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Characterization And Modeling Of Sheared Edge Failure In Advanced High Strength Steel
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Book Synopsis Characterization and Modeling of Sheared Edge Failure in Advanced High Strength Steel by : Nikky Pathak
Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of Sheared Edge Failure in Advanced High Strength Steel written by Nikky Pathak and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edge failure is one of the major problems associated with forming of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) such as dual-phase (DP) steels. The development of ferritic-bainitic steels such as complex-phase (CP) steels have improved the performance of AHSS in industrial forming operations and is gaining attention in academia as well as industry. As a result, there is an interest in developing numerical techniques to predict sheared edge failure in forming simulations and optimize forming operations in the automotive industry for vehicle lightweighing. The primary objective of this thesis is to examine the influence of shearing on edge stretchability and damage evolution in two different grades of AHSS: CP and DP steels and develop damage-based models to predict sheared edge failure. The stretch-flangeability of DP and CP steels were evaluated using a hole expansion test for different edge conditions to isolate to the influence of a range of factors thought to influence edge formability. The results demonstrate that work hardening and void damage at the sheared edge govern formability while the sheared surface quality plays a minor or secondary role. A comparison of the edge stretching limits of DP and CP steels demonstrates the advantages of a ferritic-bainitic microstructure for forming operations with severe local deformation as in a stretch-flanging operation. The failure mechanisms in the CP and DP steels were systematically characterized by interrupting hole tension tests at different strain levels. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis conducted on interrupted hole tension specimens revealed the ductile failure mechanism as being operative in the CP and DP steels for the different edge conditions and microstructures. Damage histories were developed from the interrupted samples using optical microscopy and quantitative stereology measurement of void nucleation, growth and coalescence, paired with in situ digital image correlation (DIC) strain measurements during the mechanical testing. The trend of damage evolution differs for the sheared edge in contrast with the reamed edge because the shearing process alters the microstructure in the shear affected zone (SAZ) by introducing work-hardening and damage behind the sheared edge. Two independent experimental techniques were applied to characterize the residual strain distribution within the shear-affected zone for CP800 and DP780 steels based on (a) the tendency of grains to orient in the direction of shearing and (b) work-hardening introduced within the deformed shear zone. The first technique was developed by applying finite strain theory to calculate the equivalent strain from microstructural measurements of grain rotation. The second strain measurement technique also involved using the same interrupted shear tests and DIC strains followed by microhardness measurements to develop a correlation between the equivalent strain and hardness. These techniques were applied to estimate the strain-distribution behind the sheared edge generated during the shearing process. The influence of stress-state on micro-void nucleation was evaluated experimentally for the CP and DP steels and a stress-state dependent nucleation model was developed. Stress state was varied by considering four specimen geometries: the equi-biaxial Nakazima test, a plane strain v-bend test, a central hole tension test for uniaxial loading and a simple shear test. 3D micro-tomography and quantitative stereology measurement of void nucleation paired with in situ digital image correlation (DIC) strain measurement was conducted on the interrupted samples to quantify damage as a function of equivalent strain. The influence of stress-state on damage evolution was observed for both materials with very little void nucleation under shear deformation but extensive void damage under biaxial tension. Of particular interest, Lode parameter-dependency of void nucleation was identified and a stress-state dependent nucleation model is proposed by introducing a nucleation strain surface as a function of stress-triaxiality and Lode parameter using a modified form of Chu and Needleman nucleation criterion. The critical damage parameters controlling the ductile failure process were identified from the void histories determined using 3D tomography to develop a micromechanics-based fracture model. An uncoupled anisotropic damage-based fracture model was formulated within an LS-DYNA user-defined material subroutine. The pre-strain and damage introduced during the shearing process were mapped onto finite element models of edge formability. The proposed model was validated for the hole tension experiments and found to predict failure efficiently and accurately for the CP800 and DP780 alloys with a reamed or sheared edge conditions.
