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Characterization And Optimization Of Carbon Based Electrocatalysts And Supports For Fuel Cell Applications
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Book Synopsis Characterization and Optimization of Carbon Based Electrocatalysts and Supports for Fuel Cell Applications by : Abhinav Poozhikunnath
Download or read book Characterization and Optimization of Carbon Based Electrocatalysts and Supports for Fuel Cell Applications written by Abhinav Poozhikunnath and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of expensive platinum-based catalysts has been a major obstacle for the widespread use of low temperature fuel cells. As a result, there is significant commercial and scientific interest in replacing platinum-based electrocatalysts with cost-effective alternatives of comparable performance. This thesis explores the process-structure-property relationship of platinum group metal-free (PGM-free), metal-nitrogen-doped carbon (M-N-C) electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction synthesized by a flame spray pyrolysis process called Reactive Spray Deposition Technology (RSDT). Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (M-N-C) type Platinum Group Metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalyst, synthesized directly from liquid solution precursors by the partial combustion of organic material in the RSDT flame. Central to this work is the modification of the RSDT for carbon synthesis using liquid aromatic hydrocarbon-based precursors. The direct synthesis of the M-N-C electrocatalysts using an open atmosphere flame spray pyrolysis technique, has not been reported previously and offers a scalable alternative to the energy-intensive, multi-step furnace-based processes that are conventionally used for synthesizing M-N-C catalysts. The physical and chemical characteristics of the synthesized material are examined and the performance of the catalyst with respect to RSDT process parameters such as precursor composition and fuel equivalence ratio are analyzed with an aim of preparing the groundwork for further development of the synthesis process. The baseline Fe-N-C catalyst synthesized by RSDT exhibits activity towards oxygen reduction in alkaline media and shows excellent dynamic stability even after 4000 potential cycles. Based on these results, additional efforts needed to optimize the RSDT process parameters to improve catalyst activity and for mass-producing M-N-C electrodes are also discussed. As a second subject, this thesis also investigates an application of multi-scale correlative characterization in quality control of carbon black for fuel cell and battery applications. A workflow using correlative characterization techniques including X-CT, laser-milling and elemental analysis is described. Potential failure modes are discussed based on the properties of the impurities analyzed and a case is made for the use of correlative characterization for establishing standards of quality control in commercially produced fuel cell and battery components.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Supported Pt-based Electrocatalysts by : Geng, Xi
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Carbon Supported Pt-based Electrocatalysts written by Geng, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Fuel cell, as an alternative green power source for automobiles and portable electronics, has attracted worldwide attention due to its desirable properties such as high energy density and low greenhouse gas emission. Despite great progress in the past decades, several challenges still remain as obstacles for the large-scale commercialization. Among them, the high cost of Pt-based electrode material is considered as a major barrier, while the life span or stability of electrode catalysts is another concern since the electrocatalysts can be easily poisoned during the fuel cell operation. In order to overcome these issues, nanostructured carbon materials, especially carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are studied as catalyst support. In addition, recent research also suggests that the coupling of a second metal element with Pt can effectively protect the electrocatalysts from being poisoned and thus improve their long-term durability. The objective of the present work was to demonstrate an efficient synthetic method for the preparation of CNTs supported binary PtM (M=Ru, Sn) electrocatalysts. In this project, a polymer wrapping technique along with an in-situ polyol reduction strategy was adopted to decorate well-dispersed binary PtM nanoparticles on the surface of modified-CNTs. The unique nanostructures as well as the excellent catalytic activities of the as-prepared nanohybirds were investigated through a diversity of physiochemical and electrochemical characterization techniques. This fabrication method provided a simple and convenient route to assemble Pt-based catalyst on carbon substrates, which is useful for the further development of high-performance fuel cell catalysts.
Book Synopsis PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers by : Jiujun Zhang
Download or read book PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers written by Jiujun Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.
