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Central Banks Quasi Fiscal Policies And Inflation
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Book Synopsis Central Banks Quasi-Fiscal Policies and Inflation by : Mr.Seok Gil Park
Download or read book Central Banks Quasi-Fiscal Policies and Inflation written by Mr.Seok Gil Park and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although central banks have recently taken unconventional policy actions to try to shore up macroeconomic and financial stability, little theory is available to assess the consequences of such measures. This paper offers a theoretical model with which such policies can be analyzed. In particular, the paper shows that in the absence of the fiscal authorities' full backing of the central bank's balance sheet, strange things can happen. For instance, an exit from quantitative easing could be inflationary and central banks cannot successfully unwind inflated balance sheets. Therefore, the fiscal authorities' full backing of the monetary authorities' quasi-fiscal operations is a pre-condition for effective monetary policy.
Book Synopsis Quasi-Fiscal Operations of Public Financial Institutions by : Mr.George A. Mackenzie
Download or read book Quasi-Fiscal Operations of Public Financial Institutions written by Mr.George A. Mackenzie and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1996-10-24 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central banks and other public financial institutions act as agents of fiscal policy in many countries. Their "quasi-fiscal" operations and activities can affect the overall public sector balance without affecting the budget deficit as conventionally measured, may also have important allocative effects, and increase the effective size of the public sector. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic and financial effects of such quasi-fiscal activities, as well as the taxes, subsidies, and other expenditures that such activities introduce outside the budget. Measurement and accounting issues are addressed, and policy recommendations are offered.
Book Synopsis Inflation, Fiscal Policy and Central Banks by : Leo N. Bartolotti
Download or read book Inflation, Fiscal Policy and Central Banks written by Leo N. Bartolotti and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2006 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together new research on three areas of ongoing interest in the area of international finance such as: Inflation, Fiscal Policy and Central Policy. Several of the papers deal with the G-8 countries.
Book Synopsis Central Bank Financial Strength, Policy Constraints and Inflation by : Peter Stella
Download or read book Central Bank Financial Strength, Policy Constraints and Inflation written by Peter Stella and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2008-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central bank financial strength is positively associated with good policy performance. Financially weak central banks generate losses which undermine macroeconomic stability and call into question the credibility of their policies. In assessing central bank financial strength a careful examination of the policy regime and the volatility of the economic environment is necessary. Conventional measures of private enterprise financial strength- profitability and capital-can be very misleading when applied to central banks. The way in which a central bank balance sheet is strengthened matters. Providing the central bank with marketable government debt that can be used to develop a money market that in turn may become the locus of central bank monetary operations serves both to directly strengthen the institution and improve the quality of the environment in which it operates, thereby facilitating the attainment of its ultimate performance objectives.
Book Synopsis Quasi-fiscal Operations of Central Banks in Transition Economies by : Malgorzata Markiewicz
Download or read book Quasi-fiscal Operations of Central Banks in Transition Economies written by Malgorzata Markiewicz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews issues associated with quasi-fiscal operations (QFO) of central banks in a sample of countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The concern is the problem of transparency in fiscal and monetary accounts when the central bank undertakes quasi-fiscal operations and the government falls short of providing full coverage of fiscal operations. QFO can also jeopardize monetary policy designed to maintain price stability. A simple framework is developed to estimate the extent of QFO. In some cases, the magnitude of QFO is significant in indicating underestimation of fiscal deficit figures. We claim that the lack of transparency in fiscal accounts of transition countries warrants serious concern.
Book Synopsis Central Bank Quasi-Fiscal Losses and High Inflation in Zimbabwe by : Sònia Muñoz
Download or read book Central Bank Quasi-Fiscal Losses and High Inflation in Zimbabwe written by Sònia Muñoz and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-04 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zimbabwe's failure to address continuing central bank quasi-fiscal losses has interfered with both monetary management and the independence and credibility of the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ). Realized quasi-fiscal losses are estimated to have amounted to about 75 percent of GDP in 2006. Because they were financed by creating money creation or issuing RBZ securities, they contributed to the four-digit inflation reached in 2006. The remedy for the current situation is clearly to eliminate the causes of losses by implementing measures to improve the cash-flow of the bank and restore its financial position.
Book Synopsis Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book Coordination of Monetary and Fiscal Policies written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-03-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, monetary authorities have increasingly focused on implementing policies to ensure price stability and strengthen central bank independence. Simultaneously, in the fiscal area, market development has allowed public debt managers to focus more on cost minimization. This “divorce” of monetary and debt management functions in no way lessens the need for effective coordination of monetary and fiscal policy if overall economic performance is to be optimized and maintained in the long term. This paper analyzes these issues based on a review of the relevant literature and of country experiences from an institutional and operational perspective.
