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Characterization Of Deep Level States In Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Solar Cells By The Steady State Photocapacitance Method
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Deep Level States in Cadmium Telluride Thin-film Solar Cells by the Steady-state Photocapacitance Method by : Toru Takamiya
Download or read book Characterization of Deep Level States in Cadmium Telluride Thin-film Solar Cells by the Steady-state Photocapacitance Method written by Toru Takamiya and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells by : Daniel Abou-Ras
Download or read book Advanced Characterization Techniques for Thin Film Solar Cells written by Daniel Abou-Ras and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-07-13 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on advanced characterization methods for thin-film solar cells that have proven their relevance both for academic and corporate photovoltaic research and development. After an introduction to thin-film photovoltaics, highly experienced experts report on device and materials characterization methods such as electroluminescence analysis, capacitance spectroscopy, and various microscopy methods. In the final part of the book simulation techniques are presented which are used for ab-initio calculations of relevant semiconductors and for device simulations in 1D, 2D and 3D. Building on a proven concept, this new edition also covers thermography, transient optoelectronic methods, and absorption and photocurrent spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis Study of Deep Level Defects of N+-CdS/P-CdTe Solar Cells by : Poonam Rani Kharangarh
Download or read book Study of Deep Level Defects of N+-CdS/P-CdTe Solar Cells written by Poonam Rani Kharangarh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Among various photovoltaic materials, polycrystalline cadmium telluride thin film is now the most promising material, due to its low production cost excellent stability and reliability. Current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements of CdTe photovoltaic devices at different temperatures can provide valuable information about non-idealities in the n-p semiconductor junction. There are certain limitations which limit the efficiency of CdTe solar cells. There is no real distinction between defects and impurities in CdTe solar cells as both act as beneficial dopants or detrimental traps unlike Si where intentional shallow dopants and traps are distinctly different. Therefore, the role of defect states on CdTe solar cell performance, the effect of processing on defect states, and simple and effective characterization techniques must be investigated and identified. In this research the thin film n+-CdS/p-CdTe solar cells made with evaporated Cu as a primary back contact, are characterized by using the temperature dependence of the reverse bias diode current (J-V-T) to determine the energy levels of deep defects. The results of the J-V-T measurements on solar cells made at NJIT show that while modest amounts of Cu enhance cell performance, an excessive high temperature annealing step degrades device quality and reduces efficiency. This work addresses the error that can be introduced during defect energy level estimation if the temperature dependence of the carrier capture cross-section is neglected. Therefore, the location of traps is derived using a Shockley-Read-Hall recombination model with modified assumptions. A Cu-related deep level defect with activation energy of 0.57eV is observed for Cu evaporated back contact cells and an intrinsic defect with activation energy 0.89eV is found. Frequency dispersion in Capacitance-Voltage measurements confirms the presence of Cu-related deep level traps for cells with a Cu evaporated back contact, whereas no such defects are observed in carbon paste contact. The behavior is believed to be due to diffusion of excess Cu from the contact. It is further observed that majority carrier deep level traps (Cu-related or intrinsic) contribute differently to the degradation of electronic properties of the CdTe solar cells. A simple and effective characterization technique based on temperature dependent capacitance spectroscopy (TDCS) is used to identify majority carrier trapping defects in thin film n+-CdS/p-CdTe solar cell, made with evaporated Cu as a primary back contact. The distinct deep level traps, observed by TDCS seem to be due to the ionization of impurity centers located in the depletion region of n+-CdS/p-CdTe junction.
Author :Mowafak Al-Jassim Publisher :Institution of Engineering and Technology ISBN 13 :1839530235 Total Pages :457 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (395 download)
Book Synopsis Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells by : Mowafak Al-Jassim
Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Multi-wavelength Characterization of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell -- Development of Q-EBIC and NSOM Measurement Techniques by : Anthony Giacomo Gianfrancesco
Download or read book Multi-wavelength Characterization of Cadmium Telluride Solar Cell -- Development of Q-EBIC and NSOM Measurement Techniques written by Anthony Giacomo Gianfrancesco and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Thin-film inorganic solar cells, such as CdTe, have demonstrated the most promise to date for a viable low-cost renewable energy resource. Their current performance, however, is far from the theoretical limit suffering from significant charge recombination losses due to grain boundaries and point defects. It is likely that the microscopic compositions of grain bulk and grain boundaries are significantly different and not optimal for the overall device performance. Good understanding of charge transport along and across the grain boundaries and other microscopic interfaces is lacking, preventing the development of reliable and predictive device models. The insufficient microscopic understanding hinders efficient characterization of photovoltaic materials and also holds back the development of process control techniques. We first show preliminary results for a novel technique, quantum-dot electron-beam induced current to characterize semiconductors in the near-field. We also propose the use of near-field optical scanning microscopy for high precision optical excitation and for local, high-resolution characterization. These imaging techniques are examined with the goal of synthesizing information obtained by both methods, of material phenomena at the relevant length scales, to other measurement methods. The most important nanoscale phenomena being the separation of compositional and electrical effects.
