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Characteristics And Composition Of Aerosol Generated By Electronic Cigarettes What Is The Impact On Human Health
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Book Synopsis Characteristics and Composition of Aerosol Generated by Electronic Cigarettes: What is the Impact on Human Health? by : Dominic L. Palazzolo
Download or read book Characteristics and Composition of Aerosol Generated by Electronic Cigarettes: What is the Impact on Human Health? written by Dominic L. Palazzolo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030946837X Total Pages :775 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Author :United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :728 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease by : United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Book Synopsis A System for Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Generation and Exposure by : Xiaohan Li
Download or read book A System for Electronic Cigarette Aerosol Generation and Exposure written by Xiaohan Li and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) make up a series of devices designed to deliver aerosols, often-times containing nicotine, by heating a liquid that is typically composed of propylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG). These devices have been constantly evolving since first being invented. Changes include larger liquid tanks, greater battery capacity, variable device settings and uniquely customizable atomizers. As e-cigarettes have gained greater popularity, concerns regarding the potential health implications have grown. A number of studies have indicated exposure to high concentrations of e-cigarette aerosols, nicotine and additives can lead to adverse health effects. Research for in vivo studies in animals and humans and in vitro studies in cell culture systems has been extensively published. However, due to the tremendous variability in e-cigarette systems and e-liquid compositions used, these findings are varied and difficult to compare due to the lack of a standard exposure condition. Therefore, the development of an e-cigarette exposure system with precisely controlled device settings and e-liquid compositions is critical for future studies to evaluate potential mechanisms leading to adverse health effects with e-cigarette use. The objective of this study was to design an e-cigarette exposure system to control for the operation of the device using a precisely defined e-liquid composition and the generation of an aerosol for exposure to animals and cells. With such a system the generation of an aerosol from a precisely controlled e-liquid composition of varying nicotine levels can be used for analytical measurement and controlled animal and cell culture exposure conditions. In this study, a third-generation e-cigarette device was used to generate aerosols by implementing controllable settings and customized e-liquid solutions using chemical grade materials. The device was set at 45W, 450oF to generate a 3-secon puff either once or twice per minute. Consistency of the system was tested by two 10-day and two 22-day exposures. Aerosol and nicotine concentrations were used as endpoints for consistency. In both 10-day studies, 2 puffs per minute, each of 3 second puff duration was used to generate aerosol and nicotine concentrations at approximately 2000 mg and 20 mg/m3, respectively. In the two 22-day studies, the first study used an aerosol profile of two puffs per minute of three second/puff duration to generate an average aerosol and nicotine concentration at approximately 2000 mg/m3 and 20 mg/m3. In contrast, the second 22-day study implemented an aerosol profile using a regimen of one puff per minute, while maintaining a puff duration of 3 seconds. The concentrations between the two studies demonstrate an approximately 2-fold reduction in both aerosol and nicotine concentrations. Concentration of nicotine in the aerosol was found, in general, to correlate with chamber nicotine concentration. Serum nicotine and cotinine concentrations measured in the blood serum of mice exposed to e-cigarette aerosols demonstrated a high correlation to chamber nicotine concentration. The consistency in the generation of coil temperature by third-generation e-cigarette devices, along with the actual temperature generated by the coil using a thermocouple for verification were analyzed. The coil temperature measured by Evolve Suite software deviated from the temperature measured by a thermocouple. The heating coils were also found to operate to differing degrees as the temperature was increased, thus generating different temperature curves. In summary, the exposure system is capable of generating an overall consistent average chamber aerosol and nicotine concentrations in a predictable range under controlled operational conditions provided by a third-generation e-cigarette device and the exposure chamber system. Variability in the concentrations of aerosol and nicotine observed was attributed to differing properties and heating patterns of the coils during over the course of the device operation. High quality devices and more uniform heating coils will further enhance the consistency and reproducibility of the system. The exposure system described possesses the ability to create standard exposure conditions for e-cigarette research.
Book Synopsis E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General by : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Download or read book E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tobacco use among youth and young adults in any form, including e-cigarettes, is not safe. In recent years, e-cigarette use by youth and young adults has increased at an alarming rate. E-cigarettes are now the most commonly used tobacco product among youth in the United States. This timely report highlights the rapidly changing patterns of e-cigarette use among youth and young adults, assesses what we know about the health effects of using these products, and describes strategies that tobacco companies use to recruit our nation's youth and young adults to try and continue using e-cigarettes. The report also outlines interventions that can be adopted to minimize the harm these products cause to our nation's youth.E-cigarettes are tobacco products that deliver nicotine. Nicotine is a highly addictive substance, and many of today's youth who are using e-cigarettes could become tomorrow's cigarette smokers. Nicotine exposure can also harm brain development in ways that may affect the health and mental health of our kids.E-cigarette use among youth and young adults is associated with the use of other tobacco products, including conventional cigarettes. Because most tobacco use is established during adolescence, actions to prevent our nation's young people from the potential of a lifetime of nicotine addiction are critical.E-cigarette companies appear to be using many of the advertising tactics the tobacco industry used to persuade a new generation of young people to use their products. Companies are promoting their products through television and radio advertisements that use celebrities, sexual content, and claims of independence to glamorize these addictive products and make them appealing to young people.
