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Carolina Offshore Wind Integration Case Study
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Book Synopsis Carolina Offshore Wind Integration Case Study by :
Download or read book Carolina Offshore Wind Integration Case Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Duke Energy performed a phase 1 study to assess the impact of offshore wind development in the waters off the coasts of North Carolina and South Carolina. The study analyzed the impacts to the Duke Energy Carolinas electric power system of multiple wind deployment scenarios. Focusing on an integrated utility system in the Carolinas provided a unique opportunity to assess the impacts of offshore wind development in a region that has received less attention regarding renewables than others in the US. North Carolina is the only state in the Southeastern United States that currently has a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) which requires that 12.5% of the state's total energy requirements be met with renewable resources by 2021. 12.5% of the state's total energy requirements in 2021 equates to approximately 17,000 GWH of energy needed from renewable resources. Wind resources represent one of the ways to potentially meet this requirement. The study builds upon and augments ongoing work, including a study by UNC to identify potential wind development sites and the analysis of impacts to the regional transmission system performed by the NCTPC, an Order 890 planning entity of which DEC is a member. Furthermore, because the region does not have an independent system operator (ISO) or regional transmission organization (RTO), the study will provide additional information unique to non-RTO/ISO systems. The Phase 2 study builds on the results of Phase 1 and investigates the dynamic stability of the electrical network in Task 4, the operating characteristics of the wind turbines as they impact operating reserve requirements of the DEC utility in Task 5, and the production cost of integrating the offshore wind resources into the DEC generation fleet making comparisons to future planned operation without the addition of the wind resources in Task 6.
Book Synopsis Offshore Wind Energy Generation by : Olimpo Anaya-Lara
Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Generation written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The offshore wind sector’s trend towards larger turbines, bigger wind farm projects and greater distance to shore has a critical impact on grid connection requirements for offshore wind power plants. This important reference sets out the fundamentals and latest innovations in electrical systems and control strategies deployed in offshore electricity grids for wind power integration. Includes: All current and emerging technologies for offshore wind integration and trends in energy storage systems, fault limiters, superconducting cables and gas-insulated transformers Protection of offshore wind farms illustrating numerous system integration and protection challenges through case studies Modelling of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIG) and full-converter wind turbines structures together with an explanation of the smart grid concept in the context of wind farms Comprehensive material on power electronic equipment employed in wind turbines with emphasis on enabling technologies (HVDC, STATCOM) to facilitate the connection and compensation of large-scale onshore and offshore wind farms Worked examples and case studies to help understand the dynamic interaction between HVDC links and offshore wind generation Concise description of the voltage source converter topologies, control and operation for offshore wind farm applications Companion website containing simulation models of the cases discussed throughout Equipping electrical engineers for the engineering challenges in utility-scale offshore wind farms, this is an essential resource for power system and connection code designers and pratitioners dealing with integation of wind generation and the modelling and control of wind turbines. It will also provide high-level support to academic researchers and advanced students in power and renewable energy as well as technical and research staff in transmission and distribution system operators and in wind turbine and electrical equipment manufacturers.
