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Cellular Proteolytic Systems
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Book Synopsis Cellular Proteolytic Systems by : Aaron J. Ciechanover
Download or read book Cellular Proteolytic Systems written by Aaron J. Ciechanover and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1994-11-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of cellular proteolysis is advancing rapidly and has great potential impact in a variety of research and clinical areas, including AIDS and cancer research and treatment. The editors, pioneers in the field of cellular and protein research, describe our current understanding of the three major cellular proteolytic systems: the ubiquitin system, the lysosomal and vacuolar systems, and physiological and pathophysiological cellular proteolysis.
Book Synopsis Intracellular Protein Degradation by : A.J. Rivett
Download or read book Intracellular Protein Degradation written by A.J. Rivett and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 1998-08-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together a set of reviews that provide a summary of our current knowledge of the proteolytic machinery and of the pathways of protein breakdown of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Intracellular protein degradation is much more than just a mechanism for the removal of incorrectly folded or damaged proteins. Since many short-lived proteins have important regulatory functions, proteolysis makes a significant contribution to many cellular processes including cell cycle regulation and transciptional control. In addition, limited proteolytic cleavage can provide a rapid and efficient mechanism of enzyme activation or inactivation in eukaryotic cells. In the first chapter, Maurizi provides an introduction to intracellular protein degradation, describes the structure and functions of bacterial ATP-dependent proteases, and explores the relationship between chaperone functions and protein degradation. Many of the principles also apply to eukaryotic cells, although the proteases involved are often not the same. Interestingly, homologues of one of the bacterial proteases, Ion protease, have been found in mitochondria in yeast and mammals, and homologues of proteasomes, which are found in all eukaryotic cells (see below), have been discovered in some eubacteria. Studies of proteolysis in yeast have contributed greatly to the elucidation of both lysosomal (vacuolar) and nonlysosomal proteolytic pathways in eukaryotic cells. Thumm and Wolf (chapter 2) describe studies that have elucidated the functions of proteasomes in nonlysosomal proteolysis and the contributions of lysosomal proteases to intracellular protein breakdown. Proteins can be selected for degradation by a variety of differen mechanisms. The ubiquitin system is one complex and highly regulated mechanism by which eukaryotic proteins are targetted for degradation by proteosomes. In chapter 3, Wilkinson reviews the components and functions of the ubiquitin system and considers some of the known substrates for this pathway which include cell cycle and transcriptional regulators. The structure and functions of proteosomes and their regulatory components are described in the two subsequent chapters by Tanaka and Tanahashi and by Dubiel and Rechsteiner. Proteasomes were the first known example of threonine proteases. They are multisubunit complexes that, in addition to being responsible for the turnover of most short-lived nuclear and cytoplasmic protein, are also involved in antigen processing for presentation by the MHC class I pathway. Recent studies reviewed by McCracken and colleagues (chapter 6) lead to the exciting conclusion that some ER-associated proteins are degraded by cytosolic proteasomes. Lysosomes are responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins and for the enhanced protein degradation observed under starvation conditions. In chapter 7 Knecht and colleagues review the lysosomal proteases and describe studies of the roles of lysosomes and the mechanisms for protein uptake into lysosomes. Methods of measuring the relative contribution of different proteolytic systems (e.g., ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, calcium-dependent proteases, lysosomes) to muscle protein degradation, and the conclusions from such studies, are reviewed by Attai and Taillinder in the following chapter. Finally, proteases play an important role in signaling apoptosis by catalyzing the limited cleavage of enzymes. Mason and Beyette review the role of the major players, caspases, which are both activated by and catalyze limite proteolysis, and also consider the involvement of other protoelytic enzymes in this pathway leading cell death.
