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Characterization Of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Films And Solar Cells On Glass And Flexible Substrates By Rf Sputtering
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Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Films and Solar Cells on Glass and Flexible Substrates by Rf Sputtering by : Jagadish Gaduputi
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Films and Solar Cells on Glass and Flexible Substrates by Rf Sputtering written by Jagadish Gaduputi and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The effect of post deposition treatments and the effect of N2 during sputtering on CZT device performance were studied.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells by RF Sputtering by : Senthilnathan Subramanian
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells by RF Sputtering written by Senthilnathan Subramanian and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Characterization of the films was done using transmission response, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Secondary Electron Microscopy (SEM), current-voltage (I-V) and spectral response measurements. CZT deposited on CdS/SnOb2.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells by : Gowri Sivaraman
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Solar Cells written by Gowri Sivaraman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Different post deposition heat treatments were carried out to determine their effect on film and device properties. Characterization of the CZT devices was done using XRD, EDS, SIMS, J-V and spectral response measurements. CZT (Eg%7E1.7 eV) /CdS exhibited best performance when compared to the other window layers investigated. The best device exhibited Voc=640mV, FF=40% and Jsc=4.5 mA/cm2. The theoretical performance of CZT based solar cells were investigated using SCAPS. The effect of bulk and interface defects on the device parameters were studied.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Large Area Cadmium Telluride Films and Solar Cells Deposited on Moving Substrates by Close Spaced Sublimation by : Vishwanath Kumar
Download or read book Characterization of Large Area Cadmium Telluride Films and Solar Cells Deposited on Moving Substrates by Close Spaced Sublimation written by Vishwanath Kumar and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Films deposited under various conditions were studied to improve our understanding of the influence of processing conditions on device performance. The key advantage of this technique over others is its high deposition rate, simplicity of operation and high conversion efficiency. Typical deposition times were two minutes and could be reduced to as low as 45 sec with little variation in performance. The four major parameters that influence the films prepared by close spaced sublimation, namely substrate temperature, source temperature, ambient pressure, and spacing were optimized for best device performance. The influence of each parameter on deposition rate and cell efficiency was also studied. The best cells produced by this technology had an efficiency of 13% with Voc=830 mV, FF= 74% and Jsc=21.1 mA/cm2.
Book Synopsis Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells by : Ting L. Chu
Download or read book Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells written by Ting L. Chu and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on thin-film cadmium telluride and zinc phosphide solar cells describes work on the deposition of CdTe films by direct combination of Cd and Te vapor on foreign substrates, with emphasis on the resistivity control of p-type films and on the reduction of p-CdTe/substrate interface resistance. CdTe films deposited on graphite substrates were all p-type, regardless of substrate temperature or reactant composition. Deposition and characterization of window materials also continued. Thin-film CdTe heterojunction solar cells were also prepared and characterized. The best CdS/CdTe cells in this work have had an AM1 efficiency of about 6.5% and the best ITO/CdTe cell to date has had an AM1 efficiency of about 8%.
Book Synopsis Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells by : Ting L. Chu
Download or read book Thin-film Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Phosphide Solar Cells written by Ting L. Chu and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report on thin-film cadmium telluride and zinc phosphide solar cells describes work on the deposition of CdTe films by direct combination of Cd and Te vapor on foreign substrates, with emphasis on the resistivity control of p-type films and on the reduction of p-CdTe/substrate interface resistance. CdTe films deposited on graphite substrates were all p-type, regardless of substrate temperature or reactant composition. Deposition and characterization of window materials also continued. Thin-film CdTe heterojunction solar cells were also prepared and characterized. The best CdS/CdTe cells in this work have had an AM1 efficiency of about 6.5% and the best ITO/CdTe cell to date has had an AM1 efficiency of about 8%.