Book Synopsis Analytical Tools for Transmission Planning Studies for Offshore Wind Farm Integration by : Amirhossein Sajadi
Download or read book Analytical Tools for Transmission Planning Studies for Offshore Wind Farm Integration written by Amirhossein Sajadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wind energy has been known for a very long time. Historians estimate its age as over 3000 years old. The first written evidence indicates that windmills are heritage and history of Persia. Electrical energy from offshore wind is a relatively new source of electrical energy in contrast with conventional hydro and fossil fuel-based generation. Over the last decade, the installed capacity of wind farms has grown significantly across the globe. Regardless of technology used in the wind farm, injecting a significant amount of power into an existing power system has a huge impact on its control, stability, and resiliency. In particular, injection of the power into the transmission system concerns transfer capability, line congestion, reactive power support and synchronism in the grid. In addition, the uncertain and variable nature of wind power introduces more complexity in frequency control, unit commitment, market operation and protection. This research has developed a comprehensive methodology to identify transmission system upgrades that are needed to accommodate offshore wind projects. It also develops a series of techniques to determine operational impacts of offshore wind generation on reliability and resiliency under the steady state and dynamic operations of large-scale power systems including:Steady State Stability related issues in the system including voltage regulation and reactive power availability in the area as well as power transfer capability of the transmission system. Small Signal Stability related issues in the system as a result of variability of the offshore wind power including frequency stability by using frequency response and voltage stability by using frequency domain analysis to identify the dominant voltage modes. Large Signal Stability related issues in the system as a result of operation of variable offshore wind power including rotor angle stability, frequency stability, voltage stability for long term and short term faults. This study used a simulation model of the US Eastern Interconnection as the test system and focused on the integration of a 1000MW offshore wind farm operating in Lake Erie into FirstEnergy/PJM service territory as a case study. The findings of this research provide recommendations on offshore wind integration scenarios, the locations of points of interconnection, wind profile modeling and simulation, and computational methods to quantify performance, along with operating changes and equipment upgrades needed to mitigate system performance issues introduced by an offshore wind project.
Book Synopsis Offshore Wind Energy Technology by : Olimpo Anaya-Lara
Download or read book Offshore Wind Energy Technology written by Olimpo Anaya-Lara and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-05-11 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A COMPREHENSIVE REFERENCE TO THE MOST RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN OFFSHORE WIND TECHNOLOGY Offshore Wind Energy Technology offers a reference based on the research material developed by the acclaimed Norwegian Research Centre for Offshore Wind Technology (NOWITECH) and material developed by the expert authors over the last 20 years. This comprehensive text covers critical topics such as wind energy conversion systems technology, control systems, grid connection and system integration, and novel structures including bottom-fixed and floating. The text also reviews the most current operation and maintenance strategies as well as technologies and design tools for novel offshore wind energy concepts. The text contains a wealth of mathematical derivations, tables, graphs, worked examples, and illustrative case studies. Authoritative and accessible, Offshore Wind Energy Technology: Contains coverage of electricity markets for offshore wind energy and then discusses the challenges posed by the cost and limited opportunities Discusses novel offshore wind turbine structures and floaters Features an analysis of the stochastic dynamics of offshore/marine structures Describes the logistics of planning, designing, building, and connecting an offshore wind farm Written for students and professionals in the field, Offshore Wind Energy Technology is a definitive resource that reviews all facets of offshore wind energy technology and grid connection.
Book Synopsis Multi-criteria Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Site Suitability in North Carolina by : Kelsey Lauren Gregg
Download or read book Multi-criteria Analysis of Offshore Wind Energy Site Suitability in North Carolina written by Kelsey Lauren Gregg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing social, political, and economic interest in developing renewable energy technologies in an effort to create a more sustainable and secure energy market. Wind energy has potential to satisfy energy needs with fewer negative impacts than conventional energy production. North Carolina has some of the greatest offshore wind potential in the US; however, a multitude of barriers prevent the construction of wind farms. Planners must consider a variety of exclusion variables when deciding where to allow development, including environmental, economic, and socio-political factors. The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management first released potential leasing blocks totaling approximately 474,016 hectares, based on applicable exclusion variables to gauge stakeholder interest and opinion. Based on responses, official Wind Energy Areas (WEAs) were defined. At 124,477 hectares, the WEAs are remarkably smaller than the original call areas, greatly limiting NC's potential in this new market. However, many of the variables limiting the WEAs have mitigation potential allowing for expansion of offshore wind. This study utilizes public comment data and GIS layers for key exclusion variables used to define WEAs. By treating variables of interest as distinct layers, GIS was used to identify variations in the suitability in the ocean space off North Carolina's coastline. By analyzing wind feasibility while taking into consideration site-specific mitigation techniques, four site suitability maps were developed: environmental, economic, social, and overall site suitability. Policy-makers and planners in NC can use these maps in the future to mitigate inherently local variables and to inform communication strategies that build public acceptance of offshore wind development, further improving chances of successful implementation.