Book Synopsis Proteostasis and Proteolysis by : Niki Chondrogianni
Download or read book Proteostasis and Proteolysis written by Niki Chondrogianni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteostasis integrates biological pathways controlling biogenesis, trafficking, folding, and degradation of proteins. This book focuses on two protein breakdown/degradation processes (proteolysis), which are part of a normally functioning proteostatic system: the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Book Synopsis The Ubiquitin-proteasome Proteolytic System by : Aaron J. Ciechanover
Download or read book The Ubiquitin-proteasome Proteolytic System written by Aaron J. Ciechanover and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2002 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent proteolysis is central to an incredible multitude of processes in all eukaryotes, including the cell cycle, cell growth and differentiation, embryogenesis, apoptosis, signal transduction, DNA repair, regulation of transcription and DNA replication, transmembrane transport, endocytosis, stress responses, antigen presentation and other aspects of the immune response, the functions of the nervous system including circadian rhythms, axon guidance and acquisition of memory.This book tells the story of the ubiquitin system as we currently know it: from the regulation of basic cellular processes to quality control and the pathogenetic mechanisms of disease, from X-ray crystallography of the 26S proteasome to the interaction between substrates and their ligases, to the development of mechanism-based drugs, and to target-specific aberrant processes.
Book Synopsis Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunction by : Naranjan S. Dhalla
Download or read book Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunction written by Naranjan S. Dhalla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well known that proteases are found everywhere, in viruses and bacteria as well as in all human, animal and plant cells, and play a role in a variety of biological functions ranging from digestion, fertilization, development to senescence and death. Under physiological conditions the ability of proteases is regulated by endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result, as seen in Alzheimer’s disease, cancer metastasis and tumor progression, inflammation and atherosclerosis. Thus it is evident that there is an absolute need for a tighter control of proteolytic activities in different cells and tissues. Aimed at graduate students and researchers with an interest in cellular proteolytic events, Role of Proteases in Cellular Dysfunctions is the second book on Proteases in this series. The book consists of three parts in specified topics based on current literatures for a better understanding for the readers with respect to their subject-wise interests. The first section of this book covers a brief idea about the neuronal disorders and the involvement of proteases such as calpains, caspases and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The second section covers the deadly disease cancer and its relation to ubiquitin-proteasome system, MMPs and serine proteases. The last section is about the role of proteases such as calpains, MMPs and serine protease as well as urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in causing cardiovascular defects.
Book Synopsis Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases by : Sajal Chakraborti
Download or read book Pathophysiological Aspects of Proteases written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-15 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of protease in the cellular environment and focuses on the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in physiology and pathophysiology. Given the breadth and depth of information covered in the respective contributions, the book will be immensely useful for researchers working to identify targets for drug development. Multidisciplinary in scope, the book bridges the gap between fundamental and translational research, with applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical industry, making it a thought-provoking read for basic and applied scientists engaged in biomedical research. Proteases represent one of the largest and most diverse families of enzymes known, and we now know that they are involved in every aspect of a given organism’s life functions. Under physiological conditions, proteases are regulated by their endogenous inhibitors. However, when the activity of proteases is not correctly regulated, disease processes such as tumour progression, vascular remodelling, atherosclerotic plaque progression, ulcer, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease and inflammation can result. Many infective microorganisms require proteases for replication or use them as virulence factors, which has facilitated the development of protease-targeted therapies for a variety of parasitic diseases.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proteases in Health and Disease by : Sajal Chakraborti
Download or read book Proteases in Health and Disease written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of rapidly growing research in the deregulation of proteases and their impact in human health and diseases, this book will highlight existing and emerging research in this exciting area. In-depth critical state-of-the-art reviews will be written by established investigators on proteases dysfunctions associated with pathogenesis of different diseases that are known to occur due to deregulation of proteolytic systems. Multidisciplinary approaches demonstrating biochemical and signal transduction mechanisms associated with deregulation of proteases leading to manifestation of the diseases will be discussed. The book highlights the roles of both intracellular and extracellular proteases in health and disease.
