabed Fluid Flow and Hydrate Systems at Nyegga, Offshore Mid-Norway: Integration of Seismic Imaging and Velocity Modeling written by Andreia Plaza-Faverola and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 3-D Seismic Analysis of Fluid Flow and Mass Wasting Along the Levant Margin, Offshore Israel and Mid Norwegian Margin, Offshore Norway by : Ovie Emmanuel Eruteya
Download or read book 3-D Seismic Analysis of Fluid Flow and Mass Wasting Along the Levant Margin, Offshore Israel and Mid Norwegian Margin, Offshore Norway written by Ovie Emmanuel Eruteya and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tectono-Magmatism, Metallogenesis, and Sedimentation at Convergent Margins by : Meng Wang
Download or read book Tectono-Magmatism, Metallogenesis, and Sedimentation at Convergent Margins written by Meng Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Convergent plate margins are important places for material and energy recycling of the Earth, in particular major sites for continental growth, reworking, and recycling. They exhibit as narrow belt structure in the rigid outer layer of the Earth, corresponding to subduction zones at lithospheric mantle depths and orogenic belts at crustal depths. The type, geometry, and thermal structure of subduction zones have critical impacts on subduction processes and nature of products, resulting in a variety of magmatic rocks and ore deposits at convergent margins. Identification and classification of the physical structure and chemical variation at convergent margins as well as confirming their correlation with specific subduction types and stages are of pivotality to understand the spatiotemporal interaction between asthenosphere and lithosphere in orogenic belts. For places where magmatic arcs get partially or entirely destroyed by surface and/or subduction erosion, adjacent sedimentary rocks are ideal geological records for paleotectonic reconstruction.
Book Synopsis Subsurface Fluid Flow and Imaging by : Donald Wyman Vasco
Download or read book Subsurface Fluid Flow and Imaging written by Donald Wyman Vasco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-07-21 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces methodologies for subsurface imaging based upon asymptotic and trajectory-based methods for modeling fluid flow, transport and deformation. It describes trajectory-based imaging from its mathematical formulation, through the construction and solution of the imaging equations, to the assessment of the accuracy and resolution associated with the image. Unique in its approach, it provides a unified framework for the complete spectrum of physical phenomena from wave-like hyperbolic problems to diffusive parabolic problems and non-linear problems of mixed character. The practical aspects of imaging, particularly efficient and robust methods for updating high resolution geologic models using fluid flow, transport and geophysical data, are emphasized throughout the book. Complete with online software applications and examples that enable readers to gain hands-on experience, this volume is an invaluable resource for graduate-level courses, as well as for academic researchers and industry practitioners in the fields of geoscience, hydrology, and petroleum and environmental engineering.
Book Synopsis Velocity Analysis from Seismic Data and Acoustic Modelling of the Seafloor in the Barents Sea by : Anker Monrad Berge
Download or read book Velocity Analysis from Seismic Data and Acoustic Modelling of the Seafloor in the Barents Sea written by Anker Monrad Berge and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mound and Vent Structures Associated with Gas Hydrates Offshore Vancouver Island: Analysis of Single-channel and Deep-towed Multichannel Seismic Data by :
Download or read book Mound and Vent Structures Associated with Gas Hydrates Offshore Vancouver Island: Analysis of Single-channel and Deep-towed Multichannel Seismic Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study focuses mainly on two gas hydrate-related targets, located on the Northern Cascadia Margin, offshore Vancouver Island: (1) a recently identified 70-80-m high carbonate mound, Cucumber Ridge, located ~3.5-km west of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 889 and Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Site U1327, and (2) a large cold vent, Bullseye vent, which is up to ~500 m in diameter and was drilled by IODP at Site U1328. The objective of this thesis is to analyze seismic data that provide indicators of locally focused fluid flow and characteristics of the gas hydrate occurrence associated with these two features. A grid of closely-spaced single channel seismic (SCS) data was collected at Cucumber Ridge in July/August 2001, and deep-towed multichannel seismic (MCS) lines were collected using Deep-towed Acoustics and Geophysics System (DTAGS) at the Bullseye vent area and at Cucumber Ridge in October 2002. The high-resolution SCS data, with a frequency bandpass of 40-150 Hz, recorded coherent reflectivity down to about 400 m beneath the seafloor, and provide excellent images of the subseafloor structure of Cucumber Ridge and of the gas hydrate bottom-simulating reflector (BSR) beneath it. Cucumber Ridge is interpreted to have developed as a structural topographic high in the hanging wall of a large reverse fault formed at the base of the current seaward slope. The fault zone provides pathways for fluids including gas to migrate to the seafloor where diagenetic carbonate forms and cements the near-surface sediments. Over the seismic grid, heat flow was derived from the depth of the BSR. A simple 2-D analytical correction for theoretical heat flow variations due to topography is applied to the data. Across the mound, most of the variability in heat flow is explained by topographic effects, including a local 6 mW/m2 negative anomaly over the central mound and a large 20 mW/m2 positive anomaly over the mound steep side slope. However, just south of the mound, th.
