Catalytic Multi Stage Liquefaction Cmsl

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Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction (CMSL).

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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction (CMSL). by :

Download or read book Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction (CMSL). written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reported herein are the details and the results of laboratory and bench scale experiments that were conducted at Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-93PC92147 during the period of October 1, 1992, to December 31, 1995. The program results described herein build on the previous technology base and investigating additional methods to improve the economics of producing transportation fuels from coal. This included purely physical parameters, coal treatment and variation in solvent to coal ratio, the use of syngas to replace part of the hydrogen as the reducing gas, the use of dispersed catalyst in addition to and replacing the supported catalyst, and the co-processing of coal with plastic waste material. The overall objective of this program is to produce liquid fuels from direct coal liquefaction at a cost that is competitive with conventional fuels. The report includes the results of an economic assessment of the various process strategies that were evaluated during this program. A summary of the technical/economic evaluations is given in Volume I, Section II of this report. The experimental details of the eleven run of the program are given in Volume I, Section III and Volume II of this report. The details of the technical evaluations are given in the Volume III of the report.

Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction (CMSL). Final Report

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Download or read book Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction (CMSL). Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 17-day bench run CMSL-6 (227-83), on Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal and with an approximate space velocity of 481 kg/hr/m[sup 3] (30 lb/hr/ft[sup 3]), tested the performance of a dispersed slurry catalyst in powdered form added to the first stage thermal reactor. This catalyst, based on molybdenum-containing sulfated iron oxide prepared at HTI, had about 15% moisture, 43% Fe and 7% Mo with a BET surface area of about 40 m[sup 2]/g. The second stage reactor had a partially deactivated Shell S-317 catalyst (initial age=520 kg-coal/kg-catalyst) to make the effects of the slurry catalyst more apparent and to attain a realistic equilibrium catalyst age sooner. An in-line hydrotreater was successfully employed during this run to treat atmospheric still overhead and separator overhead products. No interstage product separator was utilized in this run. For the first run condition, the catalyst additive rate was 1400-4300 ppm (of coal) Fe with 200-700 ppm Mo using a slurrying oil recycle consisting of 60% of filtered product slurry and 40% of ashy recycle (unfiltered product slurry) at a relatively low severity with first and second stage temperatures of 427[degrees]C and 413[degrees]C (800[degrees]F and 775[degrees]F), respectively. After that the additive rate was lowered to 700 ppm Fe with 100 ppm of Mo and the severity was increased with first and second stage temperatures of 441[degrees]C and 427[degrees]C (825[degrees]F and 800[degrees]F) respectively. The proportion of ashy recycle was maintained at 40% in Condition 2, and it was lowered to 25% in Condition 3. In Condition 4, the proportion of ashy recycle was set at 50%, but, because of slowing of the product slurry filtration, vacuum distillate recycle (and makeup oil) was substituted for the filtered liquid constituent of the recycled oil. With the changes of the proportion of ashy recycle the total slurry catalyst in the system (added and recycled) ranged from 860 to 6345 ppm Fe with 140 to 1030 ppm Mo.

Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction of Coal

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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (88 download)

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Download or read book Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction of Coal. Tenth Quarterly Report, January 1--March 31, 1995

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction of Coal. Tenth Quarterly Report, January 1--March 31, 1995 by :

Download or read book Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction of Coal. Tenth Quarterly Report, January 1--March 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this program is to produce liquid fuels from coal by direct liquefaction at a cost that is competitive with conventional fuels. Specifically, this continuous bench-scale program contains provisions to examine new ideas in areas such as: low temperature pretreatments, more effective catalysts, on-line hydrotreating, new coal feedstocks, other hydrogen sources, more concentrated coal feeds and other highly responsive process improvements while assessing the design and economics of the bench-scale results. This report describes the following: (1) laboratory support for bench run CMSL-09, (2) the laboratory-scale efforts for development of suitable catalysts for hydrocracking/depolymerization of waste plastics, (3) analysis of TBP (true boiling point) fractions of distillates from CMSL-08, and (4) objectives and run-plan for bench run CMSL-09.

