Challenges in Partially Automated Driving

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Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 9176852962
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Challenges in Partially Automated Driving by : Ignacio Solís Marcos

Download or read book Challenges in Partially Automated Driving written by Ignacio Solís Marcos and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technological development in recent years is currently reflected in the implementation of more and more advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). A clear example is found in the automated driving systems being marketed today. Some of these systems are capable of controlling crucial driving tasks such as keeping the vehicle within the lane or maintaining speed and the distance with the front vehicle constant. While this technology is still not mature enough to allow fully autonomous driving, current systems allow partially automated driving, or Level 2 (SAE, 2016). Level 2 automation enables feet-free, and for short periods hands-free driving, under specific situations. Yet, the driver is still expected to monitor the road and the system and be ready to intervene when required by the system. Regarding this, studies from the driving and other domains have warned about potential performance problems associated with placing operators in such monitoring role. Factors such as vigilance decrements or proneness to engage in other activities have been proposed to explain these problems; however, their role in the context of Level 2 automation remains to be further investigated. In this context, the main aims of this thesis were to understand the attentional effects of monitoring a Level 2 automated system and to investigate drivers’ strategies to integrate additional tasks while using such system. In particular, the following research questions were established: 1) Does monitoring a Level 2 system affect driver attention after short driving periods?; 2) Does Level 2 automation facilitate the performance of additional tasks?; 3) How do drivers integrate additional tasks into their monitoring responsibilities, and how is that influenced by automation trust and experience?. A complementary aim of this thesis was to explore the applicability of the event-related potentials (ERPs) technique to detect the effects of different types of ADAS, i.e. Level 2 automation and a visual in-vehicle information system (IVIS), on drivers’ attention and on specific processing resources. Three studies were conducted to address the aforementioned research questions. In Study I and III, the participants were asked to drive Level 2 automated and manually while performing an auditory oddball task (Study I) or a visuomotor task (Study III). In Study II, the participants were instructed to perform a computer tracking task with or without the support of an artificial visual IVIS while executing a secondary auditory oddball task. Measurements included performance indicators from the primary and secondary tasks, as well as subjective and psychophysiological measures. ERPs (N1 and P3 amplitude and latencies) elicited by the auditory oddball task were used to assess the participants’ attentional resource allocation. Glance behaviour was also recorded to analyse drivers’ visual monitoring strategies in Study III. In addition, subjective measures of mental workload, vigilance or automation trust were collected. Last, driving parameters such as speed, time spent on the left lane or number overtakings were used to account for driving strategies to integrate an additional task while driving Level 2 automated or manually (Study III). As hypothesized, monitoring a Level 2 automated system for short periods led to lower perceived demands and to reductions in the allocation of attentional resources to the auditory oddball task, as shown by lower amplitudes in the P3 component (Study I). In Study III, driving Level 2 automated led to worse performances on an additional visuomotor task, compared to when driving manually, which contradicted our expectations. Additionally, when the system was active, drivers tended to look less to the road and more to the dashboard; however, only drivers with automation experience or who perceived the system as more robust increased their visual attention to the additional task. Furthermore, the results from Study II showed that some specific ERPs parameters, namely N1 latency and P3 amplitude, were also sensitive to the demands of IVIS while performing the tracking task. Based on previous studies (Young and Stanton, 2002), the lower attentional resource allocation observed in Study I could reflect a cognitive underload effect induced by the Level 2 automated driving. Cognitive underload is proposed as one of the