Book Synopsis 3-D Travel Time Tomography of the Gas Hydrate Area Offshore Vancouver Island Based on OBS Data by : Mikhail Mikhailovich Zykov
Download or read book 3-D Travel Time Tomography of the Gas Hydrate Area Offshore Vancouver Island Based on OBS Data written by Mikhail Mikhailovich Zykov and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Imaging of Gas Hydrate Reservoir Heterogeneities by : Jun-Wei Huang
Download or read book Seismic Imaging of Gas Hydrate Reservoir Heterogeneities written by Jun-Wei Huang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas hydrate, a type of inclusion compound or clathrate, are composed of gas molecules trapped within a cage of water molecules. The presence of gas hydrate has been confirmed by core samples recovered from boreholes. Interests in the distribution of natural gas hydrate stem from its potential as a future energy source, geohazard to drilling activities and their possible impact on climate change. However the current geophysical investigations of gas hydrate reservoirs are still too limited to fully resolve the location and the total amount of gas hydrate due to its complex nature of distribution. The goal of this thesis is twofold, i.e., to model (1) the heterogeneous gas hydrate reservoirs and (2) seismic wave propagation in the presence of heterogeneities in order to address the fundamental questions: where are the location and occurrence of gas hydrate and how much is stored in the sediments.Seismic scattering studies predict that certain heterogeneity scales and velocity contrasts will generate strong scattering and wave mode conversion. Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) techniques can be used to calibrate seismic characterization of gas hydrate expressions on surface seismograms. To further explore the potential of VSP in detecting the heterogeneities, a wave equation based approach for P- and S-wave separation is developed. Tests on synthetic data as well as applications to field data suggest alternative acquisition geometries for VSP to enable wave mode separation.A new reservoir modeling technique based on random medium theory is developed to construct heterogeneous multi-variable models that mimic heterogeneities of hydrate-bearing sediments at the level of detail provided by borehole logging data. Using this new technique, I modeled the density, and P- and S-wave velocities in combination with a modified Biot-Gassmann theory and provided a first order estimate of the in situ volume of gas hydrate near the Mallik 5L-38 borehole. Our results suggest a range of 528 to 768x10 6 m3/km2 of natural gas trapped within hydrate, nearly an order of magnitude lower than earlier estimates which excluded effects of small-scale heterogeneities. Further, the petrophysical models are combined with a 3-D Finite Difference method to study seismic attenuation. Thus a framework is built to further tune the models of gas hydrate reservoirs with constraints from well logs other disciplinary data.