Coal-to-Liquids (CtL): Driving Forces and Barriers – Synergies and Conflicts from an Energy and Climate Policy Perspective

Author : Daniel Vallentin
Publisher : ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press
ISBN 13 : 383825998X
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (382 download)

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Book Synopsis Coal-to-Liquids (CtL): Driving Forces and Barriers – Synergies and Conflicts from an Energy and Climate Policy Perspective by : Daniel Vallentin

Download or read book Coal-to-Liquids (CtL): Driving Forces and Barriers – Synergies and Conflicts from an Energy and Climate Policy Perspective written by Daniel Vallentin and published by ibidem-Verlag / ibidem Press. This book was released on 2012-07-24 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several countries with large coal deposits but limited domestic oil reserves show high interest in coal-to-liquid (CtL) technologies, which could reduce crude oil imports by converting coal into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. After decades of successful large-scale operating experiences in South Africa, CtL activities in the United States, China and Germany have been fanned by the high oil price in the last years.However, CtL indicates negative techno-economic and resource-related features, such as high capital costs, high greenhouse gas discharges and high water consumption. Therefore, the technology’s diffusion strongly depends on a favourable framework of policies and strong technology advocates. Daniel Vallentin analyses interdependencies between technical and non-technical parameters affecting the diffusion of CtL technologies in the United States, China and Germany. Applying the inter-disciplinary technological system approach, he identifies factors which determine the market prospects of CtL in these countries, including costs, the geographic distribution of coal reserves, actor constellations and technology, energy and climate policies. At the end of his study, he derives general conclusions with regard to driving forces and barriers for CtL diffusion. As the investigated countries are major consumers of energy and belong to the world’s largest emitters of greenhouse gases, their strategies in substituting crude oil based fuels are of utmost global relevance. Therefore, Vallentin's study is recommended to experts, planners, decision-makers, and politicians in the field of climate and resource protection.

Clean Coal Technologies for Power Generation

Author : P. Jayarama Reddy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1138000205
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Clean Coal Technologies for Power Generation by : P. Jayarama Reddy

Download or read book Clean Coal Technologies for Power Generation written by P. Jayarama Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses clean coal technology (CCT), the latest generation of coal technology that controls pollutants and performs with improved generating efficiency. CCT involves processes that effectively control emissions and result in highly efficient combustion without significantly contributing to global warming. Basic principles, operational aspects, current status, on-going developments and future directions are covered. The recent concept of viewing carbon dioxide as a commodity, and implementing CCUS (carbon capture, utilization and storage) instead of CCS for deriving several benefits is also discussed, as is the implementation of CCT in countries with large coal reserves and that utilize large quantities of coal for their energy supply. These countries are also the foremost CO2 emitters globally and their energy policies are crucial to international efforts to combat global warming. This work will be beneficial for students and professionals in the fields of fuel, mechanical, chemical and environmental engineering and Clean Tech. Includes foreword by Professor Yiannis Levendis, College of Engineering Distinguished Professor, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

Catalytic Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Process Having Improved Nitrogen Removal

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Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Process Having Improved Nitrogen Removal by :

Download or read book Catalytic Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Process Having Improved Nitrogen Removal written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A process for catalytic multi-stage hydrogenation and liquefaction of coal to produce high yields of low-boiling hydrocarbon liquids containing low concentrations of nitogen compounds. First stage catalytic reaction conditions are 700.degree.-800.degree. F. temperature, 1500-3500 psig hydrogen partial pressure, with the space velocity maintained in a critical range of 10-40 lb coal/hr ft.sup. 3 catalyst settled volume. The first stage catalyst has 0.3-1.2 cc/gm total pore volume with at least 25% of the pore volume in pores having diameters of 200-2000 Angstroms. Second stage reaction conditions are 760.degree.-870.degree. F. temperature with space velocity exceeding that in the first stage reactor, so as to achieve increased hydrogenation yield of low-boiling hydrocarbon liquid products having at least 75% removal of nitrogen compounds from the coal-derived liquid products.

Close-coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process Bench Studies

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (886 download)

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Book Synopsis Close-coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process Bench Studies by :

Download or read book Close-coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process Bench Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment, Final Topical Report

Download Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment, Final Topical Report PDF Online Free

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment, Final Topical Report by :

Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSLtrademark) Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment, Final Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies with Bituminous Coal

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Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies with Bituminous Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Integrated Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Steady-state Performance

Author : Catalytic, Inc
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Steady-state Performance by : Catalytic, Inc

Download or read book Integrated Two-stage Coal Liquefaction Steady-state Performance written by Catalytic, Inc and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal

Author : A.G. Comolli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal by : A.G. Comolli

Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal written by A.G. Comolli and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Two-stage, Close Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. [Catalysts

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Two-stage, Close Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. [Catalysts by :

Download or read book Two-stage, Close Coupled Catalytic Liquefaction of Coal. [Catalysts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall purpose of the program is to achieve higher yields of better quality transportation and turbine fuels and to lower the capital and production costs in order to make the products from direct coal liquefaction competitive with other fossil fuel products.