Book Synopsis High Efficiency Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride Based Thin-film Solar Cells by :
Download or read book High Efficiency Cadmium Telluride and Zinc Telluride Based Thin-film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work to improve the basic understanding of CdTe and ZnTe alloys by growing and characterizing these films along with cell fabrication. The major objective was to develop wide-band-gap (1.6--1.8 eV) material for the top cell, along with compatible window material and transparent ohmic contacts, so that a cascade cell design can be optimized. Front-wall solar cells were fabricated with a glass/SnO2/CdS window, where the CdS film is thin to maximize transmission and current. Wide-band-gap absorber films (E{sub g} = 1.75 eV) were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques, which provided excellent control for tailoring the film composition and properties. CdZnTe films were grown by both MBE and MOCVD. All the as-grown films were characterized by several techniques (surface photovoltage spectroscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) for composition, bulk uniformity, thickness, and film and interface quality. Front-wall-type solar cells were fabricated in collaboration with Ametek Materials Research Laboratory using CdTe and CdZnTe polycrystalline absorber films. The effects of processing on ternary film were studied by AES and XPS coupled with capacitance voltage and current voltage measurements as a function of temperature. Bias-dependent spectral response and electrical measurements were used to test some models in order to identify and quantify dominant loss mechanisms.
Book Synopsis Thin Films and Solar Cells of Cadmium Telluride and Cadmium Zinc Telluride by : Christos Savva Ferekides
Download or read book Thin Films and Solar Cells of Cadmium Telluride and Cadmium Zinc Telluride written by Christos Savva Ferekides and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Controlled Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications. Emerging Materials Systems for Solar Cell Applications. Quarterly Progress Report No. 2, July 9-October 8, 1979 by :
Download or read book Controlled Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications. Emerging Materials Systems for Solar Cell Applications. Quarterly Progress Report No. 2, July 9-October 8, 1979 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous cadmium telluride films with excess Cd or Te have been prepared by controlled rf sputtering technique and characterized. It is found that slight excess of Cd or Te affects the structure, as well as the electrical resistivity of the film, markedly. Ohmic contacts with fairly low contact resistance have been achieved on Cd-rich specimens.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization of Epitaxial Cadmium Telluride and Lead Telluride Layers Grown by R.F. Magnetron Sputtering by : Goutam Mukherjee
Download or read book Characterization of Epitaxial Cadmium Telluride and Lead Telluride Layers Grown by R.F. Magnetron Sputtering written by Goutam Mukherjee and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sputter-deposited heteroepitaxial layers of (100) CdTe $\Vert$ (100) KBr prepared at growth temperatures of 300-325$\sp\circ$C are found to be p-type with high dark resistivities on the order of 2 $\times$ 10$\sp5$ ohm-cm. The epilayers are highly photoconducting. The photoconductivity $\sigma\sb{ph}$ (expressed as $\sigma\sb{ph} \propto f\sp{\gamma}$) is observed to exhibit a sublinear ($\gamma$ $\prec$ 1) dependence on illumination intensity f. Photo-Hall effect measurements show that the photoconductivity is due to change in carrier concentration and not due to any enhancement in the carrier mobility. Moreover, the photocurrent is carried by holes. Hall measurements on sputter-deposited epitaxial PbTe films have confirmed that samples prepared at high growth temperatures are n-type and those grown at low substrate temperatures are p-type, irrespective of the substrate bias applied during growth. The low temperature mobility values in the sputter-deposited samples are found to be limited by a temperature-independent neutral impurity scattering mechanism. One of the features of heteroepitaxial growth is the existence of a large density of structural defects at the interface due to lattice mismatch. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Book Synopsis CHARACTERIZATION OF CADMIUM-ZINC TELLURIDE CRYSTALS GROWN BY 'CONTACTLESS' PVT USING SYNCHROTRON WHITE BEAM... NASA by :
Download or read book CHARACTERIZATION OF CADMIUM-ZINC TELLURIDE CRYSTALS GROWN BY 'CONTACTLESS' PVT USING SYNCHROTRON WHITE BEAM... NASA written by and published by . This book was released on 1999* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Controlled Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications (emerging Materials Systems for Solar Cell Applications). Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 9, 1979-January 8, 1980 by :
Download or read book Controlled Cadmium Telluride Thin Films for Solar Cell Applications (emerging Materials Systems for Solar Cell Applications). Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, October 9, 1979-January 8, 1980 written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main emphasis during the third quarter of the program was on the improvement of the quality of sputtered films, their characterization and use in the fabrication of Schottky barrier type diodes and solar cell structures. Films prepared under different conditions and on different substrates were examined by SEM showing nodular growths under certain conditions. I-V, C-V and photovoltaic characteristics were measured on numerous samples based on n- and p-type films on Ni substrates having top metallization of either evaporated Au and Al. The n-type samples showed up to 200mV V/sub oc/ and small short-circuit currents. The characteristics observed are indicative of the presence of interfacial layer and surface states. Surface state's capacitance were measured on p-type samples metallized with Au.
