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Case Study Of The Innovation Process Characterizing The Development Of The Three Way Catalytic Converter System
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Book Synopsis Case Study of the Innovation Process Characterizing the Development of the Three-way Catalytic Converter System by : Daniel Dexter
Download or read book Case Study of the Innovation Process Characterizing the Development of the Three-way Catalytic Converter System written by Daniel Dexter and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Case Study of the Innovation Process Characterizing the Development of the Three-way Catalytic Converter System by : Daniel Dexter
Download or read book Case Study of the Innovation Process Characterizing the Development of the Three-way Catalytic Converter System written by Daniel Dexter and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The evolution of automotive technology by : Gijs Mom
Download or read book The evolution of automotive technology written by Gijs Mom and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2023-05-17 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of "understanding the present through its history" is based on two insights. First, it helps to know where a technology comes from: what were its predecessors, how did they evolve as a result of the continuous efforts to solve theoretical and practical problems, who were crucial in their emergence, and which cultural differences made them develop into divergent families of artifacts? Second, and closely related to the first insight, how does a certain technology or system fit into its societal context, its culture of mobility, its engineering culture, its culture of car driving, its alternatives, its opponents? Only thus, by studying its prehistory and its socio-cultural context, can we acquire a true 'grasp' of a technology. The Evolution of Automotive Technology: A Handbook, Second Edition covers one and a quarter century of the automobile, conceived as a cultural history of its technology, aimed at engineering students and all those who wish to have a concise introduction into the basics of automotive technology and its long-term development. (ISBN:9781468605976 ISBN:9781468605969 ISBN:9781468605983 DOI:10.4271/9781468605976) 2nd Edition.
Book Synopsis Selected Library Acquisitions by : United States. Department of Transportation
Download or read book Selected Library Acquisitions written by United States. Department of Transportation and published by . This book was released on with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SRIM Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Announcement of Highway Safety Literature by :
Download or read book Announcement of Highway Safety Literature written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automobile Catalytic Converters by : Kathleen C. Taylor
Download or read book Automobile Catalytic Converters written by Kathleen C. Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of catalytic converters for the purification of automotive exhaust gases is a relatively new technology which was brought into existence by social pressures for the preservation of acceptable environmental conditions. The majority of catalytic practitioners have been able to watch the growth of this technology from its inception to its current state of sophistication. Automotive catalytic converter technology is now in a mature state, and this chapter from Vol. 5 Catalysis: Science and Technology by Dr. K. C. Taylor provides a review which covers both the process chemistry and the most important converter design factors. Contents 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Emission Regulations in the United States. 3. Exhaust Emission Characteristics. . 3 4. 1981 Emission Control Technology. 5 A. Converters. . . 5 B. Control System. 7 8 ~. Catalyst Screening . 6. Laboratory Testing. .10 7. The Chemical Reactions 13 8. Composition of Three-Way Catalysts. 16 A. Rhodium 17 21 B. Platinum. C. Palladium 22 D. Iridium . 22 23 E. Ruthenium and Nickel. F. Cerium Oxide ..... 23 G. Search for Alternatives to Nohle Metals 24 9. Catalyst Supports . 25 A. Pellets .... 26 B. Monoliths . . 26 10. The Transient Behavior of Three-Way Catalysts 27 II. Deterioration of Three-Way Catalysts. 35 A. Thermal Effects. . . . 35 B. Phosphorus Poisoning. . . 37 C. Lead Poisoning. . . . . . · 38 D. Catalyst Poisoning by Sulfur · 40 12. The 0.4 NO,; Research Objective. · 41 13. Control of Diesel Particulate Emissions.
Book Synopsis Environmental Pollution & Control by :
Download or read book Environmental Pollution & Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters by : M. Sideris
Download or read book Methods for Monitoring and Diagnosing the Efficiency of Catalytic Converters written by M. Sideris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-06-19 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dramatic evolution of catalytic converters in the last thirty years was a result of a need worldwide to reduce pollution created by the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. Environmental concerns have led American, Japanese and European Union (EU) legislation to pose continuously stricter emission limits for petrol engines in the last decades. The catalytic converter has become the most important means of exhaust treatment to achieve the desired emission limits. The international legislation has also created a need for a regular assessment of the efficiency of the catalytic converter in order to detect a deterioration of its conversion efficiency as soon as this deterioration takes place. The assessment of conversion efficiency of a catalytic converter can take place during normal driving of a vehicle (on-board diagnosis or OBD) or in a workshop by specialized technicians. The most important methods nowadays are the OBD methods. The evolution of methods concerned with OBD and non-OBD monitoring and diagnosing of efficiency of catalytic converters of internal combustion engines is described based on patents and published patent applications. Non-patent references are also used. The basic principles of modern catalytic converters are described in an extensive Introduction, where the importance of monitoring and diagnosing the efficiency of catalytic converters is demonstrated. The book is divided into four parts. The first part describes methods involving the use of oxygen or air/fuel exhaust gas sensors to determine the oxygen storage capacity of a catalytic converter. The second part describes methods involving the use of temperature sensors to determine the exothermic reaction capacity of a catalytic converter. The third part describes all other methods existing in patent literature that monitor and diagnose the efficiency of catalytic converters. The great majority of the methods of the third part involves exhaust gas concentration measurements. The fourth part comprises a general discussion of all methods described. In the beginning of each part, a short introduction is given to explain the problem that the methods attempt to solve. The methods in each part are presented in chronological order per patent applicant. This helps to evaluate how the patent applicant has improved his methods over time. A patent number index with information about the patent applicants, inventors, priorities and patent-families, an inventor index, a company index and a subject index can be found at the end of the book.