Book Synopsis Carbon-Based Metal Free Catalysts by : Abdullah Mohammed Ah Asiri
Download or read book Carbon-Based Metal Free Catalysts written by Abdullah Mohammed Ah Asiri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-05-11 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon-Based Metal Free Catalysts: Preparation, Structural and Morphological Property and Application covers the different aspects of carbon-based metal free catalysts, including the fabrication of catalysts from natural sources and carbon allotropes, their manufacturing and design, characterization techniques, and applications. Special features in the book include illustrations and tables which summarize up-to-date information on research carried out on manufacturing, design, characterization and applications of metal free catalysts. This book assembles the information and knowledge on metal free catalysts and emphasizes the concept of green technology in the field of manufacturing and design. It is an ideal reference source for lecturers, students, researchers and industrialists working in the field of new catalyst development, especially polymer composites and is a valuable reference book handbook for teaching, learning, and research. Describes the design on metal-free catalysts Includes manufacturing technique of carbon-based metal free catalysts Lists applications of carbon-based metal free catalysts Discusses the characterization of carbon-based metal free catalysts
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of Pt/TiO2/C Composite Catalysts for Fuel Cells Prepared Using a Glucose Modifier by : Christopher Odetola
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Pt/TiO2/C Composite Catalysts for Fuel Cells Prepared Using a Glucose Modifier written by Christopher Odetola and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts in the electrodes of polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) serve a critical function in reactions which can be used to generate electrical energy from chemical fuels. Pt nanoparticles are commonly dispersed on a conductive support and used as electrode materials in these devices because of their exceptional catalytic activity and electrochemical active surface area. The performance and stability of these electrodes strongly depend on the characteristics of the support. Catalysts supported on high surface area carbon black are widely used in low-temperature fuel cells. In PEMFCs, these catalyst materials can be exposed to high potential and low pH values, resulting in irreversible loss of activity that will limit the useful lifetime of the cell, ultimately leading to its failure. Pt is a noble metal which has good intrinsic stability, but carbon is not thermodynamically stable resulting in the corrosion of the catalyst support under these conditions. The design of more resilient platinum catalyst supports to carry out the successful reaction in a fuel cell's catalyst layer is required to extend the lifetime of PEMFCs degradation. In this thesis, two approaches were used to synthesize robust catalyst support materials for fuel cell applications. In the first case, carbon surfaces were functionalised to enhance their interactions with the catalyst and secondly, stable metal oxide was combined with modified carbon substrates, to maximise contacts within the composite electrocatalysts and to prevent carbon corrosion of a single phase carbon support catalyst. TiO2 NPs, were first chemically bonded to the surfaces of Vulcan carbon to help anchor the Pt catalyst nanoparticles through strong metal-support interactions. Validation of a dual phase catalyst support is an important goal of this research. Each material phase offers a unique advantage that can only be recognized by the preparation of a composite electrocatalyst. Pristine Vulcan (PV) was functionalised with glucose hydroxyl functional groups that react with the base titanium metal alkoxide in a sol-gel reaction and then calcined to form a more chemically crystalline surface. This is followed by impregnation reduction process to deposit the nanostructured Pt catalyst. Material characterization data of synthesized materials were used to correlate the effects of support structure and composition on resilient performance. Advantages from the TiO2/C supports toward performance and durability were contrasted against a set of control samples and demonstrated ex situ. The prepared composite catalysts showed substantial enhancements toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) as well as improved stability of the Pt-TiO2 heterogeneous interface formed between catalyst and support. The enhanced performance and durability of these composite catalysts is improved by applying the science of materials and interfaces to the synthesis of composite supports, thus serving as an example for further progress and optimization. Irradiation of these composite catalysts with UV-visible light also showed ~ 171 % photo enhanced activity for MOR, which clearly demonstrates a synergistic effect between the photo- and electrocatalysts. The comparison between the prepared catalysts indicates that there is an appropriate ratio of carbon and TiO2 to obtain the best performance of these photoelectroactive materials. These results demonstrate that methanol oxidation is achieved by electro- and photoelectrocatalysis using a simple and affordable method. This procedure can be conveniently exploited to enhance the response of direct methanol fuel cell electrodes.
Book Synopsis Advanced Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells by : Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Varela
Download or read book Advanced Electrocatalysts for Low-Temperature Fuel Cells written by Francisco Javier Rodríguez-Varela and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the reader to the state of the art in nanostructured anode and cathode electrocatalysts for low-temperature acid and alkaline fuel cells. It explores the electrocatalysis of anode (oxidation of organic molecules) and cathode (oxygen reduction) reactions. It also offers insights into metal-carbon interactions, correlating them with the catalytic activity of the electrochemical reactions. The book explores the electrocatalytic behaviour of materials based on noble metals and their alloys, as well as metal-metal oxides and metal-free nanostructures. It also discusses the surface and structural modification of carbon supports to enhance the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts for fuel-cell reactions.
