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Characterization Of Secondary Organic Aerosol Precursors Using Two Dimensional Gas Chromatography With Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry Gcxgc Tofms
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosol Precursors Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC×GC/TOFMS) by :
Download or read book Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosol Precursors Using Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC×GC/TOFMS) written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) plays a role in both regional and global air quality through the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA). More than 1000TgC/yr of non-methane VOCs are emitted from biogenic sources (significantly greater than from anthropogenic sources). Despite this magnitude and potential importance for air quality, the body of knowledge around the identities, quantities and oxidation processes of these compounds is still incomplete (e.g., Goldstein & Galbally, 2007; Robinson et al., 2009). Two-dimensional gas chromatography paired with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC/TOFMS) is a powerful analytical technique which is explored here for its role in better characterizing biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) and thus SOA precursors.
Book Synopsis Methods of Collecting and Separating Atmospheric Organic Aerosols for Analysis Using Two-Dimensional Gas and Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry by :
Download or read book Methods of Collecting and Separating Atmospheric Organic Aerosols for Analysis Using Two-Dimensional Gas and Liquid Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the atmosphere, biogenic and anthropogenic emissions are oxidized to form secondary organic aerosols (SOA); however, the identities and concentrations of the compounds formed are inadequately known. In this work an aerosol (gas+particle) collection system was designed and tested in order to more fully characterize atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) that contribute to SOA. Target compounds to be collected were C6 to C20 compounds with oxygenated functional groups such as aldehydes and alcohols. The collection system was designed to allow characterization of atmospheric aerosols using multiple analytical methods: two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight-mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS), with and without derivatization, and two- dimensional liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (LCxLC-MS). The first stage of collection in the system uses a polytetrafluoroethelyne (PTFE) filter to capture the low volatility compounds in the particle phase. The flow is then split for two different collection mechanisms: adsorption thermal desorption (ATD) cartridges for gas phase VOCs, and solid phase extraction (SPE) filters for SVOCs. In order to test the viability of aerosol collection on PTFE filters and subsequent analysis using derivatization, four aerosol samples were collected on PTFE filters at Reed College. The average mass collected over 4 trials was 10.15 [microgram]. The U.S. Department of Energy Environmental and Molecular Science Lab (EMSL) performed extraction and derivatization on the Reed College samples, followed by GC-MS. Results show identifiable peaks that are significantly different than the filter blanks, suggesting that derivatization methods can be used to facilitate identification of relatively polar organic compounds sampled onto PTFE filters. Additional aerosol collection trials were conducted at Portland State University (PSU) using two SPE filters in series to collect gases and particles from tobacco smoke. A literature review was conducted to determine the type of SPE filter, time, and necessary flow rates to collect an optimum amount of sample for analysis. The tobacco smoke PM mass collected was 6mg/2mg and 2mg/0.9mg for trials one and two, respectively (front/back filter). PSU tobacco smoke samples were analyzed at EMSL using GC-MS with derivatization. Results showed successful collection of polar compounds in the semi-volatile range of interest, including alcohols, aldehydes, and phenols. Next steps of this research include collecting aerosol samples with the whole system (PTFE + ATD + SPE) and subsequent analysis of samples using GCxGC-TOFMS, with and without derivatization, and LCxLC-MS. Results to date suggest a more complete characterization of atmospheric organic aerosols can be attained using multiple offline analyses. Further characterization of atmospheric organic aerosols is necessary to improve air quality and climate modeling and develop efficient air quality and climate change mitigation technologies.