Book Synopsis Velocity estimation from seismic data by nonlinear inversion and characterization of gas hydrate deposits offshore Oregon by : Chengshu Wang
Download or read book Velocity estimation from seismic data by nonlinear inversion and characterization of gas hydrate deposits offshore Oregon written by Chengshu Wang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Resolution 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Fluid Flow Systems and Sediment Remobilization in Sedimentary Basins by : Olawumi Owolabi
Download or read book High Resolution 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Fluid Flow Systems and Sediment Remobilization in Sedimentary Basins written by Olawumi Owolabi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seismic Studies of Gas Hydrate in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Offshore Korea by :
Download or read book Seismic Studies of Gas Hydrate in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea, Offshore Korea written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis work is directed at estimating gas hydrate and free gas distribution and saturation in local structures in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea offshore Korea. The estimates are obtained from a 2-D multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection profile from the basin. Firstly, structures of locally focused upwelling fluid and gas flow were imaged using time-migrated sections and seismic attributes, and secondly seismic velocities were obtained to estimate gas hydrate and free gas saturations. The structures investigated are up to 1 km across, and are characterized by reduced reflectivity ('blank zones') and pulled-up sediment reflectors on the seismic sections. Throughout the study, a comparison is made between the blank zones and areas outside them where not much gas hydrate or gas is expected, to examine their peculiar characteristics as related to the formation of gas hydrate and underlying free gas. The regional depth of possible occurrence of gas hydrate and free gas is determined by predicting the base of the gas hydrate stability zone (BGHSZ) from sediment properties and heat flow estimates calibrated by a few bottom-simulating reflectors (BSRs) from outside the analyzed seismic section. A large number of normal moveout (stacking) velocity profiles were obtained within and outside the blank zones. Interval velocities were then derived by applying the commonly used unconstrained Dix equation as well as by applying constraints to inversion using regularized linear inversion and non-linear Bayesian inversion. The latter method fully explores the uncertainty of the interval velocity estimates. Compared to areas outside the blank zones, the velocities within the blank zones are up to 30% larger at about 30 m above the BGHSZ and up to 65% smaller immediately below the BGHSZ. The velocity increase implies a gas hydrate saturation of 10-40% of the pore space. The velocity decrease implies a free gas saturation of 1-4% of the pore space. Their detailed distribution within.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Deformation and Fluid Flow at Subduction Zones Using Newly Developed Instrumentation and Finite Element Modeling by : Alison Louise LaBonte
Download or read book An Investigation of Deformation and Fluid Flow at Subduction Zones Using Newly Developed Instrumentation and Finite Element Modeling written by Alison Louise LaBonte and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a final proof of concept study, I find that use these hydrologic instruments, which capture unique aseismic flow rate patterns, is a valuable method for extracting information about deformation events on the decollement in the offshore subduction zone margin. Transient flow events observed in the frontal prism during a 1999--2000 deployment of CAT meters on the Costa Rica Pacific margin suggest episodic slow-slip deformation events may be occurring in the shallow subduction zone. The FEM study to infer the character of the hypothetical deformation event driving flow transients verify that indeed, a shallow slow-slip event can reproduce the unique flow rate patterns observed. Along (trench) strike variability in the rupture initiation location, and bidirectional propagation, is one way to explain the opposite sign of flow rate transients observed at different along-strike distances.
Book Synopsis Three-dimensional Seismic Analysis and Modelling of Marine Hydrate Systems Offshore of Mauritania by : Ang Li
Download or read book Three-dimensional Seismic Analysis and Modelling of Marine Hydrate Systems Offshore of Mauritania written by Ang Li and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Investigation of Deformation and Fluid Flow at Subduction Zones Using Newly Developed Instrumentation and Finite Element Modeling by :
Download or read book An Investigation of Deformation and Fluid Flow at Subduction Zones Using Newly Developed Instrumentation and Finite Element Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detecting seafloor deformation events in the offshore convergent margin environment is of particular importance considering the significant seismic hazard at subduction zones. Efforts to gain insight into the earthquake cycle have been made at the Cascadia and Costa Rica subduction margins through recent expansions of onshore GPS and seismic networks.While these studies have given scientists the ability to quantify and locate slip events in the seismogenic zone, there is little technology available for adequately measuring offshore aseismic slip. This dissertation introduces an improved flow meter for detecting seismic and aseismic deformation in submarine environments. The value of suchhydrologic measurements for quantifying the geodetics at offshore margins is verified through a finite element modeling (FEM) study in which the character of deformation in the shallow subduction zone is determined from previously recorded hydrologic events at the Costa Rica Pacific margin.Accurately sensing aseismic events is one key to determining the stress state in subduction zones as these slow-slip events act to load or unload the seismogenic zone during the interseismic period.One method for detecting seismic and aseismic strain events is to monitor the hydrogeologic response to strain events using fluid flow meters. Previous instrumentation, the Chemical Aqueous Transport (CAT) meter which measures flow rates through the sediment-water interface, can detect transient events at very low flow-rates, down to 0.0001 m/yr. The CATmeter performs well in low flow rate environments and can capture gradual changes in flow rate, as might be expected during ultra slow slip events. However, it cannot accurately quantify high flow rates through fractures and conduits, nor does it have the temporal resolution