Book Synopsis Plant Proteases by : Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza
Download or read book Plant Proteases written by Mercedes Diaz-Mendoza and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-24 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant proteases are involved in most aspects of plant physiology and development, playing key roles in the generation of signaling molecules and as regulators of essential cellular processes such as cell division and metabolism. They take part in important pathways like protein turnover by the degradation of misfolded proteins and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, and they are responsible for post-translational modifications of proteins by proteolysis at highly specific sites. Proteases are also implicated in a great variety of environmentally controlled processes, including mobilization of storage proteins during seed germination, development of seedlings, senescence, programmed cell death and defense mechanisms against pests and pathogens. However, in spite of their importance, little is known about the functions and mode of actions of specific plant proteases. This Research Topic collects contributions covering diverse aspects of plant proteases research.
Book Synopsis The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System by : R. John Mayer
Download or read book The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System written by R. John Mayer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-25 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume in a new series dedicated to protein degradation, this book discusses the mechanism and cellular functions of targeted protein breakdown via the ubiquitin pathway. Drawing on the combined knowledge of the world's leading protein degradation experts, this handy reference compiles information on the proteasome-mediated degradation steps of the ubiquitin pathway. In addition to proteasomal function and regulation, it also presents the latest results on novel members of the ubiquitin superfamily and their role in cellular regulation. Further volumes in the series cover the function of ubiquitin-protein ligases, and the roles of the ubiquitin pathway in regulating key cellular processes, as well as its pathophysiological disease states. Required reading for molecular biologists, cell biologists and physiologists with an interest in protein degradation.
Book Synopsis The Proteasome — Ubiquitin Protein Degradation Pathway by : Peter Zwickl
Download or read book The Proteasome — Ubiquitin Protein Degradation Pathway written by Peter Zwickl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gives an overview of pro tea some-mediated protein degradation and the regulatory role of the ubiquitin system in cellular proteolysis. The first chapter describes the molecular evolution of the proteasome and its associated activators, i. e. , the 20S core, the base and the lid of the 19S cap, and the 11 S regulator. The ensuing chapter gives an overview of the structure and assembly of the 20S proteasome and the regulation of the archaeal proteasome by PAN. The third contribution summarizes our knowledge on the eukaryotic 26S proteasome and its regulation by the 19S regu lator, followed by a chapter devoted to the llS regulator, which elucidates the structural basis for the 11 S-mediated activation of the 20S proteasome. The fifth chapter reviews in detail the role of the proteasome in the immune response. The subsequent chapter of the natural substrates of the gives a comprehensive description proteasome and their recognition by the enzymes of the ubiqui tination machinery. The penultimate chapter rounds up the in formation on intracellular distribution of proteasomes in yeast and mammalian cells, while the last contribution highlights proteasome inhibitors, tools which proved to be very valuable for dissecting the cellular roles of the proteasome and which might turn out to be of pharmacological importance.
Book Synopsis Proteases in Human Diseases by : Sajal Chakraborti
Download or read book Proteases in Human Diseases written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book bridges the gap between fundamental research and biomedical and pharmacological applications on proteases. It represents a comprehensive overview of the multifaceted field of proteases in cellular environment and highlights the recently elucidated functions of complex proteolytic systems in different diseases. Several established investigators have elucidated the crucial role of proteases in biological processes, including how proteolytic function and regulation can be combined to develop new strategies of therapeutic interventions. Proteases form one of the largest and most diverse families of enzymes known. It is now clear that proteases are involved in every aspect of life functions of an organism. Under physiological conditions, proteases are regulated by their endogenous inhibitors; however, when the activity of proteases is not regulated appropriately, disease processes can result in. So, there is absolute need for a stringent control of proteolytic activities in cells and tissues. Dysregulation of proteases may cause derangement of cellular signalling network resulting in different pathophysiological conditions such as vascular remodelling, atherosclerotic plaque progression, ulcer and rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer disease, cancer metastasis, tumor progression and inflammation. Additionally, many infective microorganisms require proteases for replication or use proteases as virulence factors, which have facilitated the development of protease-targeted therapies for a variety of parasitic diseases.