Book Synopsis Toward the Complete Characterization of Atmospheric Organic Particulate Matter by : Alexandra Jeanne Boris
Download or read book Toward the Complete Characterization of Atmospheric Organic Particulate Matter written by Alexandra Jeanne Boris and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermally Evolved & Separated Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols by : Yaping Zhang
Download or read book Thermally Evolved & Separated Composition of Atmospheric Aerosols written by Yaping Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric organic aerosols are composed of thousands of individual compounds, interacting with climate through changes in aerosol optical properties and cloud interactions, and can be detrimental to human health. Aerosol mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography (GC)-separated MS measurements have been utilized to better characterize the chemical composition of this material that comes from a variety of sources and experiences continuous oxidation while in the atmosphere. This dissertation describes the development of a novel rapid data analysis method for grouping of major components within chromatography-separated measurements and first application using thermal desorption aerosol gas chromatograph (TAG) -- MS data. Chromatograms are binned and inserted directly into a positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis to determine major contributing components, eliminating the need for manual compound integrations of hundreds of resolved molecules, and incorporating the entirety of the eluting MS signal, including Unresolved Complex Mixtures (UCM) and decomposition products that are often ignored in traditional GC-MS analysis. Binned GC-MS data has three dimensions: (1) mass spectra index m/z, (2) bin number, and (3) sample number. PMF output is composed of two dimensions; factor profiles and factor time series. The specific arrangement of the input data (three dimensions of variation structured as a two dimensional matrix) in a two dimensional PMF analysis affects the structure of the PMF profiles and time series output. If mass spectra index is in the profile dimension, and bin number and sample number are in the time series dimension, PMF groups components into factors with similar mass spectra, such as major contributing individual compounds, UCM with similar functional composition, and homologous compound series. This type of PMF analysis is described as the binning method for chromatogram deconvolution, and is presented in Chapter 2. If the sample number is in the time series dimension, and the bin number and mass spectra index, arranged as mass spectra resolved retention time/chromatogram (bin number), are in the profile dimension, PMF groups components with similar time series trends. This type of PMF analysis is described as binning method for source apportionment, and is described in Chapter 3. The binning methods are compared to traditional compound integration methods using previously-collected hourly ambient samples from Riverside, CA during the 2005 Study of Organic Aerosols at Riverside (SOAR) field campaign, as discussed in Chapters 2-3. Further application of the binning method for source apportionment is performed on newly acquired hourly TAG data from East St. Louis, IL, operated as part of the 2013 St. Louis Air Quality Regional Study (SLAQRS). Major sources of biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA), anthropogenic primary organic aerosol (POA) were identified, as described in detail in Chapter 4. Finally, our PMF separation method was tested for reliability using primary and secondary sources in a controlled laboratory system. As shown in Chapter 5, we find that for application of PMF on receptor measurements, high signal intensity and unique measurement profiles, like those found in TAG chromatograms, are keys to successful source apportionment. The binning method with component separation by PMF may be a valuable analysis technique for other complex data sets that incorporate measurements (e.g., mass spectrometry, spectroscopy, etc.) with additional separations (e.g., volatility, hygroscopicity, electrical mobility, etc.).
Book Synopsis The Use of Comprehensive Gas Chromatography and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Organic Aerosol Composition by :
Download or read book The Use of Comprehensive Gas Chromatography and Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry in the Analysis of Organic Aerosol Composition written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry by : Felipe Daniel Lopez-Hilfiker
Download or read book A Molecular Characterization of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol by High-resolution Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry written by Felipe Daniel Lopez-Hilfiker and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The guiding question to this research is: To what extent and by what mechanisms do biogenic volatile organic compounds contribute to atmospheric aerosol mass? To address this question we need to understand the chemistry that produces condensable vapors which when in the presence of particles may partition onto the aerosol surface depending on their chemical and physical properties. I developed an insitu gas and aerosol sampling system, the FIGAERO (Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsol) to speciate gas and particle phase organics derived from photochemical reactions with biogenic volatile organic compounds under both field and laboratory conditions. By coupling the FIGAERO to a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer (HR-TOF-CIMS) I am able to elucidate chemical pathways by identifying elemental compositions and in some cases functional groups present in the detected molecular ions. The coupling of the FIGAERO to the HR-TOF-CIMS also allows the estimation of effective vapor pressures of the aerosol components and this information can be used to improve vapor pressure models and test associated partitioning theories and parameterizations. The approach also provides hundreds of speciated chemical tracers that can be correlated with traditional environmental and chemical measurements (e.g AMS, NOx, SO2, SMPS, VOC) to help derive sources and sinks and to constrain the mechanisms responsible for the formation and growth of organic aerosol. Measurements obtained across a wide range of conditions and locations allowing connections and contrasts between different chemical systems, providing insights into generally controlling factors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and its properties.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practice of Analytical Techniques in Geosciences by : Kliti Grice
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Analytical Techniques in Geosciences written by Kliti Grice and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-08-27 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pace of revolution in analytical chemistry in the field of Geosciences has been dramatic over recent decades and includes fundamental developments that have become common place in many related and unrelated disciplines. The analytical tools (nano to macro-scale from stable to radioactive isotopes, compound specific sulfur isotopes) used have been applied to wide-ranging applications from inorganic to organic geochemistry, biodiversity and chronological tools, to build an understanding of how the Earth system evolved to its present state. This book will provide an essential guide to exploring the earth’s natural resources and changing climate by detection science. Individual chapters bring together expertise from across the globe to present a comprehensive outlook on the analytical technologies available to the geoscientist today. Experienced researchers will appreciate the broad treatment of the subject as a valuable reference, while students and those new to the field will quickly gain an appreciation of both the techniques at hand, and the importance of constructing, and analysing, the complex data sets they can generate.