Book Synopsis Characterization and Modeling of Advanced High Strength Steels by : Jun Hu
Download or read book Characterization and Modeling of Advanced High Strength Steels written by Jun Hu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computational Methods for Plasticity by : Eduardo A. de Souza Neto
Download or read book Computational Methods for Plasticity written by Eduardo A. de Souza Neto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-21 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of computational plasticity encapsulates the numerical methods used for the finite element simulation of the behaviour of a wide range of engineering materials considered to be plastic – i.e. those that undergo a permanent change of shape in response to an applied force. Computational Methods for Plasticity: Theory and Applications describes the theory of the associated numerical methods for the simulation of a wide range of plastic engineering materials; from the simplest infinitesimal plasticity theory to more complex damage mechanics and finite strain crystal plasticity models. It is split into three parts - basic concepts, small strains and large strains. Beginning with elementary theory and progressing to advanced, complex theory and computer implementation, it is suitable for use at both introductory and advanced levels. The book: Offers a self-contained text that allows the reader to learn computational plasticity theory and its implementation from one volume. Includes many numerical examples that illustrate the application of the methodologies described. Provides introductory material on related disciplines and procedures such as tensor analysis, continuum mechanics and finite elements for non-linear solid mechanics. Is accompanied by purpose-developed finite element software that illustrates many of the techniques discussed in the text, downloadable from the book’s companion website. This comprehensive text will appeal to postgraduate and graduate students of civil, mechanical, aerospace and materials engineering as well as applied mathematics and courses with computational mechanics components. It will also be of interest to research engineers, scientists and software developers working in the field of computational solid mechanics.
Book Synopsis Analysis and Optimization of Sheet Metal Forming Processes by : Amrut Mulay
Download or read book Analysis and Optimization of Sheet Metal Forming Processes written by Amrut Mulay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-13 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and Optimization of Sheet Metal Forming Processes comprehensively covers sheet metal forming, from choosing materials, tools and the forming method to optimising the entire process through finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering. Beginning with an introduction to sheet metal forming, the book provides a guide to the various techniques used within the industry. It provides a discussion of sheet metal properties relevant to forming processes, such as ductility, formability, and strength, and analyses how materials should be selected with factors including material properties, cost, and availability. Forming processes including shearing, bending, deep drawing, and stamping are also discussed, along with tools such as dies, punches, and moulds. Simulation and modelling are key to optimising the sheet metal forming process, including finite element analysis and computer-aided engineering. Other topics included are quality control, design, industry applications, and future trends. The book will be of interest to students and professionals working in the field of sheet metal and metal forming, materials science, mechanical engineering, and metallurgy.
Book Synopsis Production at the Leading Edge of Technology by : Thomas Bauernhansl
Download or read book Production at the Leading Edge of Technology written by Thomas Bauernhansl and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-17 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The German Academic Association for Production Technology (WGP) annually invites researchers coming from its institutes and from industry to contribute peer reviewed papers in the field of production technology. This congress proceedings provides recent research results and findings on leading-edge manufacturing processes. Main aim of this scientific congress is to push forward existing borders in production and to provide novel solutions of "Production at the Leading Edge of Manufacturing Technology. The subtitle “Technology-Based Sustainable Production for Circular Economy” of this year’s congress emphasizes challenges for global productions in the light of climate change and resource scarcity. Different sessions were held on the topics Environmentally neutral production (e.g. energy and material efficiency) Resilient Value Creation Systems Biointelligence Digitization as an Enabler for Sustainable Production Production Technologies for a Circular Economy
Book Synopsis Metal Forming Processes by : Kakandikar Ganesh Marotrao
Download or read book Metal Forming Processes written by Kakandikar Ganesh Marotrao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-25 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal forming processes include bulk forming and sheet metal forming with numerous applications. This book covers some of the latest developments aspects of these processes such as numerical simulations to achieve optimum combinations and to get insight into process capability. Implementation of new technologies to improve performance based on Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technologies are also discussed, including the use of CAD/CAM/CAE techniques to enhance precision in manufacturing. Applications of AI/ML, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the role of tribological aspects in green engineering are included to suit Industry 4.0. Features: Covers latest developments in various sheet metal forming processes Discusses improvements in numerical simulation with various material models Proposes improvements by optimum combination of process parameters Includes finite element simulation of processes and formability Presents a review on techniques to produce ultra-fine-grained materials This book is aimed at graduate students, engineers, and researchers in sheet metal forming, materials processing and their applications, finite element analysis, manufacturing, and production engineering.