explaining mechanisms for the observed worse performances in the additional visuomotor task during the automated conditions in Study III. However, other effects such as overload or task interferences could also explain this. Finally, the results revealed by the ERPs in Studies I and II suggest that this could be a useful technique to detect alterations in drivers’ attention due to the excessive high or low demands placed by different ADAS. ERPs also showed a greater diagnosticity than other measures in the detection of specific task requirements of perceptual and cognitive resources. Thus, ERPs may be useful as a complementary tool to other mental workload measures. Given that drivers need to remain attentive at all times while interacting with a Level 2 automated vehicle, the use of countermeasures to mitigate the negative attentional effects reported in this thesis is highly recommended. Specific training programs enhancing drivers’ knowledge of the system or the implementation of systems that inform about the system reliability or detect inadequate driver states could be promising solutions. Ägare av fordon med nivå 2-automation har nu möjlighet att köra utan att använda pedalerna, och under korta perioder, även utan att behöva styra i specifika trafiksituationer. Emellertid förblir de fortfarande ansvariga för att kontinuerligt övervaka den omgivande trafikmiljön liksom det automatiserade systemet. Även om automatiserade fordon har potential att öka säkerheten, har tidigare studier visat på betydande problem förknippade med förares svårigheter att övervaka automatiserade system en längre tid. Denna avhandlings huvudsakliga syfte var att förstå vilken inverkan nivå 2- automatiserad körning har på förares uppmärksamhet och beteende under två situationer: a) då föraren övervakar trafiken och systemet, b) då föraren övervakar trafiken och systemet, och samtidigt utför en sidouppgift av visumotorisk karaktär. Dessutom undersöktes även vilken inverkan tillit till och erfarenhet av nivå 2-automation hade på förarens övervakningsstrategier av och användning av systemet. Ett ytterligare, kompletterande syfte med denna avhandling, var att undersöka användbarheten av event-related potentials (ERP) -tekniken för att bättre kunna detektera eventuella förändringar som förknippas med nivå 2-automation. Specifikt analyserades N1 och P3 ERP-komponenterna. Dessutom användes denna teknik i avhandlingen för att upptäcka ökning av den mentala arbetsbelastningen i samband med förarens interaktion med andra vanliga stödsystem, exempelvis fordonets informationssystem. Tre olika studier genomfördes. I Studie I (simulatorstudie) observerades att körning med nivå 2- automation under korta perioder medförde generella minskningar av uppmärksamhetsresursallokering. Denna effekt upptäcktes som en minskning av amplituden hos P3-komponenten, framkallad av utförandet av en sekundär auditiv uppgift. I Studie III (på väg) upptäcktes sämre prestation på en sidouppgift av visumotorisk karaktär under körning med nivå-2 automation jämfört med manuell körning. Det observerades även att förare med större erfarenhet av systemet och/eller högre skattningar av systemets robusthet, tenderade att titta mindre på vägen och mer på sidouppgiften. Slutligen, i Studie II (laboratoriestudie), upptäcktes att ERP var användbart för att detektera ökningar av krav associerade med utförandet av en datoradministrerad spårningsuppgift, baserad på ett artificiellt visuellt IVIS. I allmänhet tyder resultaten i denna avhandling på att nivå 2-automation kan leda till kognitiv underbelastning, en effekt som tidigare har observerats i högre grader av automation. Nedsättning av uppmärksamhet, beroende på kognitiv underbelastning, kan förklara de sämre prestationerna på sidouppgiften under körning med nivå 2-automation som observerades i studie III. Dock behöver resultatet undersökas ytterligare eftersom andra effekter, som överbelastning eller specifik uppgiftskonkurrens, också kan ha skett. I enlighet med avhandlingens kompletterande syfte, uppvisade användningen av ERP, som ett komplementärt verktyg till andra sätt att mäta mental arbetsbelastning, lovande resultat. ERP kan användas för att upptäcka ytterligare effekter av olika stödsystem, som antingen ökar eller minskar de krav som ställs på föraren. Nu finns fordon med nivå 2-automation på vägarna. Trots detta är vissa säkerhetsproblem, förknippade med deras effekter på förarens förmågor och beteende, fortfarande olösta. Det är därför nödvändigt att insatser görs för att mildra sådana problem så att framtida incidenter i trafiken kan förhindras i så stor utsträckning som möjligt. Förhoppningsvis bidrar denna avhandling till att öka förståelsen för de verkliga effekterna av nivå 2-system på förare och uppmuntrar till fler framtida studier inom området.