Book Synopsis Design of Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines by : Subhamoy Bhattacharya
Download or read book Design of Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines written by Subhamoy Bhattacharya and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-02-20 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive reference covering the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines As the demand for “green” energy increases the offshore wind power industry is expanding at a rapid pace around the world. Design of Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines is a comprehensive reference which covers the design of foundations for offshore wind turbines, and includes examples and case studies. It provides an overview of a wind farm and a wind turbine structure, and examines the different types of loads on the offshore wind turbine structure. Foundation design considerations and the necessary calculations are also covered. The geotechnical site investigation and soil behavior/soil structure interaction are discussed, and the final chapter takes a case study of a wind turbine and demonstrates how to carry out step by step calculations. Key features: New, important subject to the industry. Includes calculations and case studies. Accompanied by a website hosting software and data files. Design of Foundations for Offshore Wind Turbines is a must have reference for engineers within the renewable energy industry and is also a useful guide for graduate students in this area.
Book Synopsis Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy into Bulk Power Systems by : Pengwei Du
Download or read book Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy into Bulk Power Systems written by Pengwei Du and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-06 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the challenges that increasing amounts of renewable and distributed energy represent when integrated into established electricity grid infrastructures, offering a range of potential solutions that will support engineers, grid operators, system planners, utilities, and policymakers alike in their efforts to realize the vision of moving toward greener, more secure energy portfolios. Covering all major renewable sources, from wind and solar, to waste energy and hydropower, the authors highlight case studies of successful integration scenarios to demonstrate pathways toward overcoming the complexities created by variable and distributed generation.
Book Synopsis Offshore Wind in Coastal North Carolina by : Jessica E. Regan
Download or read book Offshore Wind in Coastal North Carolina written by Jessica E. Regan and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Future of Texas Offshore Wind by : William David Swales
Download or read book The Future of Texas Offshore Wind written by William David Swales and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind energy can generate renewable energy and Northern Europe already uses it as an electricity source (windeurope.org, n.d.). While some in the United States (US) have been reluctant to embrace offshore wind power, the Biden administration has advocated increasing East-Coast offshore wind power generation to up to 30 gigawatts (Eilerin & Dennis, 2021). In 2020, Texas generated approximately 20 percent of its electricity from onshore wind turbines (EIA, Today in Energy, 2020). Texas has not invested in offshore wind energy generation along hundreds of miles of available Gulf of Mexico coastline. This study describes environmental impacts case studies of previously developed United States offshore wind farms to establish recommendations for what an offshore wind farm in Texas could look like. Two case studies along the Texas Gulf Coast are used as potential guides for future Texas offshore wind development. An analysis of infrastructure requirement, environmental impacts, policy and levelized cost of energy is included to inform recommendations for further wind developments. The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) of offshore wind is compared with costs of natural gas combined cycle electricity to estimate the approximate comparative cost of those sources through 2050. Such an analysis does not deal with the real full costs, benefits, and risks of offshore wind generation, nor does it define the full range of demand and supply options for Texas’ electricity supply options. However, based on data from the Energy Information Agency and other sources, this limited LCOE provides a context for costs associated with offshore wind. The 2021 Texas winter storm exposed the vulnerability of Texas’ electrical grid. Texas would benefit from more reliable and stable energy capacity to meet demands of a rapidly growing population in one of the fastest growing states in the country. An offshore wind industry could provide security to Texas’ energy future if it represents a wise investment. This study provides a case study guide with recommendations for possible wind farm creation off the Texas Gulf Coast
Download or read book Go with the Wind written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantifying Wind Resource Assessment and Grid Integration Challenges for Delaware Offshore Wind Power Utilizing Mesoscale Modeling Techniques by : Joseph F. Brodie
