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Characteristics Of A Mixed Thorium Uranium Dioxide High Burnup Fuel
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Book Synopsis Characteristics of a Mixed Thorium - Uranium Dioxide High-Burnup Fuel by :
Download or read book Characteristics of a Mixed Thorium - Uranium Dioxide High-Burnup Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Future nuclear fuel must satisfy three sets of requirements: longer times between refueling; concerns for weapons proliferation; and development of a spent fuel form more suitable for direct geologic disposal. This project has investigated a fuel consisting of mixed thorium and uranium dioxide to satisfy these requirements. Results using the SCALE 4.3 code system indicated that the mixed Th-U fuel could be burned to 72 MWD/kg or 100 MWD/kg using 25% and 35% UO2 respectively. The uranium remained below 20 % total fissile fraction throughout the cycle, making it unusable for weapons. Total plutonium production per MWD was a factor of 4.5 less in the Th-U fuel than in the conventional fuel; Pu-239 production per MWD was a factor of 6.5 less; and the plutonium produced was high in Pu-238, leading to a decay heat 5 times greater than that from plutonium derived from conventional fuel and 40 times greater than weapons grade plutonium. High decay heat would require active cooling of any crude weapon, lest the components surrounding the plutonium be melted. Spontaneous neutron production for plutonium from Th-U fuel was 2.3 times greater than that from conventional fuel and 15 times greater than that from weapons grade plutonium. High spontaneous neutron production drastically limits the probable yield of a crude weapon. Because ThO2 is the highest oxide of thorium, while UO2 can be oxidized further to U3O8, ThO2- UO2 fuel may be a superior wasteform if the spent fuel is ever to be exposed to oxygenated water. Even if the cost of fabricating the mixed Th-U fuel is $100/kg greater, the cost of the Th-U fuel is 13% to 25% less than that of the fuels using uranium only.
Book Synopsis Thorium Fuel Cycle by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Thorium Fuel Cycle written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a critical review of the thorium fuel cycle: potential benefits and challenges in the thorium fuel cycle, mainly based on the latest developments at the front end of the fuel cycle, applying thorium fuel cycle options, and at the back end of the thorium fuel cycle.
Book Synopsis Performance of Thorium-Based Mixed Oxide Fuels for the Consumption of Plutonium and Minor Actinides in Current and Advanced Reactors by :
Download or read book Performance of Thorium-Based Mixed Oxide Fuels for the Consumption of Plutonium and Minor Actinides in Current and Advanced Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A renewed interest in thorium-based fuels has arisen lately based on the need for proliferation resistance, longer fuel cycles, higher burnup and improved wasteform characteristics. Recent studies have been directed toward homogeneously mixed, heterogeneously mixed, and seed-and-blanket thorium-uranium fuel cycles that rely on "in situ" use of the bred-in U-233. However, due to the higher initial enrichment required to achieve acceptable burnups, these fuels are encountering economic constraints. Thorium can nevertheless play a large role in the nuclear fuel cycle; particularly in the reduction of plutonium. While uranium-based mixedoxide (MOX) fuel will decrease the amount of plutonium, the reduction is limited due to the breeding of more plutonium (and higher actinides) from the U-238. Here we present calculational results and a comparison of the potential burnup of a thorium-based and uranium-based mixed oxide fuel in a light water reactor (LWR). Although the uranium-based fuels outperformed the thorium-based fuels in achievable burnup, a depletion comparison of the initially charged plutonium (both reactor and weapons grade) showed that the thorium-based fuels outperformed the uranium-based fuels by more that a factor of 2; where more than 70% of the total plutonium in the thorium-based fuel is consumed during the cycle. This is significant considering that the achievable burnup of the thorium-based fuels were 1.4 to 4.6 times less than the uranium-based fuels. Furthermore, use of a thorium-based fuel could also be used as a strategy for reducing the amount of long-lived nuclides (including the minor actinides), and thus the radiotoxicity in spent nuclear fuel. Although the breeding of U-233 is a concern, the presence of U-232 and its daughter products can aid in making this fuel self-protecting, and/or enough U-238 can be added to denature the fissile uranium. From these calculations, it appears that thorium-based fuel for plutonium incineration is superior as compared to uranium-based fuel, and should be considered as an alternative to traditional MOX in both current and future reactor designs.
Book Synopsis Mass spectrometric determination of burnup of thorium-uranium dioxide fuel by : L. W. Green
Download or read book Mass spectrometric determination of burnup of thorium-uranium dioxide fuel written by L. W. Green and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thorium and the Third Fuel by : Joseph M. Dukert
Download or read book Thorium and the Third Fuel written by Joseph M. Dukert and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Analysis Review of Thorium TRISO Coated Particles During Manufacture, Irradiation and Accident Condition Heating Tests by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Performance Analysis Review of Thorium TRISO Coated Particles During Manufacture, Irradiation and Accident Condition Heating Tests written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA Tecdoc. This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the outcome of an IAEA coordinated research project on near term and promising long term options for deployment of thorium based nuclear energy. It is based on the compilation and analysis of available results on thorium tristructural isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel performance in manufacturing during irradiation and accident condition heating tests. As a result, the project participants concluded that the performance statistics for the high enriched thoria urania TRISO fuel system are in perfect concert with those state of the art requirements for present day high temperature reactor concepts.