Book Synopsis High Efficiency Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride Based Thin-film Solar Cells by :
Download or read book High Efficiency Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride Based Thin-film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to improve the basic understanding of CdTe and ZnTe alloys by growing and characterizing these films along with cell fabrication. The major objective was to develop wide-band-gap (1.6--1.8 eV) material for the top cell, along with compatible window material and transparent ohmic contacts, so that a cascade cell design can be optimized. Front-wall solar cells were fabricated with a glass/SnO2/CdS window, where the CdS film is thin to maximize transmission and current. Wide-band-gap absorber films (E{sub g} = 1.75 eV) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques, which provided excellent control for tailoring the film composition and properties. CdZnTe films were grown by both MBE and MOCVD. All the as-grown films were characterized by several techniques (surface photovoltage spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) for composition, bulk uniformity, thickness, and film and interface quality. Front-wall-type solar cells were fabricated in collaboration with Ametek Materials Research Laboratory using CdTe and CdZnTe polycrystalline absorber films. The effects of processing on ternary film were studied by AES and XPS coupled with capacitance voltage and current voltage measurements as a function of temperature. Bias-dependent spectral response and electrical measurements were used to test some models in order to identify and quantify dominant loss mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Electrical Characterization of Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells by : Darshini Desai
Download or read book Electrical Characterization of Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells written by Darshini Desai and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic device modeling results obtained using AMPS (Analysis of microelectronic and photonic structures) suggest that the dominant recombination mechanism is the SRH recombination through midgap states.
Book Synopsis Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 by : Don Louis Morel
Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 written by Don Louis Morel and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thin Film Cadmium Telluride, Zinc Telluride, and Mercury Zinc Telluride Solar Cells. Final Subcontract Report, 1 July 1988--31 December 1991 by :
Download or read book Thin Film Cadmium Telluride, Zinc Telluride, and Mercury Zinc Telluride Solar Cells. Final Subcontract Report, 1 July 1988--31 December 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes research to demonstrate (1) thin film cadmium telluride solar cells with a quantum efficiency of 75% or higher at 0. 44 [mu]m and a photovoltaic efficiency of 11.5% or greater, and (2) thin film zinc telluride and mercury zinc telluride solar cells with a transparency to sub-band-gap radiation of 65% and a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of 5% and 8%, respectively. Work was directed at (1) depositing transparent conducting semiconductor films by solution growth and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique, (2) depositing CdTe films by close-spaced sublimation (CSS) and MOCVD techniques, (3) preparing and evaluating thin film CdTe solar cells, and (4) preparing and characterizing thin film ZnTe, CD[sub 1-x]Zn[sub 1-x]Te, and Hg[sub 1-x]Zn[sub x]Te solar cells. The deposition of CdS films from aqueous solutions was investigated in detail, and their crystallographic, optical, and electrical properties were characterized. CdTe films were deposited from DMCd and DIPTe at 400[degrees]C using TEGa and AsH[sub 3] as dopants. CdTe films deposited by CSS had significantly better microstructures than those deposited by MOCVD. Deep energy states in CdTe films deposited by CSS and MOCVD were investigated. Thin films of ZnTe, Cd[sub 1- x]Zn[sub x]Te, and Hg[sub 1-x]Zn[sub x]Te were deposited by MOCVD, and their crystallographic, optical, and electrical properties were characterized. 67 refs.
Book Synopsis Controlled Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications (emerging Materials Systems for Solar Cell Applications). Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 9, 1979-January 8, 1980 by :
Download or read book Controlled Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications (emerging Materials Systems for Solar Cell Applications). Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 9, 1979-January 8, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main emphasis during the third quarter of the program was on the improvement of the quality of sputtered films, their characterization and use in the fabrication of Schottky barrier type diodes and solar cell structures. Films prepared under different conditions and on different substrates were examined by SEM showing nodular growths under certain conditions. I-V, C-V and photovoltaic characteristics were measured on numerous samples based on n- and p-type films on Ni substrates having top metallization of either evaporated Au and Al. The n-type samples showed up to 200mV V/sub oc/ and small short-circuit currents. The characteristics observed are indicative of the presence of interfacial layer and surface states. Surface state's capacitance were measured on p-type samples metallized with Au.