HRI Catalytic Two-stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Materials

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Total Pages : 0 pages
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Book Synopsis HRI Catalytic Two-stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Materials by :

Download or read book HRI Catalytic Two-stage Liquefaction (CTSL) Process Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal. Final Report

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 622 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal. Final Report by :

Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-up with Sub-bituminous Coal. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reported are the details and results of Laboratory and Bench-Scale experiments using sub-bituminous coal conducted at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., under DOE Contract No. DE-AC22-88PC88818 during the period October 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992. The work described is primarily concerned with testing of the baseline Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) process with comparisons with other two stage process configurations, catalyst evaluations and unit operations such as solid separation, pretreatments, on-line hydrotreating, and an examination of new concepts. In the overall program, three coals were evaluated, bituminous Illinois No. 6, Burning Star and sub-bituminous Wyoming Black Thunder and New Mexico McKinley Mine seams. The results from a total of 16 bench-scale runs are reported and analyzed in detail. The runs (experiments) concern process variables, variable reactor volumes, catalysts (both supported, dispersed and rejuvenated), coal cleaned by agglomeration, hot slurry treatments, reactor sequence, on-line hydrotreating, dispersed catalyst with pretreatment reactors and CO2/coal effects. The tests involving the Wyoming and New Mexico Coals are reported herein, and the tests involving the Illinois coal are described in Topical Report No. 2. On a laboratory scale, microautoclave tests evaluating coal, start-up oils, catalysts, thermal treatment, CO2 addition and sulfur compound effects were conducted and reported in Topical Report No. 3. Other microautoclave tests are described in the Bench Run sections to which they refer such as: rejuvenated catalyst, coker liquids and cleaned coals. The microautoclave tests conducted for modelling the CTSL{trademark} process are described in the CTSL{trademark} Modelling section of Topical Report No. 3 under this contract.

Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--June 30, 1993].

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ISBN 13 :
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Book Synopsis Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--June 30, 1993]. by :

Download or read book Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process: Laboratory Scale Studies Modelling and Technical Assessment. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--June 30, 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reported herein are the details and results of Laboratory-Scale experiments using sub-bituminous and bituminous coal concluded at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc., under DOE Contract No. AC22-88PCB8818 during the period October 1, 1988 to June 30, 1993. The work described in this report is primarily concerned with tests on a Laboratory Scale primarily using microautoclaves. Experiments were conducted evaluating coal, solvents, start-up oils, catalysts, thermal treatments, C0[sub 2] addition and sulfur compound effects. Other microautoclave tests are included in the companion topical reports for this contract, DE-88818-TOP-01 & 02 on Sub-Bituminous and Bituminous Bench-Scale and PDU activities. In addition to the Laboratory Scale Studies, kinetic data and modelling results from Bench-Scale and Microautoclave tests are interpreted and presented along with some economic updates and sensitivity studies.

Close-coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process Bench Studies. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--July 31, 1993].

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)

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Book Synopsis Close-coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process Bench Studies. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--July 31, 1993]. by :

Download or read book Close-coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL[trademark] Process Bench Studies. Final Report, [October 1, 1988--July 31, 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the final report of a four year and ten month contract starting on October 1, 1988 to July 31, 1993 with the US Department of Energy to study and improve Close-Coupled Catalytic Two-Stage Direct Liquefaction of coal by producing high yields of distillate with improved quality at lower capital and production costs in comparison to existing technologies. Laboratory, Bench and PDU scale studies on sub-bituminous and bituminous coals are summarized and referenced in this volume. Details are presented in the three topical reports of this contract; CTSL Process Bench Studies and PDU Scale-Up with Sub-Bituminous Coal-DE-88818-TOP-1, CTSL Process Bench Studies with Bituminous Coal-DE-88818-TOP-2, and CTSL Process Laboratory Scale Studies, Modelling and Technical Assessment-DE-88818-TOP-3. Results are summarized on experiments and studies covering several process configurations, cleaned coals, solid separation methods, additives and catalysts both dispersed and supported. Laboratory microautoclave scale experiments, economic analysis and modelling studies are also included along with the PDU-Scale-Up of the CTSL processing of sub-bituminous Black Thunder Mine Wyoming coal. During this DOE/HRI effort, high distillate yields were maintained at higher throughput rates while quality was markedly improved using on-line hydrotreating and cleaned coals. Solid separations options of filtration and delayed coking were evaluated on a Bench-Scale with filtration successfully scaled to a PDU demonstration. Directions for future direct coal liquefaction related work are outlined herein based on the results from this and previous programs.