Book Synopsis Edge Fracture Prediction of Dual Phase Steels with Consideration of Microstructures by : Ming Wen
Download or read book Edge Fracture Prediction of Dual Phase Steels with Consideration of Microstructures written by Ming Wen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) have been used for the lightweight structural design and manufacturing in automotive industry. This class of sheet metals are prone to edge fracture during stamping production, and the fracture often occurs at much lower strain than that predicted based on the forming limit curves. The uncertainty in predicting edge fracture represents a great challenge in the application of AHSS. This dissertation is focused on the better understanding of edge fracture phenomenon through experimental observation and computer modeling with the consideration of microstructure effect. In this dissertation, Hole Expansion (HE) test was used to investigate the mechanisms of edge fracture of two AHSS, Dual Phase DP780 and DP980. The HE test includes two processing steps: hole punching and hole expanding. The punching process creates holes of various sheared edge morphologies, which are the input to the hole expanding process, along with the intrinsic property of material, produce a joint effect on the crack initiation and propagation on the sheared edges during HE test. The hole punching process was first investigated. The sheared edges were analyzed with image processing, and the relative heights of sheared four edge zones were measured, which were used to determine the strain distributions of sheared edges. The punching process was further simulated with FEA, and referenced with the experimental observations. Fracture mechanism of hole punching process was deduced. The process of crack initiation and propagation in hole expanding process was studied the next. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to observe cracks on the sheared edges. FEA simulation was applied to investigate the effect of sheared edge geometry on the stress evolution in the hole expanding process. The interaction of two neighboring parallel cracks in the crack propagation process was analyzed to explain the effect of crack population on the main crack propagation. To investigate the microstructure effect on the edge fracture, the dual phase grain structure and its effect on mechanical properties and fracture behavior of DP steels were analyzed. Based on HE test results and observed DP steel grain structures, a criterion to predict edge fracture was proposed. This criterion includes mesoscale grain structure features of DP steels, and it can be applied to predict the HE test results of DP steels. The heterogeneous microstructures of DP steels were built into the Representative Volume Element (RVE) models to study the effects of microstructure parameters and fracture mechanisms on macroscale mechanical properties of DP steels, with damage based failure criteria applied to constituent ferritic and martensitic phases.
Book Synopsis A Numerical and Practical Investigation for the Edge Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) Using the Half Dome Test by : Zeming Yin
Download or read book A Numerical and Practical Investigation for the Edge Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) Using the Half Dome Test written by Zeming Yin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In edge trimming process, shearing and water-jet (or laser-cut) are two commonly used methods in industry for Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS). Water-jet (or laser-cut) is commonly used during prototyping since it does not need conventional cutting tools and it can cut virtually any materials. Shearing is commonly used during productions due to cost reasons. Different trimming methods may lead to different edge stretchability and cracking/fracture conditions. Therefore, it is useful to find a relation between the effects of these cutting methods upon edge fracture. Half dome test is developed by Shih et al., 2014 [1] to determine a relationship between the edge quality of a sheared edge and a water-jet (or laser cut) edge. The main purpose of this study is to find a relationship between the fracture condition of sheared samples and water-jet samples of different materials using half dome test and FE simulations. Except for different cutting methods, the effect of anisotropy and coefficient of friction (COF) in half dome test will also be evaluated. The results show that different cutting method (Shearing and water-jet) can affect the edge fracturing of DP 980, 1.5mm. However, it can hardly affect the edge fracture of CP 800, 1.4mm. Anisotropy can affect the edge fracture for both materials. However, the effect of lubrication is negligible in the half dome test.