Book Synopsis Characterization and Optimization of Alkaline Fuel Cell Electrodes and Electrocatalysts by : Yohannes Kiros
Download or read book Characterization and Optimization of Alkaline Fuel Cell Electrodes and Electrocatalysts written by Yohannes Kiros and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Non-Noble Metal Fuel Cell Catalysts by : Zhongwei Chen
Download or read book Non-Noble Metal Fuel Cell Catalysts written by Zhongwei Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-03 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by top fuel cell catalyst scientists and engineers from both industry and academia, this is the first book to provide a complete overview of this hot topic. It covers the synthesis, characterization, activity validation and modeling of different non-noble metal electrocatalysts, as well as their integration into fuel cells and their performance validation, while also discussing those factors that will drive fuel cell commercialization. With its well-structured approach, this is a must-have for researchers working on the topic, and an equally valuable companion for newcomers to the field.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Fuel Cells by : Thandavarayan Maiyalagan
Download or read book Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Fuel Cells written by Thandavarayan Maiyalagan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Meeting the need for a text on solutions to conditions which have so far been a drawback for this important and trend-setting technology, this monograph places special emphasis on novel, alternative catalysts of low temperature fuel cells. Comprehensive in its coverage, the text discusses not only the electrochemical, mechanistic, and material scientific background, but also provides extensive chapters on the design and fabrication of electrocatalysts. A valuable resource aimed at multidisciplinary audiences in the fields of academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cells for Transportation by : Prodip K. Das
Download or read book Fuel Cells for Transportation written by Prodip K. Das and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Cells for Transportation: Fundamental Principles and Applications is the first comprehensive reference on the application of fuel cells for light- and heavy-duty transportation. Addressing the subject from both a materials and engineering perspective, the book examines integration, modeling, and optimization of fuel cells from fundamentals to the latest advances. Chapters address every aspect of fuel cell systems for transport applications, including performance optimization, stack characterization, low-cost materials and catalysts, design of bipolar plates and flow fields, water and thermal management, durability under automotive driving cycles, cold start, state of the art characterization, optimization of various components, and more. Each chapter reviews the fundamental principles of the topic before going on to examine the latest developments alongside current applications and real-world case studies. This is an essential reference for graduate students and researchers working on fuel cells for transport applications, as well as professional engineers involved in the application of fuel cells and clean energy and working in any sector of the transportation industry.
Book Synopsis Fuel Cell Systems by : L.J.M.J. Blomen
Download or read book Fuel Cell Systems written by L.J.M.J. Blomen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-01-31 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In light of recent alarming environmental trends combined with increasing commercial viability of fuel cells, the time is propitious for a book focusing on the systematic aspects of cell plant technology. This multidisciplinary text covers the main types of fuel cells, R&D issues, plant design and construction, and economic factors to provide industrial and academic researchers working in electrical systems design, electrochemistry, and engineering with a unique and comprehensive resource.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution by : Abhijit Ray
Download or read book Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Evolution written by Abhijit Ray and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-12-05 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book starts with a theoretical understanding of electrocatalysis in the framework of density functional theory followed by a vivid review of oxygen reduction reactions. A special emphasis has been placed on electrocatalysts for a proton-exchange membrane-based fuel cell where graphene with noble metal dispersion plays a significant role in electron transfer at thermodynamically favourable conditions. The latter part of the book deals with two 2D materials with high economic viability and process ability and MoS2 and WS2 for their prospects in water-splitting from renewable energy.
Download or read book PEM Fuel Cells written by Jasna Jankovic and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2023-05-22 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of modeling and characterization of PEM fuel cells. It focuses on i) fuel cell performance modeling and performance characterization applicable from single cells to stacks, ii) fundamental and advanced techniques for structural and compositional characterization of fuel cell components and iii) electrocatalyst design. Written by experts in this field, this book is an invaluable tool for graduate students and professionals.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for a Cleaner Environment by : Lindiwe Eudora Khotseng
Download or read book Electrocatalysis and Electrocatalysts for a Cleaner Environment written by Lindiwe Eudora Khotseng and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-07-06 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for energy, water electrolysis, water treatment, CO2 conversion, and green chemistry. It reviews various electrocatalysts and their properties and electrochemical performances. The first section of the book covers topics in direct alcohol fuel cells including Pt-based electrocatalysts as non-carbon electrode support materials and the development of electrocatalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. The second section of the book covers various topics in electrocatalysis and electrocatalysts for a cleaner environment, including electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 to valuable products and SYNGAS, electrocatalysts for water electrolysis, and much more.