and accuracy required for detecting transient flow events associated with rapid deformation. The Optical Tracer Injection System (OTIS) developed for this purpose is an electronic flow meter that can measure flow rates of 0.1 to >500 m/yr at a temporal resolution of 30 minutes to 0.5 minutes, respectively. Test deployments of the OTIS at cold seeps in the transpressional Monterey Bay demonstrated the OTIS functionality over this range of flow environments. Although no deformation events were detectedduring these test deployments, the OTIS's temporally accurate measurements at the vigorously flowing Monterey Bay cold seep rendered valuable insight into the plumbing of the seep system.In addition to the capability to detect transient flow events, a primary functional requirement of the OTIS was the ability to communicate and transfer data for long-term real-time monitoring deployments. Real-time data transfer from the OTIS to the desktop was successful during a test deployment of the Nootka Observatory, an acoustically-linked moored-buoy system. A small array of CAT meters was also deployed at the Nootkatransform-Cascadia subduction zone triple junction. Four anomalous flow rate events were observed across all four meters during the yearlong deployment. Although the records have low temporal accuracy, a preliminary explanation for the regional changes in flow rate is made through comparison between flow rate records and seismic records. The flow events are thought to be a result of a tectonic deformation event, possibly withan aseismic component. Further constraints are not feasible given the unknown structure of faulting near the triple junction.In a final proof of concept study, I find that use these hydrologic instruments, which capture unique aseismic flow rate patterns, is a valuable method for extracting information about deformation events on the decollement in the offshore subduction zone margin. Transient flow events observed in the frontal prism during a 1999-2000 deployment of CAT meterson the Costa Rica Pacific margin suggest episodic slow-slip deformation events may be occurring in the shallow subduction zone. The FEM study to infer the character of the hypothetical deformation event driving flow transients verify that indeed, a shallow slow-slip event can reproduce the unique flow rate patterns observed. Along (trench) strike variability inthe rupture initiation location, and bidirectional propagation, is one way to explain the opposite sign of flow rate transients observed at different along-strike distances.The larger question stimulated by this dissertation project, is: What are the controls on fault mechanics in offshore subduction zone environments? It appears the shallow subduction zone plate interface doesn't behave solely in response to frictional properties of the sediment lining thedecollement. Shallow episodic slip at the Costa Rica Pacific margin and further north off Nicaragua, where a slow earthquake broke through the shallow 'stable-sliding' zone and resulted in a tsunami, are potentially conceived through the normally faulted incoming basement topography. Scientists should seek to map out the controls of faulting mechanics, whatever they may be, at all temporal and spatial scales in order tounderstand these dynamic subduction zone systems. The quest tounderstanding these controls, in part, requires the characterization of aseismic and seismic strain occurring over time and space. The techniques presented in this dissertation advance scientists' capability for quantifying such strains. With the new instrumentation presented here, long-term real-time observatory networks on the seafloor, and modeling forcharacterization of deformation events, the pieces of the subduction zone earthquake cycle puzzle may start to come together.
Book Synopsis Seismic detection of fluid flow features in hydrocarbon plumbing systems of the north sea and lower congo basin and their integration in basin analysis by :
Download or read book Seismic detection of fluid flow features in hydrocarbon plumbing systems of the north sea and lower congo basin and their integration in basin analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Geomechanical Performance of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Offshore Environments by : Stephen A. Holditch
Download or read book Geomechanical Performance of Hydrate-Bearing Sediments in Offshore Environments written by Stephen A. Holditch and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study is to develop the necessary knowledge base and quantitative predictive capability for the description of geomechanical performance of hydrate bearing sediments (hereafter referred to as HBS) in oceanic environments. The focus is on the determination of the envelope of hydrate stability under conditions typical of those related to the construction and operation of offshore platforms. To achieve this objective, we have developed a robust numerical simulator of hydrate behavior in geologic media by coupling a reservoir model with a commercial geomechanical code. To be sure our geomechanical modeling is realistic, we are also investigating the geomechanical behavior of oceanic HBS using pore-scale models (conceptual and mathematical) of fluid flow, stress analysis, and damage propagation. In Phase II of the project, we will review all published core data and generate additional core data to verify the models. To generate data for our models, we are using data from the literature and we will be conducting laboratory studies in 2007 that generate data to (1) evaluate the conceptual pore-scale models, (2) calibrate the mathematical models, (3) determine dominant relations and critical parameters defining the geomechanical behavior of HBS, and (4) establish relationships between the geomechanical status of HBS and the corresponding geophysical signature. The milestones for Phase I of this project are given as follows: Literature survey on typical sediments containing gas hydrates in the ocean (TAMU); Recommendations on how to create typical sediments in the laboratory (TAMU); Demonstrate that typical sediments can be created in a repeatable manner in the laboratory and gas hydrates can be created in the pore space (TAMU); Develop a conceptual pore-scale model based on available data and reports (UCB); Test the developed pore-scale concepts on simple configurations and verify the results against known measurements and observations (UCB); Complete the FLAC3D routines that will be linked with the reservoir model (LBNL); Complete the TOUGH+/HYDRATE modifications and extensions (LBNL); Complete the TOUGH+/FLAC3D interaction interface (LBNL); Integrate and test the coupled geomechanical numerical model TFxH/FLAC3D (LBNL); and Demonstrate that Petrel can be used to develop an earth model for providing data to the TOUGH+/FLAC3D (SLB).