Book Synopsis The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke by : Alan Rodgman
Download or read book The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke written by Alan Rodgman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 2334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by two longtime researchers in tobacco science, The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Second Edition chronicles the progress made from late 2008 through 2011 by scientists in the field of tobacco science. The book examines the isolation and characterization of each component. It explores developments in pertinent analytical
Book Synopsis Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes by : Konstantinos E. Farsalinos
Download or read book Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes written by Konstantinos E. Farsalinos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Assessment of E-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles addresses the many issues surrounding electronic cigarettes in an unprecedented level of scientific detail. The plethora of product devices, formulations, and flavors, combined with the lack of industry standards and labeling requirements, quality control, and limited product oversight, has given rise to public concern about initiation of use and potential for adverse exposure and negative long-term health outcomes. This volume discusses how analytical methods can address these issues and support the manufacturing, labeling, distribution, testing, regulation, and monitoring for consistency of products with known chemical content and demonstrated performance characteristics. The book begins with the background on aerosol drug delivery services and e-cigarettes, constituents of nicotine-containing liquid dosing formulations, typical use scenarios and associated aerosol emissions, and chemical exposures and pharmacological and toxicological effect profiles, and then continues with descriptions of the analytical methods used to characterize the chemicals in formulations and emissions from e-cigarettes, including their stability, physical particle-size distribution and thermal degradation under commonly employed conditions of use. Analytical methods enabling detection of biomarkers of exposure and harm in complex biological matrices are discussed, with an emphasis on constituents or emissions of current medicinal interest or with potential to produce harm. Opportunities and challenges for analytical chemistry in supporting the continued development and use of safe and consistent dosage formulations as alternatives to tobacco products are also explored, with a concluding section describing an analytical approach to a risk-benefit assessment of e-cigarette use on human health. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. Hackney, Anthony C. Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 9780128092064, March 2016.Tanna, Sangeeta and Lawson, Graham. Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence, 9780128054635, April 2016.Rao, Vikram; Knight, Rob; and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, September 2016. Discusses the chemistry and physics involved in aerosol production, inhalation, deposition, chemical exposure, and effect assessment Contains current information and state-of-the-science methods on e-cigarette emissions, exposures, and harm assessment Offers an authoritative, objective perspective from five of the most well-recognized scientists in their areas of expertise who have no personal stake in the e-cigarette industry or the opposition Includes a foreword written by Dr. Neal Benowitz
Book Synopsis Effects of Device Type and Liquid Composition on Characteristics of Aerosols Generated from Tank-style E-cigarette and JUUL Pod by : Yuening Guo
Download or read book Effects of Device Type and Liquid Composition on Characteristics of Aerosols Generated from Tank-style E-cigarette and JUUL Pod written by Yuening Guo and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309468345 Total Pages :775 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 775 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Millions of Americans use e-cigarettes. Despite their popularity, little is known about their health effects. Some suggest that e-cigarettes likely confer lower risk compared to combustible tobacco cigarettes, because they do not expose users to toxicants produced through combustion. Proponents of e-cigarette use also tout the potential benefits of e-cigarettes as devices that could help combustible tobacco cigarette smokers to quit and thereby reduce tobacco-related health risks. Others are concerned about the exposure to potentially toxic substances contained in e-cigarette emissions, especially in individuals who have never used tobacco products such as youth and young adults. Given their relatively recent introduction, there has been little time for a scientific body of evidence to develop on the health effects of e-cigarettes. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes reviews and critically assesses the state of the emerging evidence about e-cigarettes and health. This report makes recommendations for the improvement of this research and highlights gaps that are a priority for future research.
Book Synopsis Analysis of the Aerosol Composition, Its Deposition and Uptake in Electronic Cigarette Users by : Chamodhi Ravihansi Polgampola Ralalage
Download or read book Analysis of the Aerosol Composition, Its Deposition and Uptake in Electronic Cigarette Users written by Chamodhi Ravihansi Polgampola Ralalage and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) generate aerosol (particles in a gas matrix) by vaporizing the e-liquid, consisting of propylene glycol (PG), glycerol (GL), nicotine, and other additives. Aerosol enters the respiratory tract (RT) of the user, where part of it is deposited, while the rest is exhaled. Compounds in the gas and particle phase have different deposition mechanisms in the RT, thus determining the location of deposition. The location of deposition and amount of a compound will influence the biological response in the body. Identifying the composition of each constituent in the gas phase and particle phase would enhance the understanding of their deposition in the RT, thus absorption into the body. Study 1: assess the composition difference in aerosol particle phase (PP) from its e-liquid, and identify the mechanism associated with the composition difference. Gas chromatography analysis was conducted on e-liquid and aerosol PP for PG, GL, and nicotine. Experiments were designed to isolate the mechanism for composition difference by testing evaporation, aging, vaporization, and condensation. Study 2: streamline a methodology to study impact of user-specific parameters on aerosol deposition in e-cigarette users. A pilot study was conducted with participation of e-cigarette consumers to test the usability of exhale breath collection device. Feasibility of quantifying yield, exhale breath, puff and respiratory topographies were evaluated. Salivary cotinine boost was quantified to measure nicotine uptake. PG in aerosol PP showed a significant reduction from the e-liquid. Nicotine composition difference between e-liquid and the PP for non-acidified e-liquid was greater from acidified e-liquids. Study data is in agreement with the condensation model to explain the composition change of aerosol PP vs the initial e-liquid. The pilot study successfully quantified exhale breath composition, deposition efficiencies, salivary cotinine boost, puff and respiratory topographies. Findings confirmed the composition of aerosol PP to be different from its e-liquid and identified the mechanism for the difference. Pilot study successfully demonstrated the proof of concept to study the impact of user-specific parameters in e-cigarette users."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013 by : World Health Organization
Download or read book WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The continued success in global tobacco control is detailed in this year’s WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013. The fourth in the series, this year’s report presents the status of the MPOWER measures, with country-specific data updated and aggregated through 2012. In addition, the report provides a special focus on legislation to ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) in WHO Member States and an in-depth analyses of TAPS bans were performed, allowing for a more detailed understanding of progress and future challenges in this area."--Website summary.