Autonomous Driving

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662488477
Total Pages : 706 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomous Driving by : Markus Maurer

Download or read book Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".

Automated Driving

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319318950
Total Pages : 619 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (193 download)

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Book Synopsis Automated Driving by : Daniel Watzenig

Download or read book Automated Driving written by Daniel Watzenig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 619 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main topics of this book include advanced control, cognitive data processing, high performance computing, functional safety, and comprehensive validation. These topics are seen as technological bricks to drive forward automated driving. The current state of the art of automated vehicle research, development and innovation is given. The book also addresses industry-driven roadmaps for major new technology advances as well as collaborative European initiatives supporting the evolvement of automated driving. Various examples highlight the state of development of automated driving as well as the way forward. The book will be of interest to academics and researchers within engineering, graduate students, automotive engineers at OEMs and suppliers, ICT and software engineers, managers, and other decision-makers.

Automated Vehicles and MaaS

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111976534X
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Automated Vehicles and MaaS by : Bob Williams

Download or read book Automated Vehicles and MaaS written by Bob Williams and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-17 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AUTOMATED VEHICLES AND MaaS A topical overview of the issues facing automated driving systems and Mobility as a Service, identifies the obstacles to implementation and offers potential solutions Advances in cooperative and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies, cultural and socio-economic shifts, measures to combat climate change, social pressures to reduce road deaths and injuries, and changing attitudes toward self-driving cars, are creating new and exciting mobility scenarios worldwide. However, many obstacles remain and are compounded by the consequences of COVID-19. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) integrates various forms of public and private transport services into a single on-demand mobility service. Combining trains, cars, buses, bicycles, and other forms of transport, MaaS promises a convenient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to private automobiles. Automated Vehicles and MaaS: Removing the Barriers is an up-to-date overview of the contemporary challenges facing CAVs and MaaS. Written in a clear and accessible style, this timely volume summarizes recent research studies, describes the evolution of automated driving systems and MaaS, identifies the barriers to their widespread adoption, and proposes potential solutions to overcome and remove these barriers. The text focuses on the claims, realities, politics, new organizational roles, and implementation problems associated with CAVs and MaaS—providing industry professionals, policymakers, planners, administrators, and investors with a clear understanding of the issues facing the introduction of automated driving systems and MaaS. This important guide and reference: Provides an overview of recent progress, the current state of the art, and discussion of future objectives Presents both technical background and general overview of automated driving systems and MaaS Covers political, commercial, and practical issues, as well as technical and research content, yet suitable for non-specialists Helps readers make informed decisions and realistic estimates for implementing mobility solutions and new business models for transport services Includes an extensive bibliography with direct links to in-depth technical engineering and research information Automated Vehicles and MaaS: Removing the Barriers is an essential resource for transport providers, vehicle manufacturers, urban and transport planners, students of transportation, vehicle technology, and urban planning, and transport policy and strategy managers, advisors, and reviewers.

Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS)

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000483770
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) by : Lentin Joseph

Download or read book Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS) written by Lentin Joseph and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-16 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS): Applications, Development, Legal Issues, and Testing outlines the latest research related to autonomous cars and advanced driver-assistance systems, including the development, testing, and verification for real-time situations of sensor fusion, sensor placement, control algorithms, and computer vision. Features: Co-edited by an experienced roboticist and author and an experienced academic Addresses the legal aspect of autonomous driving and ADAS Presents the application of ADAS in autonomous vehicle parking systems With an infinite number of real-time possibilities that need to be addressed, the methods and the examples included in this book are a valuable source of information for academic and industrial researchers, automotive companies, and suppliers.

Driver Reactions to Automated Vehicles

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351207490
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis Driver Reactions to Automated Vehicles by : Alexander Eriksson

Download or read book Driver Reactions to Automated Vehicles written by Alexander Eriksson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Driver Reactions to Automated Vehicles focuses on the design and evaluation of the handover to and from driver and the automobile. The authors present evidence from studies in driving simulators and on the open roads to show that handover times are much longer than anticipated by previous research. In the course of the studies, Eriksson and Stanton develop compelling evidence to support the use of driving simulators for the study of handovers. They also develop guidelines for the design of handover strategies and show how this improves driver takeover of vehicle control. Features Provides a history of automobile automation Offers a contemporary analysis of the state of automobile automation Includes novel approaches in examining driver-automation interaction Presents studies of automation in driving simulators Includes on-road studies of driver automation Covers guidelines for design of vehicle automation

Autonomous Vehicles

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811592551
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicles by : Steven Van Uytsel

Download or read book Autonomous Vehicles written by Steven Van Uytsel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book aims to address challenges facing the deployment of autonomous vehicles. Autonomous vehicles were predicted to hit the road by 2017. Even though a high degree of automation may have been achieved, vehicles that can drive autonomously under all circumstances are not yet commercially available, and the predictions have been adjusted. Now, experts even say that we are still decades away from fully autonomous vehicles. In this volume, the authors form a multidisciplinary team of experts to discuss some of the reasons behind this delay. The focus is on three areas: business, technology, and law. The authors discuss how the traditional car manufacturers have to devote numerous resources to the development of a new business model, in which the sole manufacturing of vehicles may no longer be sufficient. In addition, the book seeks to introduce how technological challenges are creating a shift toward connected autonomous vehicles. Further, it provides insight into how regulators are responding to the insufficiently tested technology and how lawyers try to answer the liability question for accidents with these autonomous vehicles.