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Characterization of CO-and H2S-Tolerant Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cell by :
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of CO-and H2S-Tolerant Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present state-of-art Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) technology is based on platinum (Pt) as a catalyst for both the fuel (anode) and air (cathode) electrodes. This catalyst is highly active but susceptible to poisoning by CO, which may be present in the H2-fuel used or may be introduced during the fuel processing. Presence of trace amount of CO and H2S in the H2-fuel poisons the anode irreversibly and decreases the performance of the PEMFCs. In an effort to reduce the Pt-loading and improve the PEMFC performance, we propose to synthesize a number of Pt-based binary, ternary, and quaternary electrocatalysts using Ru, Mo, Ir, Ni, and Co as a substitute for Pt. By fine-tuning the metal loadings and compositions of candidate electrocatalysts, we plan to minimize the cost and optimize the catalyst activity and performance in PEMFC. The feasibility of the novel electrocatalysts will be demonstrated in the proposed effort with gas phase CO and H2S concentrations typical of those found in reformed fuel gas with coal/natural gas/methanol feedstocks. During this reporting period we synthesized four Pt-based electrocatalysts catalysts (Pt/Ru/Mo/Se, Pt/Ru/Mo/Ir, Pt/Ru/Mo/W, Ptr/Ru/Mo/Co) on Vulcan XG72 Carbon support by both conventional and ultra-sonication method. From current-voltage performance study, the catalytic activity was found in the increasing order of Pt/Ru/Mo/Ir> Pt/Ru/Mo/W> Pt/Ru/Mo/Co> Pt/Ru/MO/Se. Sonication method appears to provide better dispersion of catalysts on carbon support.
Book Synopsis Nanocarbon Electrochemistry by : Nianjun Yang
Download or read book Nanocarbon Electrochemistry written by Nianjun Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-11-14 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive introduction to the field of nanocarbon electrochemistry The discoveries of new carbon materials such as fullerene, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoribbon, carbon dots, and graphdiyne have triggered numerous research advances in the field of electrochemistry. This book brings together up-to-date accounts of the recent progress, developments, and achievements in the electrochemistry of different carbon materials, focusing on their unique properties and various applications. Nanocarbon Electrochemistry begins by looking at the studies of heterogeneous electron transfer at various carbon electrodes when redox-active molecules are reversibly and specifically adsorbed on the carbon electrode surface. It then covers electrochemical energy storage applications of various carbon materials, particularly the construction and performance of supercapacitors and batteries by use of graphene and related materials. Next, it concentrates on electrochemical energy conversion applications where electrocatalysis at 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D carbon materials nanocarbon materials is highlighted. The book finishes with an examination of the contents of electrogenerated chemiluminescence and photoelectrochemical pollutant degradation by use of diamond and related carbon materials. Covers the fundamental properties of different carbon materials and their applications across a wide range of areas Provides sufficient background regarding different applications, which contributes to the understanding of specialists and non-specialists Examines nanoelectrochemistry of adsorption-coupled electron transfer at carbon electrodes; graphene and graphene related materials; diamond electrodes for the electrogenerated chemiluminescence; and more Features contributions from an international team of distinguished researchers Nanocarbon Electrochemistry is an ideal book for students, researchers, and industrial partners working on many diverse fields of electrochemistry, whether they already make frequent use of carbon electrodes in one form of another or are looking at electrodes for new applications.
Book Synopsis Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells by : Minhua Shao
Download or read book Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells written by Minhua Shao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are one of the most promising clean energy conversion devices that can solve the environmental and energy problems in our society. However, the high platinum loading of fuel cells - and thus their high cost - prevents their commercialization. Non- or low- platinum electrocatalysts are needed to lower the fuel cell cost. Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells: A Non and Low Platinum Approach is a comprehensive book summarizing recent advances of electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction and alcohol oxidation, with a particular focus on non- and low-Pt electrocatalysts. All twenty four chapters were written by worldwide experts in their fields. The fundamentals and applications of novel electrocatalysts are discussed thoroughly in the book. The book is geared toward researchers in the field, postgraduate students and lecturers, and scientists and engineers at fuel cell and automotive companies. It can even be a reference book for those who are interested in this area.