Book Synopsis Electronic Cigarettes and Vape Devices by : Susan Chu Walley
Download or read book Electronic Cigarettes and Vape Devices written by Susan Chu Walley and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-12 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes), also known as vape devices or by trade names such as JUUL, are handheld devices that aerosolize liquid commonly containing nicotine, humectants and flavorings. Used by 1 in 5 high school students in 2020, they are the most common tobacco product used by youth. E-cigarette use has been associated with a variety of health issues such as nicotine addiction, e-cigarette or vaping associated lung illness (EVALI), seizures, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This first-of-its-kind book begins with an introduction and background on the historical context of tobacco products. The next chapters provide an overview of the e-cigarette landscape and reviews the e-cigarette devices and solutions and the evolution of these products. This is followed by reviews of the health effects of e-cigarettes on users and non-users and includes recommendations for prevention and treatment of youth e-cigarette use. The last few chapters address the public health impact of e-cigarettes with a review of the evidence of e-cigarettes in smoking cessation. The book closes with policy and advocacy approaches and a resource page. E-cigarette and vape device use pose a public health crisis. This book contains succinct practical information and is a key reference for pediatricians as well as clinicians of all specialities. It also serves as a resource for health professionals, including tobacco dependence treatment providers and public health experts.
Book Synopsis OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 471: Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test by : OECD
Download or read book OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4 Test No. 471: Bacterial Reverse Mutation Test written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1997-07-21 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bacterial reverse mutation test uses amino-acid requiring at least five strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli to detect point mutations by base substitutions or frameshifts. The principle of this bacterial reverse mutation test ...
Book Synopsis Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Scientific Standards for Studies on Modified Risk Tobacco Products written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smoking-related diseases kill more Americans than alcohol, illegal drugs, murder and suicide combined. The passage of the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 gave the FDA authority to regulate "modified risk tobacco products" (MRTPs), tobacco products that are either designed or advertised to reduce harm or the risk of tobacco-related disease. MRTPs must submit to the FDA scientific evidence to demonstrate the product has the potential to reduce tobacco related harms as compared to conventional tobacco products. The IOM identifies minimum standards for scientific studies that an applicant would need to complete to obtain an order to market the product from the FDA.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by :
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atmospheric Aerosols by : Claudio Tomasi
Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Claudio Tomasi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ein Blick auf die morphologischen, physikalischen und chemischen Eigenschaften von Aerosolen aus den unterschiedlichsten natürlichen und anthropogenen Quellen trägt zum besseren Verständnis der Rolle bei, die Aerosolpartikel bei der Streuung und Absorption kurz- und langwelliger Strahlung spielen. Dieses Fachbuch bietet Informationen, die sonst schwer zu finden sind, und vermittelt ausführlich die Kenntnisse, die erforderlich sind, um die mikrophysikalischen, chemischen und Strahlungsparameter zu charakterisieren, die bei der Wechselwirkung von Sonnen- und Erdstrahlen so überaus wichtig sind. Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf den indirekten Auswirkungen von Aerosolen auf das Klima im Rahmen des komplexen Systems aus Aerosolen, Wolken und der Atmosphäre. Auch geht es vorrangig um die Wirkungen natürlicher und anthropogener Aerosole auf die Luftqualität und die Umwelt, auf die menschliche Gesundheit und unser kulturelles Erbe. Mit einem durchgängig lösungsorientierten Ansatz werden nicht nur die Probleme und Gefahren dieser Aerosole behandelt, sondern auch praktikable Lösungswege aufgezeigt.
Download or read book Aerosols Handbook written by Lev S. Ruzer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more attention is dedicated to understanding the occupational health risks associated with the industrial manufacture and use of nanotechnology, Aerosols Handbook: Measurement, Dosimetry, and Health Effects is a timely presentation of time-tested research in the field of aerosol science. The book covers a multitude of topics in indoor, outdoor,