Book Synopsis Shear Failures in Bending of Advanced High Strength Steels by : Alexander Wren Hudgins
Download or read book Shear Failures in Bending of Advanced High Strength Steels written by Alexander Wren Hudgins and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale Publisher :ASM International ISBN 13 :1615030980 Total Pages :651 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (15 download)
Book Synopsis Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components by : Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale
Download or read book Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components written by Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Edge Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels Sheets Under Out-of-plane Loading Followed by In-plane Loading by :
Download or read book Edge Fracture of Advanced High Strength Steels Sheets Under Out-of-plane Loading Followed by In-plane Loading written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years edge fracture has become a challenge in the manufacturing industry with the dramatical increase in the application of light-weight materials such as Advanced High Strength Steels (AHSS) and aluminum alloys. A premature edge cracking is observed in components with blanked/trimmed/pierced edges during the subsequent metal forming process. To understand the underlying physical mechanism and to establish a reliable CAE model, the thesis carries out a comprehensive experimental and numerical investigation on edge fracture of a commercially available DP780 steel sheet. The study reveals that it is the substantial plastic deformation introduced during the out-of-plane sheet blanking process that compromises the material ductility within the Shear Affected Zone (SAZ), and subsequently causes the edge to fracture prematurely under the in-plane edge stretching. To simulate the fracture behavior under such a complex a loading path, the fracture initiation is modeled using the concept of a scalar damage indicator that consists of two parts which are accumulated at different stages. The first one is accumulated during the sheet blanking process, referred to as pre-damage, while the second part is produced by the following metal forming. In such a modeling frame work, a corner stone is to determine the first part of pre-damage within the SAZ. This is achieved by a hybrid experimental and numerical method. Aided by microscopic examinations on cracked surfaces, the study shows that the pre-damage distribution within the SAZ follows an exponential function that drops from the critical value of unity at the edge surface to zero over the width of the SAZ. The obtained pre-damage is then introduced as the initial damage value during the following metal forming process. Based on a detail experimental characterization, a plasticity and fracture model is introduced to describe the material behavior under investigation. The model is based on the von Mises yield condition, a non-associated Hill'48 flow potential and an isotropic hardening law, together with the MMC fracture locus description with dependence on both stress triaxiality and Lode angle parameter. The proposed model successfully predict edge fracture in numerical simulation.
Book Synopsis Properties and Characterization of Modern Materials by : Andreas Öchsner
Download or read book Properties and Characterization of Modern Materials written by Andreas Öchsner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-30 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on robust characterization and prediction methods for materials in technical applications as well as the materials’ safety features during operation. In particular, it presents methods for reliably predicting material properties, an aspect that is becoming increasingly important as engineering materials are pushed closer and closer to their limits to boost the performance of machines and structures. To increase their engineering value, components are now designed under the consideration of their multiphysical properties and functions, which requires much more intensive investigation and characterization of these materials. The materials covered in this monograph range from metal-based groups such as lightweight alloys, to advanced high-strength steels and modern titanium alloys. Furthermore, a wide range of polymers and composite materials (e.g. with micro- and nanoparticles or fibres) is covered. The book explores methods for property prediction from classical mechanical characterization-related fields of application, for example, from wear, creep, fatigue and crack growth, to specific surface properties, to dielectric and electrochemical values. As in all fields of modern engineering, the process is often accompanied by numerical simulation and optimization.
Book Synopsis Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers by :
Download or read book Annual Index/abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Processing and Characterization of Materials by : Snehanshu Pal
Download or read book Processing and Characterization of Materials written by Snehanshu Pal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes selected conference proceedings of Conference on Processing and Characterization of Materials (CPCM-2020). The content of the book includes processing of and characterization of materials, sustainable energy materials, defense materials, functionally graded materials, and composites which has significant impact on cutting-edge applications. The book also includes surface engineering, computational methods and materials, waste utilization, and corrosion and environmental degradation of materials. Design, research, and development studies, experimental investigations, theoretical analysis, and fabrication techniques relevant to the application of materials in various assemblies, ranging from individual components to complete structure are presented in the book. The book is useful for graduate students, researchers, and industry professionals alike.
Book Synopsis Fracture Mechanics by : Ted L. Anderson
Download or read book Fracture Mechanics written by Ted L. Anderson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 849 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and Applications, Fourth Edition is the most useful and comprehensive guide to fracture mechanics available. It has been adopted by more than 150 universities worldwide and used by thousands of engineers and researchers. This new edition reflects the latest research, industry practices, applications, and computational analysis and modeling. It encompasses theory and applications, linear and nonlinear fracture mechanics, solid mechanics, and materials science with a unified, balanced, and in-depth approach. Numerous chapter problems have been added or revised, and additional resources are available for those teaching college courses or training sessions. Dr. Anderson’s own website can be accessed at www.FractureMechanics.com.