Book Synopsis Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells by : Ting L. Chu
Download or read book Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells written by Ting L. Chu and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on thin-film cadmium telluride and zinc phosphide solar cells describes work on the deposition of CdTe films by direct combination of Cd and Te vapor on foreign substrates, with emphasis on the resistivity control of p-type films and on the reduction of p-CdTe/substrate interface resistance. CdTe films deposited on graphite substrates were all p-type, regardless of substrate temperature or reactant composition. Deposition and characterization of window materials also continued. Thin-film CdTe heterojunction solar cells were also prepared and characterized. The best CdS/CdTe cells in this work have had an AM1 efficiency of about 6.5% and the best ITO/CdTe cell to date has had an AM1 efficiency of about 8%.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 1684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells by : Ting L. Chu
Download or read book Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells written by Ting L. Chu and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on thin-film cadmium telluride and zinc phosphide solar cells describes work on the deposition of CdTe films by direct combination of Cd and Te vapor on foreign substrates, with emphasis on the resistivity control of p-type films and on the reduction of p-CdTe/substrate interface resistance. CdTe films deposited on graphite substrates were all p-type, regardless of substrate temperature or reactant composition. Deposition and characterization of window materials also continued. Thin-film CdTe heterojunction solar cells were also prepared and characterized. The best CdS/CdTe cells in this work have had an AM1 efficiency of about 6.5% and the best ITO/CdTe cell to date has had an AM1 efficiency of about 8%.
Book Synopsis Non-Uniformities in Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence: Preprint by :
Download or read book Non-Uniformities in Thin-Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence and Photoluminescence: Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the purpose of this research to develop specific imaging techniques that have the potential to be fast, in-line tools for quality control in thin-film CdTe solar cells. Electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) are two techniques that are currently under investigation on CdTe small area devices made at Colorado State University. It is our hope to significantly advance theunderstanding of EL and PL measurements as applied to CdTe. Qualitative analysis of defects and non-uniformities is underway on CdTe using EL, PL, and other imaging techniques.
Book Synopsis Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells. Final Technical Report, July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 by :
Download or read book Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells. Final Technical Report, July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts during this program have been directed to the construction of apparatus for the chemical vapor deposition of cadmium telluride films, the selection and preparation of substrates, the deposition and characterization of cadmium telluride films, and the fabrication and characterization of solar cells. Cadmium telluride films have been deposited on a number of substrates by the direct combination of cadmium and tellurium on the substrate surface at 500°C or higher at rates of up to 0.6 .mu.m/min. The structural, crystallographic, and electrical properties of cadmium telluride films deposited over a wide range of conditions have been evaluated. A series of doping experiments have been carried out using iodine and indium as the n-type dopant, and phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony as the p-type dopant. Low resistivity films have not been produced thus far. In/W/graphite substrates have been used for the deposition of n-type films with an ohmic interface. However, no suitable substrates have been found to form an ohmic interface with p-type films. Solar cells prepared from these films exhibit relatively good short-circuit current density, up to 15 mA/cm2, but their conversion efficiencies are severely limited by the high series resistance of the devices. It is believed that low resistivity cadmium telluride films can be prepared by optimizing the deposition conditions. In parallel with the search of substrates with low interface resistance, back wall cells, such as p-CdTe/n-CdS/ITO/glass(substrate), should be investigated.
Book Synopsis Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells. Final Technical Report for Period July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 by :
Download or read book Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells. Final Technical Report for Period July 1, 1979-August 31, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this contract are to investigate thin films of cadmium telluride on low cost substrates and to determine the feasibility of using these films for high efficiency solar cells. Efforts during this program have been directed to the construction of apparatus for the chemical vapor deposition of cadmium telluride films, the selection and preparation of substrates, the deposition and characterization of cadmium telluride films, and the fabrication and characterization of solar cells. Cadmium telluride films have been deposited on a number of substrates by the direct combination of cadmium and tellurium on the substrate surface at 500°C or higher at rates of up to 0.6 .mu.m/min. The structural, crystallographic, and electrical properties of cadmium telluride films deposited over a wide range of conditions have been evaluated. A series of doping experiments have been carried out using iodine and indium as the n-type dopant, and phosphorus, arsenic, and antimony as the p-type dopant. Low resistivity films have not been produced thus far. In/W/graphite substrates have been used for the deposition of n-type films with an ohmic interface. However, no suitable substrates have been found to form an ohmic interface with p-type films. Solar cells prepared from these films exhibit relatively good short-circuit current density, up to 15 mA/cm2, but their conversion efficiencies are severely limited by the high series resistance of the devices.
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