Autonomous Vehicle Technology

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Publisher : Rand Corporation
ISBN 13 : 0833084372
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicle Technology by : James M. Anderson

Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.

Human Factors in Intelligent Vehicles

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000793575
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors in Intelligent Vehicles by : Cristina Olaverri-Monreal

Download or read book Human Factors in Intelligent Vehicles written by Cristina Olaverri-Monreal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human Factors in Intelligent Vehicles addresses issues related to the analysis of human factors in the design and evaluation of intelligent vehicles for a wide spectrum of applications and over different dimensions. To commemorate the 8th anniversary of the IEEE ITS Workshop on Human Factors (http://hfiv.net) some recent works of authors active in the automotive human factors community have been collected in this book. Enclosed here are extended versions of papers and tutorials that were presented at the IEEE ITSS Workshop on “Human Factors in Intelligent Vehicles” and also included is additional deeper analysis along with detailed experimental and simulation results. The contributors cover autonomous vehicles as well as the frameworks for analyzing automation, modelling and methods for road users’ interaction such as intelligent user interfaces, including brain-computer interfaces and simulation and analysis tools related to human factors.

Human Factors in Aviation

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Publisher : Gulf Professional Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0127500316
Total Pages : 884 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (275 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Factors in Aviation by : Earl L. Wiener

Download or read book Human Factors in Aviation written by Earl L. Wiener and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 1988 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1950s, a number of specialized books dealing with human factors has been published, but very little in aviation. Human Factors in Aviation is the first comprehensive review of contemporary applications of human factors research to aviation. A "must" for aviation professionals, equipment and systems designers, pilots, and managers--with emphasis on definition and solution of specific problems. General areas of human cognition and perception, systems theory, and safety are approached through specific topics in aviation--behavioral analysis of pilot performance, cockpit automation, advancing display and control technology, and training methods.

Data Driven

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Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691259127
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Data Driven by : Karen Levy

Download or read book Data Driven written by Karen Levy and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-18 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A behind-the-scenes look at how digital surveillance is affecting the trucking way of life Long-haul truckers are the backbone of the American economy, transporting goods under grueling conditions and immense economic pressure. Truckers have long valued the day-to-day independence of their work, sharing a strong occupational identity rooted in a tradition of autonomy. Yet these workers increasingly find themselves under many watchful eyes. Data Driven examines how digital surveillance is upending life and work on the open road, and raises crucial questions about the role of data collection in broader systems of social control. Karen Levy takes readers inside a world few ever see, painting a bracing portrait of one of the last great American frontiers. Federal regulations now require truckers to buy and install digital monitors that capture data about their locations and behaviors. Intended to address the pervasive problem of trucker fatigue by regulating the number of hours driven each day, these devices support additional surveillance by trucking firms and other companies. Traveling from industry trade shows to law offices and truck-stop bars, Levy reveals how these invasive technologies are reconfiguring industry relationships and providing new tools for managerial and legal control—and how truckers are challenging and resisting them. Data Driven contributes to an emerging conversation about how technology affects our work, institutions, and personal lives, and helps to guide our thinking about how to protect public interests and safeguard human dignity in the digital age.

Road Vehicle Automation 3

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319405039
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Road Vehicle Automation 3 by : Gereon Meyer

Download or read book Road Vehicle Automation 3 written by Gereon Meyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book comprises papers about the impacts, benefits and challenges of connected and automated cars. It is the third volume of the LNMOB series dealing with Road Vehicle Automation. The book comprises contributions from researchers, industry practitioners and policy makers, covering perspectives from the U.S., Europe and Japan. It is based on the Automated Vehicles Symposium 2015 which was jointly organized by the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) and the Transportation Research Board (TRB) in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in July 2015. The topical spectrum includes, but is not limited to, public sector activities, human factors, ethical and business aspects, energy and technological perspectives, vehicle systems and transportation infrastructure. This book is an indispensable source of information for academic researchers, industrial engineers and policy makers interested in the topic of road vehicle automation.

Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2011

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642213812
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2011 by : Gereon Meyer

Download or read book Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2011 written by Gereon Meyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-29 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental transformations are imminent for the automobile today: propulsion technologies are going to shift from combustion engines to electric motors; cars and roads will soon be as safe and convenient as never before; and traffic will flow increasingly efficient. Many of these advancements are due to innovative information and communication technologies, controls and smart systems, both in the vehicle and at its interfaces with the systems for power supply, mobility and data communication. The papers published in this book are selected from the submissions to the 15th International Forum on Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications (AMAA 2011) “Smart Systems for Electric, Safe and Networked Mobility”. They cover components, architectures and smart systems enabling the following functionalities: electric driving, safe cars and roads, and connected vehicles. Additional information is available at www.amaa.de

User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303077726X
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving by : Andreas Riener

Download or read book User Experience Design in the Era of Automated Driving written by Andreas Riener and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-01 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to user experience design for automated driving to address humane aspects of automated driving, e.g., workload, safety, trust, ethics, and acceptance. Automated driving has experienced a major development boost in recent years. However, most of the research and implementation has been technology-driven, rather than human-centered. The levels of automated driving have been poorly defined and inconsistently used. A variety of application scenarios and restrictions has been ambiguous. Also, it deals with human factors, design practices and methods, as well as applications, such as multimodal infotainment, virtual reality, augmented reality, and interactions in and outside users. This book aims at 1) providing engineers, designers, and practitioners with a broad overview of the state-of-the-art user experience research in automated driving to speed-up the implementation of automated vehicles and 2) helping researchers and students benefit from various perspectives and approaches to generate new research ideas and conduct more integrated research.

Learning to Drive

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Publisher : Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Learning to Drive by : David Michael Stavens

Download or read book Learning to Drive written by David Michael Stavens and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, 1.2 million people die in automobile accidents and up to 50 million are injured. Many of these deaths are due to driver error and other preventable causes. Autonomous or highly aware cars have the potential to positively impact tens of millions of people. Building an autonomous car is not easy. Although the absolute number of traffic fatalities is tragically large, the failure rate of human driving is actually very small. A human driver makes a fatal mistake once in about 88 million miles. As a co-founding member of the Stanford Racing Team, we have built several relevant prototypes of autonomous cars. These include Stanley, the winner of the 2005 DARPA Grand Challenge and Junior, the car that took second place in the 2007 Urban Challenge. These prototypes demonstrate that autonomous vehicles can be successful in challenging environments. Nevertheless, reliable, cost-effective perception under uncertainty is a major challenge to the deployment of robotic cars in practice. This dissertation presents selected perception technologies for autonomous driving in the context of Stanford's autonomous cars. We consider speed selection in response to terrain conditions, smooth road finding, improved visual feature optimization, and cost effective car detection. Our work does not rely on manual engineering or even supervised machine learning. Rather, the car learns on its own, training itself without human teaching or labeling. We show this "self-supervised" learning often meets or exceeds traditional methods. Furthermore, we feel self-supervised learning is the only approach with the potential to provide the very low failure rates necessary to improve on human driving performance.

Cry Wolf

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Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1134923023
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Cry Wolf by : S. Breznitz

Download or read book Cry Wolf written by S. Breznitz and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in the year 1984, Cry Wolf is a valuable contribution to the field of Developmental Psychology.

Sleepiness

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139494201
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Sleepiness by : Michael J. Thorpy

Download or read book Sleepiness written by Michael J. Thorpy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written and edited by leading clinicians and researchers in sleep medicine, this is the first book to focus on the causes, consequences and treatment of disorders of excessive sleepiness. Extensive coverage is provided for all known causes of sleepiness, including sleep deprivation, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy and other hypersomnias of central origin, shift work, and medical and psychiatric disorders. Since many causes of sleepiness are difficult to differentiate from each other, and treatment modalities can vary greatly from one disorder to another, this book helps the clinician to formulate a differential diagnosis that will ultimately lead to the correct diagnosis. Epidemiology, evaluation of the sleepy patient, diagnostic investigations including neuroimaging, subjective and objective testing, cognitive effects of sleepiness, motor vehicle driving issues, medico-legal aspects of sleepiness, and therapy are also discussed in detail. This is an essential resource for neurologists, psychiatrists and sleep specialists.