Book Synopsis Advanced Composites by : Viktor Gribniak
Download or read book Advanced Composites written by Viktor Gribniak and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering practice has revealed that innovative technologies’ structural applications require new design concepts related to developing materials with mechanical properties tailored for construction purposes. This would allow the efficient use of engineering materials. The efficiency can be understood in a simplified and heuristic manner as the optimization of performance and the proper combination of structural components, leading to the consumption of the least amount of natural resources. The solution to the eco-optimization problem, based on the adequate characterization of the materials, will enable implementing environmentally friendly engineering principles when the efficient use of advanced materials guarantees the required structural safety. Identifying fundamental relationships between the structure of advanced composites and their physical properties is the focus of this book. The collected articles explore the development of sustainable composites with valorized manufacturability corresponding to Industrial Revolution 4.0 ideology. The publications, amongst others, reveal that the application of nano-particles improves the mechanical performance of composite materials; heat-resistant aluminium composites ensure the safety of overhead power transmission lines; chemical additives can detect the impact of temperature on concrete structures. This book demonstrates that construction materials’ choice has considerable room for improvement from a scientific viewpoint, following heuristic approaches.
Book Synopsis Characterization of the Punching Shear Capacity of Thin Ultra-high Performance Concrete Slabs by : Devin K. Harris
Download or read book Characterization of the Punching Shear Capacity of Thin Ultra-high Performance Concrete Slabs written by Devin K. Harris and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) is a relatively new type of concrete that exhibits mechanical properties that are far superior to those of conventional concrete and in some cases rival those of steel. The main characteristics that distinguish UHPC from conventional reinforced concrete are its very high compressive strength (20 to 33 ksi), the addition of steel fibers which enables tension to be carried across open cracks without conventional reinforcing steel, and a very high resistance to corrosion and degradation. The mechanical properties of UHPC allow for smaller, thinner sections as compared to conventional reinforced concrete sections. However, as it is a new material, the use of UHPC has been limited to a few structural applications due primarily to the high cost of the material and the lack of established design guidelines. In previous research, a material model based on physical tests was used in conjunction with finite element models to develop an optimized cross-section for a prestressed UHPC girder for bridge applications. The cross-section is a double-tee with bulbs at the bottoms of the webs to accommodate the prestressing strands. As it is envisioned in bridge applications, the double-tees will be placed directly adjacent to one another, and the top flange will act as the riding surface after a thin asphalt overlay is placed. Based on the longitudinal compressive stresses, the top flange of the girder can be quite thin. However, there exists the possibility that a punching shear failure could occur from the application of a point load such as a wheel patch load if the flange is made too thin. The research reported herein was initiated to characterize the punching shear capacity of thin UHPC plates and to develop recommendations on the minimum top flange thickness for the optimized double-tee. Twelve small slabs (45 in x 45 in) were tested to failure to characterize the punching shear strength of UHPC. The variables considered were the slab thickness (2, 2.5, and 3 in) and loading plate dimensions (from 1 in x 1 in to 3 in x 3 in). The results of the testing were compared to several existing models for punching shear. The two equations that predicted strengths most reliably were the current ACI punching shear equation and a modified bolt pull-out equation. After evaluation of the test results, the minimum slab thickness required to prevent a punching shear failure in the top flange due to an 8 in x 20 in wheel patch was determined to be 1 in. Three larger slabs were also tested. These slabs had the same clear span length as the top flange of the optimized double-tee and were loaded with a wheel patch load. The slabs were all approximately 3 in thick and all failed in flexure rather than punching shear. It was concluded that the casting method has a strong influence on the orientation of the steel fibers, which in turn influences the flexural strength in orthogonal directions in the slab. The top flange thickness will be governed by transverse bending rather than punching shear, and the 3 in slabs were not able to support the full wheel load plus impact and load factor. The results of this research help in the continued optimization of a UHPC shape for use in highway bridges. If material use in the girder is minimized, UHPC bridges can become economically competitive with HPC bridges, but offer the benefits of more rapid construction and better durability.