Book Synopsis INTEGRATED GEOLOGIC-ENGINEERING MODEL FOR REEF AND CARBONATE SHOAL RESERVOIRS ASSOCIATED WITH PALEOHIGHS: UPPER JURASSIC SMACKOVER FORMATION, NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO. by :
Download or read book INTEGRATED GEOLOGIC-ENGINEERING MODEL FOR REEF AND CARBONATE SHOAL RESERVOIRS ASSOCIATED WITH PALEOHIGHS: UPPER JURASSIC SMACKOVER FORMATION, NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Alabama, in cooperation with Texas A & M University, McGill University, Longleaf Energy Group, Strago Petroleum Corporation, and Paramount Petroleum Company, has undertaken an integrated, interdisciplinary geoscientific and engineering research project. The project is designed to characterize and model reservoir architecture, pore systems and rock-fluid interactions at the pore to field scale in Upper Jurassic Smackover reef and carbonate shoal reservoirs associated with varying degrees of relief on pre-Mesozoic basement paleohighs in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico. The project effort includes the prediction of fluid flow in carbonate reservoirs through reservoir simulation modeling which utilizes geologic reservoir characterization and modeling and the prediction of carbonate reservoir architecture, heterogeneity and quality through seismic imaging. The primary goal of the project is to increase the profitability, producibility and efficiency of recovery of oil from existing and undiscovered Upper Jurassic fields characterized by reef and carbonate shoals associated with pre-Mesozoic basement paleohighs. Geoscientific reservoir property, geophysical seismic attribute, petrophysical property, and engineering property characterization has shown that reef (thrombolite) and shoal reservoir lithofacies developed on the flanks of high-relief crystalline basement paleohighs (Vocation Field example) and on the crest and flanks of low-relief crystalline basement paleohighs (Appleton Field example). The reef thrombolite lithofacies have higher reservoir quality than the shoal lithofacies due to overall higher permeabilities and greater interconnectivity. Thrombolite dolostone flow units, which are dominated by dolomite intercrystalline and vuggy pores, are characterized by a pore system comprised of a higher percentage of large-sized pores and larger pore throats. Rock-fluid interactions (diagenesis) studies have shown that although the primary control on reservoir architecture and geographic distribution of Smackover reservoirs is the fabric and texture of the depositional lithofacies, diagenesis (chiefly dolomitization) is a significant factor that preserves and enhances reservoir quality. The evaporative pumping mechanism is favored to explain the dolomitization of the thrombolite doloboundstone and dolostone reservoir flow units at Appleton and Vocation Fields. Geologic modeling, reservoir simulation, and the testing and applying the resulting integrated geologic-engineering models have shown that little oil remains to be recovered at Appleton Field and a significant amount of oil remains to be recovered at Vocation Field through a strategic infill drilling program. The drive mechanisms for primary production in Appleton and Vocation Fields remain effective; therefore, the initiation of a pressure maintenance program or enhanced recovery project is not required at this time. The integrated geologic-engineering model developed for a low-relief paleohigh (Appleton Field) was tested for three scenarios involving the variables of present-day structural elevation and the presence/absence of potential reef thrombolite lithofacies. In each case, the predictions based upon the model were correct. From this modeling, the characteristics of the ideal prospect in the basement ridge play include a low-relief paleohigh associated with dendroidal/chaotic thrombolite doloboundstone and dolostone that has sufficient present-day structural relief so that these carbonates rest above the oil-water contact. Such a prospect was identified from the modeling, and it is located northwest of well Permit No. 3854B (Appleton Field) and south of well No. Permit No. 11030B (Northwest Appleton Field).