Book Synopsis Multidimensional Chromatography by : Luigi Mondello
Download or read book Multidimensional Chromatography written by Luigi Mondello and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-02-15 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mehrdimensionale Chromatographie im analytischen Labor: Dieses Buch bespricht erstmals alle gängigen Verfahren sowie Anwendungen auf verschiedensten Gebieten, von der Pharmazie, Biologie und Chemie bis hin zur Umwelttechnik und erdölverarbeitender Industrie. Die Autoren sind selbst aktiv in der einschlägigen Forschung tätig.
Book Synopsis Development and Use of Particle Into Liquid Sampling Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (PILS-ToF) for Characterization of Aerosol Particles by : Christopher Holmes Clark
Download or read book Development and Use of Particle Into Liquid Sampling Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry (PILS-ToF) for Characterization of Aerosol Particles written by Christopher Holmes Clark and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation introduces and makes use of the Particle-into-Liquid-Sampler coupled to a Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer (PILS-ToF), a new instrumental method used here to provide new chemical characterization information on secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The PILS-ToF instrument improves upon drawbacks found in current state-of-the-art mass spectral chemical characterization methods to include lack of time resolution and ion fragmentation by electron impact ionization in the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). The functionality of the PILS-ToF for collection and response to SOA particle formation is validated against a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), a widely accepted and standardized physical chemical characterization instrument, for a well characterized SOA formation experiment, dark ozonolysis of [alpja]-pinene. The PILS-ToF is also used to lend insight into oligomer growth during the NO photo-oxidation of isoprene. It is of atmospheric importance to study SOA formation from isoprene as it is globally the most abundant non-methane hydrocarbon in the ambient. SOA from isoprene is further studied using the PILS-ToF as part of the suite instrumentation at the University of California, Riverside, College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT) atmospheric chamber providing a complete chemical and physical characterization of SOA formed by isoprene with various oxidants under a myriad of oxidant concentration conditions. In addition, the PILS-ToF is used, again in tandem with other chemical and physical characterization methods at CE-CERT, to probe temperature effects on SOA formation from isoprene under many different oxidizing conditions. Finally, the PILS-ToF is used to provide new mechanistic information on SOA formation from trimethylamine and tributylamine, two tertiary amines emitted from anthropogenic and animal husbandry processes. For these two teriary amines the PILS-ToF provides evidence of oligomerization giving a potential explanation to the high SOA yields from these parent compounds.