Book Synopsis Central Bank Financial Strength, Transparency, and Policy Credibility by : Peter Stella
Download or read book Central Bank Financial Strength, Transparency, and Policy Credibility written by Peter Stella and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-08 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central bank is financially strong if it possesses resources sufficient to attain its fundamental policy objective(s). Once endowed with those resources, relations between government and central bank should be designed so that significant changes in central bank financial strength do not occur unless necessitated by changes in policy objectives. The level of strength required depends on the array of policy objectives (for example, the exchange rate regime) as well as the constraints and risks presented by the operational environment. Attaining credibility is facilitated if the public can easily determine the financial strength of the bank, yet for a variety of reasons this is often difficult. Transparency requires institutional arrangements that ensure the central bank generates profit in most states of the world, is subject to strict ex post independent audit, and transfers regularly all profits, after provisions, to the treasury.
Book Synopsis Do Central Banks Need Capital? by : Mr.Peter Stella
Download or read book Do Central Banks Need Capital? written by Mr.Peter Stella and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-07-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central banks may operate perfectly well without capital as conventionally defined. A large negative net worth, however, is likely to compromise central bank independence and interfere with its ability to attain policy objectives. If society values an independent central bank capable of effectively implementing monetary policy, recapitalization may become essential. Proper accounting practice in determining central bank profit or loss and rules governing the transfer of the central bank’s operating result to the treasury are also important. A variety of country-specific central bank practices are reviewed to support the argument.
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy and Public Finances by : Mr.Christian H. Beddies
Download or read book Monetary Policy and Public Finances written by Mr.Christian H. Beddies and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers the interaction between the private sector, the monetary authority, and the fiscal authority, and concludes that unrestricted central bank independence may not be an optimal way to collect seigniorage revenues or stabilize supply shocks. Moreover, the paper shows that the implementation of an optimal inflation target results in optimal shares of government finances—seigniorage, taxes, and the spending shortfall—from society’s point of view but still involves suboptimal stabilization. Even if price stability is the sole central bank objective, a positive inflation target has important implications for the government’s finances, as well as for stabilization.
Book Synopsis Monetary Policy Strategy by : Frederic S. Mishkin
Download or read book Monetary Policy Strategy written by Frederic S. Mishkin and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2009-08-21 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading academic authority and policymaker discusses monetary policy strategy from the perspectives of both scholar and practitioner, offering theory, econometric evidence, and extensive case studies. This book by a leading authority on monetary policy offers a unique view of the subject from the perspectives of both scholar and practitioner. Frederic Mishkin is not only an academic expert in the field but also a high-level policymaker. He is especially well positioned to discuss the changes in the conduct of monetary policy in recent years, in particular the turn to inflation targeting. Monetary Policy Strategy describes his work over the last ten years, offering published papers, new introductory material, and a summing up, “Everything You Wanted to Know about Monetary Policy Strategy, But Were Afraid to Ask,” which reflects on what we have learned about monetary policy over the last thirty years. Mishkin blends theory, econometric evidence, and extensive case studies of monetary policy in advanced and emerging market and transition economies. Throughout, his focus is on these key areas: the importance of price stability and a nominal anchor; fiscal and financial preconditions for achieving price stability; central bank independence as an additional precondition; central bank accountability; the rationale for inflation targeting; the optimal inflation target; central bank transparency and communication; and the role of asset prices in monetary policy.