Book Synopsis Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms by : David A. Dougan
Download or read book Regulated Proteolysis in Microorganisms written by David A. Dougan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains an extensive collection of critical reviews, from leading researchers in the field of regulated protein degradation. It covers the role of regulated proteolysis in a range of microorganisms (from Gram positive, Gram negative and pathogenic bacteria to Archaea and the Baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
Book Synopsis Macromolecular Protein Complexes III: Structure and Function by : J. Robin Harris
Download or read book Macromolecular Protein Complexes III: Structure and Function written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers important topics such as the dynamic structure and function of the 26S proteasome, the DNA replication machine: structure and dynamic function and the structural organization and protein–protein interactions in the human adenovirus capsid, to mention but a few. The 18 chapters included here, written by experts in their specific field, are at the forefront of scientific knowledge. The impressive integration of structural data from X-ray crystallography with that from cryo-electron microscopy is apparent throughout the book. In addition, functional aspects are also given a high priority. Chapter 1 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Selective Proteolysis in Cancer by : Pai-Sheng Chen
Download or read book Regulation of Selective Proteolysis in Cancer written by Pai-Sheng Chen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteins are the fundamental building blocks of cells for diverse cellular and physiological functions. The dynamic equilibrium of protein turnover is balanced by protein synthesis and proteolysis. The newly synthesized proteins undergo proper folding into the three-dimensional conformations for executing biological functions and constructing cellular components like organelles. On the other hand, ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and lysosome are two major proteolytic systems by which the unneeded, misfolded, or damaged proteins are selectively sent for clearance to maintain the quality and quantity of cellular proteins. Loss of the ability to maintain cellular proteolysis in control has been known to contribute as disease-causing factors. In this chapter, the function, regulation, and pathological roles of dysregulated proteolysis will be described in a concise view, focusing on the link between cancer and UPS.
Book Synopsis The Proteasomal System in Aging and Disease by : Tilman Grune
Download or read book The Proteasomal System in Aging and Disease written by Tilman Grune and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science discusses cutting-edge research of proteasomes and proteasome-associated proteins and cellular systems. The volume is split into two sections. The first part discusses the current knowledge of the structure, function, and regulation of the proteasomal system. The second part describes the role of the proteasome in aging and disease. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Book Synopsis Proteases in Apoptosis: Pathways, Protocols and Translational Advances by : Kakoli Bose
Download or read book Proteases in Apoptosis: Pathways, Protocols and Translational Advances written by Kakoli Bose and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-06 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the proteases involved in programmed cell death. It presents a focused yet extensive discussion on proteolytic enzymes such as caspases, HtrAs, granzymes, calpains and cathepsins as well as laboratory protocols related to enzymology and apoptosis. Mouse model systems and non-invasive imaging techniques in apoptosis-related diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration are also covered in this book. While slowly unravelling the complexities of apoptosis in chapter one, the next three chapters individually elaborate on different classes of proteases that play key roles in the initiation, progression and execution of programmed cell death. The last two chapters complete this discussion by describing different laboratory methodologies and therapeutic advances involving apoptotic proteases. Protocols portraying in vitro and ex vivo colorimetric and fluorescence-based enzyme kinetic studies as well as cell death assays are explained in the fifth chapter. Preclinical in vivo models and non-invasive imaging in apoptosis to understand the complexities of disease progression and their contribution toward therapeutics is recounted in the last chapter. The book spans topics related to both fundamental and applied biology. It would therefore be equally appealing and informative to scientists working in the field of apoptosis and those who are investigating mechanisms of proteases and enzymes in general. The protocols would certainly benefit both graduate and undergraduate students working in the related fields and provide useful leads for drug design to translational biologists involved in neurodegeneration and cancer research.