Book Synopsis High Performance Transparent Conducting Films of Cadmium Indate Prepared by RF Sputtering by :
Download or read book High Performance Transparent Conducting Films of Cadmium Indate Prepared by RF Sputtering written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors are examining various spinel-structured thin films (e.g., Cd2SnO4, Zn2SnO4) to develop higher-quality transparent conducting oxides (TCO) than more conventional materials such as indium tin oxide. Here, the authors report on cadmium indate (CdIn2O4, CIO), which is another member of this family. Thin films of CIO were deposited by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, from an oxide target, onto borosilicate glass substrates. The variables included the substrate temperature, sputtering gas composition, and pressure. Film properties were measured before and after heat treatment. Characterization involved Hall effect measurements, optical and infrared spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction, and atomic-force microscopy. Film resistivities as low as 2.3 × 10−4 [Omega] cm were achieved for a film thickness of 0.55 [mu]m. The transmittance was 90% in the visible region of the spectrum, without correction for substrate losses and without an anti-reflection coating. The plasma resonance occurred at longer wavelengths than for other materials and this, with a bandgap of approximately 3.1 eV, presents a wide window for optical transmittance. The highest mobility was 54 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the highest carrier concentration was 7.5 × 102° cm−3.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors for Use in a Computed Tomography Scanner by : Richa Yogesh Jayakar
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride Detectors for Use in a Computed Tomography Scanner written by Richa Yogesh Jayakar and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride by : Mohamed Alshal
Download or read book Photoluminescence Characterization of Cadmium Zinc Telluride written by Mohamed Alshal and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demand for wide bandgap semiconductors for radiation detector applications has significantly increased in recent years due to an ever-growing need for safeguard measures and medical imaging systems amongst other applications. The need for these devices to be portable and efficient, and to operate at room temperature is important for practical applications. For radiation detectors, the semiconductor materials are mainly required to have an optimal energy gap, high average atomic number, good electrical resistivity and charge transport properties as well as purity and homogeneity. Cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) distinctly stands out among the other choices of semiconductor materials for radiation detector applications, due to its attractive material properties and the room temperature operation possibility. A tremendous amount of research is being conducted to improve CZT technology and its implementation into more commercial systems. Applications of CZT detector technology in national security, high energy physics, nuclear spectroscopy, and medical imaging systems are of special interests. However, CZT devices still face challenges that need to be understood and overcome in order to have more efficient radiation detector systems. One such challenge lies in the understanding of the surfaces of CZT detectors and surface recombination effects on charge transport, charge collection efficiency, and detector performance. Another common issue is the degradation of CZT detectors due to the presence of defects which can act as traps for the charge carriers and cause incomplete charge collection from the detectors. Thus, a major challenge is that, the commercial CZT crystals have large concentrations of defects and impurities that need to be characterized, and their effects on the detector performance should be studied. Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy is a sensitive, non-contact and non-destructive method, suitable to characterize lower concentrations of point defects, such as substitutional impurities (donors, acceptors) and native defects in CZT crystals. A PL spectrum provides information regarding the defect nature of the crystal by determining the presence and the type of vacancies, interstitials, and impurities in the lattice. The main objective of this thesis is to address the presence of the defects in CZT crystals, identify their types, and study their roles in the performance of x-ray radiation detectors using PL spectroscopy. Additionally, using PL method and different excitation sources including UV excitation, this thesis studies the surface of CZT samples and investigates the PL signature of the surface oxide of the samples, in an effort to optimize the surface processing and thereby improve CZT detector performance.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Cadmium-zinc Telluride Crystals Grown by 'contactless' PVT Using Synchrotron White Beam Topography by : Witold Palosz
Download or read book Characterization of Cadmium-zinc Telluride Crystals Grown by 'contactless' PVT Using Synchrotron White Beam Topography written by Witold Palosz and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