Book Synopsis Beyond Inflation Targeting by : Gerald A. Epstein
Download or read book Beyond Inflation Targeting written by Gerald A. Epstein and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflation targeting (IT) has become the sacred cow of central banking. But its suitability to developing nations remains contested. The contributors to this volume perform the valuable service of sketching out plausible, more development-friendly alternatives. They are to be commended in particular for avoiding a one-size-fits-all approach and paying close attention to the needs of specific countries. Their proposals range from relatively minor tinkering in IT to comprehensive overhaul. A common theme is the central role of the real exchange rate, which the central banks ignore at their economies peril. Dani Rodrik, Harvard University, US As the world economy is devastated by a virulent financial crisis and jobs are lost in scores, central bankers are increasingly questioned as to why they have failed to sustain stability and growth even though they told us all along that conquering inflation would be necessary and sufficient to do so while hoping to get a pat on the back for achieving a degree of price stability unprecedented in recent times. This book provides a lot of food for thought on why. It is a powerful critique of the orthodox obsession with inflation in neglect of the two deepseated problems of the unbridled market economy financial instability and unemployment. It is a must for all policy makers, notably in the developing world, and for the mainstream. Yilmaz Akyuz, formerly of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Geneva, Switzerland This collective volume makes a compelling case for balancing the developmental and stabilization functions of central banks. In particular, the authors emphasize that, as practiced in many successful developing countries, competitive real exchange rates can be good for growth and employment generation, and should thus be a specific focus of central bank actions. The book is a must read for those looking for a more balanced framework for central bank policies. José Antonio Ocampo, Columbia University, US and former Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations for Economic and Social Affairs and Finance Minister of Colombia This book, written by an international team of economists, develops concrete, country specific alternatives to inflation targeting, the dominant policy framework of central bank policy that focuses on keeping inflation in the low single digits to the virtual exclusion of other key goals such as employment creation, poverty reduction and sustainable development. The book includes thematic chapters, including analyses of class attitudes toward inflation and unemployment and the gender impacts of restrictive monetary policy. Other chapters propose improved monetary frameworks for Argentina, Brazil, India, Mexico, the Philippines, South Africa, Turkey, and Vietnam. Policy frameworks that are explored include employment targeting, and targeting a stable and competitive real exchange rate. The authors also show that to reach a larger number of targets, including higher employment and stable inflation, central banks must use a larger number of instruments, including capital management techniques. This volume offers concrete, socially valuable alternatives that economists, policy makers, students and interested laypeople should consider before adopting one size fits all, often inadequate, policies that have become a virtual policy making fad.
Book Synopsis Fiscal and Quasi-fiscal Deficits, Nominal and Real by : Roberto Rezende Rocha
Download or read book Fiscal and Quasi-fiscal Deficits, Nominal and Real written by Roberto Rezende Rocha and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Small Should an Economy's Fiscal Deficit Be? by : Paul Ely Beckerman
Download or read book How Small Should an Economy's Fiscal Deficit Be? written by Paul Ely Beckerman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A spreadsheet planning model to help determine the government deficit consistent with a specified vector of country macroeconomic objectives.
Book Synopsis Credibility of Central Bank Independence Revisited by : Mr.Timo Valila
Download or read book Credibility of Central Bank Independence Revisited written by Mr.Timo Valila and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The specific role of central bank independence in determining the overall credibility of monetary policy is addressed in this paper. It is argued that the credibility of delegating monetary policy to an independent central bank is endogenous to the credibility of the inflation target because a “conservative” inflation target may not be compatible with the fiscal policy stance. Also, lack of transparency in designing the institutional set-up is shown to be welfare-reducing.
Book Synopsis Can Fiscal Consolidation Help Central Banks Fight Inflation? by : Mr. Jiaqian Chen
Download or read book Can Fiscal Consolidation Help Central Banks Fight Inflation? written by Mr. Jiaqian Chen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-12-15 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper argues case that a tighter fiscal policy stance can meaningfully support central banks in fighting inflation in both advanced and emerging market economies. While the standard textbook result suggest that monetary policy is much more effective than fiscal policy in battling inflation in open economies due to the exchange rate channel, we show that a tighter fiscal stance is notably more effective in the current situation. This is so because when many countries currently need to tighten the policy stance simultaneously, the exchange rate channel does not provide monetary policy with an edge over fiscal policy. We also show that fiscal consolidation can be helpful in small open emerging markets and developing economies by reaffirming their commitment to price stability, and by putting the fiscal house in order which reduces risk premiums and strengthens the currency. Furthermore, we show that spillovers from major economies can be more adverse from tighter monetary policy. By applying a two-agent New Keynesian modeling framework with unconstrained and hand-to-mouth households, we show that any adverse effects of tighter fiscal policy (relative to tighter monetary policy) on consumption inequality can be handled with a combination of general spending cuts and targeted transfers to vulnerable households.
Book Synopsis Central Bank Independence and the Conduct of Monetary Policy in the United Kingdom by : Mr.Jan Kees Martijn
Download or read book Central Bank Independence and the Conduct of Monetary Policy in the United Kingdom written by Mr.Jan Kees Martijn and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1999-12-01 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.K. monetary policy framework, which combines inflation targeting with operational independence, provides a suitable arrangement for focused and credible monetary policy. However, potential weaknesses could result from features that have not yet been fully tested: the credibility and transparency of the inflation forecasts, which form the core of policy decisions, have diminished as a result of independence; and the framework could encourage excessive activism and frequent changes in interest rates. Although policy coordination could also suffer from independence, the new partly rules-based fiscal and monetary regimes will promote overall macroeconomic stability.