Book Synopsis Innovation and Entrepreneurship in State and Local Government by : Michael Harris
Download or read book Innovation and Entrepreneurship in State and Local Government written by Michael Harris and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans today recognize and celebrate leadership genius in the management of private companies. At the same time, the American public remains deeply skeptical of government's ability to address real economic and social challenges. The contributors to this timely and important volume increase our understanding of the potential incentives for and barriers to creative problem-solving in the public sector. Drawing on case studies of state and local government, as well as theoretical literature on private sector management, these scholars reveal both the problems and the possibilities in governmental decision-making.
Book Synopsis The three-way catalytic converter by : The Open University
Download or read book The three-way catalytic converter written by The Open University and published by The Open University. This book was released on with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 12-hour free course looked at how the three-way catalytic converter works to reduce the release of primary pollutants, and why we need it.
Book Synopsis A Global Reaction Mechanism for Transient Simulations of Three-Way Catalytic Converters by : Raoul Holder
Download or read book A Global Reaction Mechanism for Transient Simulations of Three-Way Catalytic Converters written by Raoul Holder and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09-04 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The complex interactions between chemical kinetics and transport phenomena of mass, momentum and energy lead to incomplete fuel combustion, which is the origin of pollutant formation of internal combustion engines. Vehicle exhaust gas emission control devices have continuously been improved to meet the constantly tightened standards. Three-way catalyst technology is extensively used for the purification of automotive exhaust gases, usually in combination with monolithic (honeycomb) reactors. A promising alternative to the time consuming and costly engine and vehicle experiments are catalytic reactor model. In this work a global reaction mechanism for three-way catalysts is developed including 16 reactions and 12 gas phase species. The reaction mechanism is combined with an empirical oxygen storage model and validated against a number of different real engine experiments carried out on both fresh (not aged) and aged catalysts. Once the mechanism is validated against the fresh system, the adaption to the aged system is achieved solely by the reduction of the available reactive surface area of the washcoat, without tuning the individual reaction parameters. Finally the parameter set of the aged system is used to simulate a FTP75 drive cycle and the results are compared to experimental data of the same catalyst without further tuning. First a transient one-dimensional catalyst model is derived in chapter 2. First a short introduction to the structure of monolithic reactors is given, followed by the introduction of the governing equations for catalytically reacting flows. Chapter 3 focuses on the relevant transport processes inside the monolithic reactor channel and the adequacy of the transport models applied here. Local distributions of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers inside a monolith channel are resolved using a two-dimensional model. The cases of non-reacting and reacting conditions at the channel wall are discussed and subsequently compared to according a priori correlations. The subject of chapter 4 is the development and validation of the reaction mechanism. An advanced multi-objective optimization algorithm is used to calibrate the kinetic parameters of the presented reaction mechanism (comprising 16 reactions) to match the conversion behavior of a fresh catalyst. The simulation results are compared with experimental data at different operating conditions. In a second step the kinetic model is then used to simulate the conversion behavior of an aged catalyst. The adaption of the kinetic model is achieved only by the reduction of the available surface area. Again the computed conversion characteristics are compared to measured data. Finally an empirical oxygen storage model is included. In chapter 5 the catalyst model for the aged system is used to predict the tailpipe emissions during real drive cycle conditions. Finally a catalyst design parameter study is presented as a typical application of the model within the development process of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems.
Book Synopsis Experimental and Numerical Study of the Behavior of Three-way Catalytic Converters Under Different Engine Operation Conditions by : Yuetao Zhang
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Study of the Behavior of Three-way Catalytic Converters Under Different Engine Operation Conditions written by Yuetao Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis reports the studies on how the three-way catalytic converters behave under different operation conditions. The main focus of the work is in the oxygen storage capacity of the three-way catalyst. Rich-to-lean air/fuel ratio step-change experiments were carried out to quantify the oxygen storage capacity. Results show that the amount of oxygen stored is dependent on how much oxygen is present in the exhaust. Thus the oxygen storage capacity is not a fixed value, rather it is determined by the equilibrium between the storage sites and the feed stream. A numerical model was developed to characterize the oxygen storage capacity. The model matches well with the experiments. The effects of catalyst age and fuel sulfur content on oxygen storage were measured. The results show that the aging effects and fuel sulfur effects are decoupled. The storage capacity decreases by 10% for every 150ppm increase in fuel sulfur, and it scales with (age−0̇84). Different modes of air/fuel ratio modulations were tested on the catalysts, since such modulation is the practice to keep conversion efficiency high and to increase robustness of the catalyst during transients.