Book Synopsis Handbook of GC/MS by : Hans-Joachim Hübschmann
Download or read book Handbook of GC/MS written by Hans-Joachim Hübschmann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-03 with total page 735 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive reference work for GC/MS now in its second edition. It offers broad coverage, from sample preparation to the evaluation of MS-Data, including library searches. Fundamentals, techniques, and applications are described. A large part of the book is devoted to numerous examples for GC/MS-applications in environmental, food, pharmaceutical and clinical analysis. These proven examples come from the daily practice of various laboratories. The book also features a glossary of terms and a substance index that helps the reader to find information for his particular analytical problem. The author presents in a consistent and clear style his experience from numerous user workshops which he has organized. This is a thoroughly revised and updated English edition based on an edition which was highly successful in Germany.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction by : Janusz Pawliszyn
Download or read book Handbook of Solid Phase Microextraction written by Janusz Pawliszyn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-12-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relatively new technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) is an important tool to prepare samples both in the lab and on-site. SPME is a "green" technology because it eliminates organic solvents from analytical laboratory and can be used in environmental, food and fragrance, and forensic and drug analysis. This handbook offers a thorough background of the theory and practical implementation of SPME. SPME protocols are presented outlining each stage of the method and providing useful tips and potential pitfalls. In addition, devices and fiber coatings, automated SPME systems, SPME method development, and In Vivo applications are discussed. This handbook is essential for its discussion of the latest SPME developments as well as its in depth information on the history, theory, and practical application of the method. - Practical application of Solid Phase Microextraction methods including detailed steps - Provides history of extraction methods to better understand the process - Suitable for all levels, from beginning student to experienced practitioner
Book Synopsis Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere by Using Mass Spectrometric Approaches by : Farhat Yasmeen
Download or read book Characterization of Secondary Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere by Using Mass Spectrometric Approaches written by Farhat Yasmeen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mathematical Chemistry and Chemoinformatics by : Adalbert Kerber
Download or read book Mathematical Chemistry and Chemoinformatics written by Adalbert Kerber and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 20 years of experience in molecular structure generation, from conceptualization through to applications Innovative, interdisciplinary text demonstrating example queries with software packages such as MOLGEN-online Detailed explanations on establishing QSPRs and QSARs as well as structure elucidation using mass spectrometry and structure generation. Aims and Scope This work provides an introduction to mathematical modeling of molecules and the resulting applications (structure generation, structure elucidation, QSAR/QSPR etc.). Most chemists have experimented with some software that represents molecules in an electronic form, and such models and applications are of increasing interest in diverse and growing fields such as drug discovery, environmental science and metabolomics. Furthermore, structure generation remains the only way to systematically create molecules that are not (yet) present in a database. This book starts with the mathematical theory behind representing molecules, explaining chemical concepts in mathematical terms and providing exercises that can be completed online. The later chapters cover applications of the theory, with detailed explanations on QSPR and QSAR investigations and finally structure elucidation combining mass spectrometry and structure generation. This book is aimed in particular at the users of structure generation methods and corresponding techniques, but also for those interested in teaching and learning mathematical chemistry, and for software designers in chemoinformatics.
Book Synopsis An Investigation of the Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Volatility in Mixtures of Anthropogenic and Biogenic Precursors Using Smog Chamber Experiments by : Aristeidis Voliotis
Download or read book An Investigation of the Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Volatility in Mixtures of Anthropogenic and Biogenic Precursors Using Smog Chamber Experiments written by Aristeidis Voliotis and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Plant Volatile Analysis by : Hans F. Linskens
Download or read book Plant Volatile Analysis written by Hans F. Linskens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-04-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers a vast array of methods for the analysis of volatile compounds exuded by plants. Some of these volatiles are of great commercial importance, including the aromas of wines and teas, and volatiles in fruits. Other volatiles such as essential oils can be useful for chemotaxonomic purposes, and a chapter on an emerging method, that of chemometric analysis of such data, is included. Isoprene and ammonia rarely find a place in analytical methods presented for plant materials, but methods for these volatiles are described in this book. The volatiles given off by flowers are also included, and in situ headspace analysis of these volatiles is described, a method of potential use for the study of insect-plant interactions.
Book Synopsis Molecular Characterization and Quantification of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol in Fine Particulate Matter from Confirous Forest Sites Using Liquid Chromatography/(-)electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry by : Yadian Gómez González
Download or read book Molecular Characterization and Quantification of Biogenic Secondary Organic Aerosol in Fine Particulate Matter from Confirous Forest Sites Using Liquid Chromatography/(-)electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by Yadian Gómez González and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Determination of Secondary Organic Aerosol Sources, Precursors, and Properties Using Novel Measurement and Modeling Techniques by : Giulia Stefenelli
Download or read book Determination of Secondary Organic Aerosol Sources, Precursors, and Properties Using Novel Measurement and Modeling Techniques written by Giulia Stefenelli and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