Book Synopsis Preliminary safety and environmental information document by : Argonne National Laboratory
Download or read book Preliminary safety and environmental information document written by Argonne National Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thoria-based Nuclear Fuels by : Dasarathi Das
Download or read book Thoria-based Nuclear Fuels written by Dasarathi Das and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-24 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art on thermophysical and thermochemical properties, fabrication methodologies, irradiation behaviours, fuel reprocessing procedures, and aspects of waste management for oxide fuels in general and for thoria-based fuels in particular. The book covers all the essential features involved in the development of and working with nuclear technology. With the help of key databases, many of which were created by the authors, information is presented in the form of tables, figures, schematic diagrams and flow sheets, and photographs. This information will be useful for scientists and engineers working in the nuclear field, particularly for design and simulation, and for establishing the technology. One special feature is the inclusion of the latest information on thoria-based fuels, especially on the use of thorium in power generation, as it has less proliferation potential for nuclear weapons. Given its natural abundance, thorium offers a future alternative to uranium fuels in nuclear technology. In closing, the latest information on conventional uranium and plutonium fuels is also provided.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Nuclear Materials by : Todd R Allen
Download or read book Comprehensive Nuclear Materials written by Todd R Allen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-05-12 with total page 3552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Nuclear Materials, Five Volume Set discusses the major classes of materials suitable for usage in nuclear fission, fusion reactors and high power accelerators, and for diverse functions in fuels, cladding, moderator and control materials, structural, functional, and waste materials. The work addresses the full panorama of contemporary international research in nuclear materials, from Actinides to Zirconium alloys, from the worlds' leading scientists and engineers. Critically reviews the major classes and functions of materials, supporting the selection, assessment, validation and engineering of materials in extreme nuclear environment Fully integrated with F-elements.net, a proprietary database containing useful cross-referenced property data on the lanthanides and actinides Details contemporary developments in numerical simulation, modelling, experimentation, and computational analysis, for effective implementation in labs and plants
Book Synopsis Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry by : John K. Gibson
Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry written by John K. Gibson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of contemporary actinide research that focuses on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between these two realms Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry offers a comprehensive review of the key aspects of actinide research. Written by noted experts in the field, the text includes information on new advances in experiment and theory and reveals the interplay between these two realms. The authors offer a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the nature of actinide chemistry, and explore the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry. The text covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques. The authors provide contemporary overviews of each topic area presented and describe the current and anticipated experimental approaches for the field, as well as the current and future computational chemistry and materials techniques. In addition, the authors explore the combination of experiment and theory. This important resource: Provides an essential resource the reviews the key aspects of contemporary actinide research Includes information on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between the two Covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques Focuses on the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry Written for academics, students, professionals and researchers, this vital text contains a thorough review of the key aspects of actinide research and explores the most recent advances in experiment and theory.
Download or read book Thorium Dioxide written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the sixth book on reactor materials published under sponsorship of the Naval Reactors Office of the United States Department of Energy, formerly the United States Atomic Energy Commission. This book presents a comprehensive compilation of the most significant properties of thorium dioxide, much like the book Uranium Dioxide: Properties and Nuclear Applications presented information on the fuel material used in the Shippingport Pressurized Water Reactor core.
Download or read book U Uranium written by and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present volume A4 of the "Uranium" series of the Gmelin Handbook deals with two very important technological aspects of the nuclear fuel cycle: - the behavior of fuel elements during burnup in a nuclear reactor, and - the reprocessing of spent fuel to recover the non-fissioned uranium and newly created materials. The usefullifetime of a fuel element in a nuclear reactor depends strongly on the change of its chemical and physical properties during irradiation. Properties like thermal conductivity, swelling, creep, and oxygen-to-metal ratio are strongly affected by the intense neutron field and the energetic fission products. Furthermore, the high temperature gradient in a fuel element also produces alterations of the initial fuel. such as densification or U: Pu segregation. All of these effects are thoroughly discussed for the different kinds of fuels to be used in modern nuclear reactors today or in the future. The vast amount of very often Contradietory results in sometimes difficultly obtainable Iiterature has been summarized to create a compendium in this field with the two sections, on oxide and on carbide and nitride fuels, respectively. The chapters on reprocessing of spent fuels deal only with fuel elements of the uranium 235 thorium fuel cycle and with those containing fuel highly enriched in U. The treatment of U0 2 and (U,Pu)0 has already been given in the transuranic element series.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Thorium, Uranium and Plutonium Fuel Mixture Composition on the Reactivity Coefficients of Pressurised Water Reactors by :
Download or read book The Influence of Thorium, Uranium and Plutonium Fuel Mixture Composition on the Reactivity Coefficients of Pressurised Water Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reactivity coefficients -- Doppler coefficient (DC) -- Moderator temperature coefficient (MTC) -- Critical Boron Concentration (CBC) -- UO2 (Uranium dioxide) -- MOX (Mixed Oxide fuel) -- Thorium -- Fuel pin -- PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) -- MCNP (Monte Carlo N Particle Code)
Book Synopsis High-quality Thorium TRISO Fuel Performance in HTGRs by :
Download or read book High-quality Thorium TRISO Fuel Performance in HTGRs written by and published by Forschungszentrum Jülich. This book was released on 2013 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium by : National Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Management and Disposition of Excess Weapons Plutonium written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-08-06 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the next decade, many thousands of U.S. and Russian nuclear weapons are slated to be retired as a result of nuclear arms reduction treaties and unilateral pledges. Hundreds of tons of plutonium and highly enriched uranium will no longer be needed for weapons purposes and will pose urgent challenges to international security. This is the supporting volume to a study by the Committee on International Security and Arms Control which dealt with all phases of the management and disposition of these materials. This technical study concentrates on the option for the disposition of plutonium, looking in detail at the different types of reactors in which weapons plutonium could be burned and at the vitrification of plutonium, and comparing them using economic, security and environmental criteria.
Download or read book Uranium Dioxide written by J. Belle and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fabrication of Thorium Fuel Elements by : L. R. Weissert
Download or read book Fabrication of Thorium Fuel Elements written by L. R. Weissert and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