Download or read book Quantifying Wind Resource Assessment and Grid Integration Challenges for Delaware Offshore Wind Power Utilizing Mesoscale Modeling Techniques written by Joseph F. Brodie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind in the United States continues to be a focused area of research as our society grapples with the Earth's changing climate and our ongoing and increasing demand for electricity. While the first offshore wind project in the U.S. is expected to be operational soon, much still remains to be done to help improve viability of offshore wind in additional locations. This dissertation discusses three studies conducted to improve the understanding of and expectations from developing wind energy in the Delaware Wind Energy Area off the Delaware coast. The first study examines the capabilities of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to account for variations in wind farm array geometries in an idealized set-up of the model, and determines features of those array geometries that can positively influence the energy production of an offshore farm. The second study investigates the impacts that the misprediction of wind ramp events would have on the interaction of an offshore wind farm with the electricity grid, quantifying some of these impacts and discussing factors which contribute to grid instability. The third study combines the knowledge gained in the first two studies to evaluate potential wind farm array geometries in a regional study of the Delaware Wind Energy Area using WRF along with a selection of case study dates selected to examine the impacts of the synoptic variability of the region throughout the year. These studies demonstrate that careful consideration of the meteorology and climatology of a region when determining the layout of an offshore wind array can improve the power production of the farm, thereby improving wind farm viability. It is shown that using a mesoscale model that incorporates a wind farm parameterization can improve resource assessment by allowing the assessment to evaluate the wind farm's interactions with the weather and climate in the Delaware Wind Energy Area. Furthermore, it is shown that while certain synoptic conditions can improve the power production of a wind facility, synoptic conditions can also lead to increased unpredictability of the wind which can result in grid stability concerns. Improvements in wind forecasting during the early morning and evening hours would help to reduce these concerns. It is only through the thorough understanding of the various scales of atmospheric dynamics at work that offshore wind farms can prove to be a successful solution for our future energy needs while reducing the impacts of climate change and our usage of fossil fuels.
Book Synopsis Can Wind be a "firm" Resource? by : Lena M. Hansen
Download or read book Can Wind be a "firm" Resource? written by Lena M. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Alternative and Renewable Energy: Volume 19 (AC Offshore Wind Farms) by : Benjamin Wayne
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Alternative and Renewable Energy: Volume 19 (AC Offshore Wind Farms) written by Benjamin Wayne and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book aims at providing valuable information to the readers regarding AC offshore wind farms. It covers vital aspects of offshore wind farm's energy transmission and grid integration infrastructure. However, not all the electric configurations have been evaluated for this purpose. This book presents a representative case which has been comprehensively analyzed. It has been constructed on three general features of an offshore wind farm: the rated power, the distance to shore and the average wind speed of the place. Thus, after a concise account of concepts related to wind power and several subsea cable modeling options, an offshore wind farm has been modeled and its parameters have been defined to use as a case study. Upon this case study, several analyses of key aspects of connection infrastructure have been performed. The primary aspect to be determined was the management of reactive power flowing through the submarine cable. The much unwelcomed harmonic amplifications in offshore wind farms due to resonances and after this, transient over-voltage complications in electric framework have been characterized. Finally, an offshore wind farm connection infrastructure has been presented in order to meet the grid code requirements for a specific system operator, but not as a close solution, as a result of a methodology based on analysis and simulations to define the most appropriate layout depending on the size and location of each offshore wind farm.
Book Synopsis Energy Transmission and Grid Integration of AC Offshore Wind Farms by : Markel Zubiaga
Download or read book Energy Transmission and Grid Integration of AC Offshore Wind Farms written by Markel Zubiaga and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-03-21 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses the key issues of the offshore wind farm's energy transmission and grid integration infrastructure. But, for this purpose, there are not evaluated all the electric configurations. In the present book is deeply evaluated a representative case. This representative case is built starting from three generic characteristics of an offshore wind farm: the rated power, the distance to shore and the average wind speed of the location. Thus, after a brief description of concepts related to wind power and several subsea cable modeling options, an offshore wind farm is modeled and its parameters defined to use as a base case. Upon this base case, several analyses of the key aspects of the connection infrastructure are performed. The first aspect to analyze is the management of the reactive power flowing through the submarine cable. Then, the undesired harmonic amplifications in the offshore wind farms due to the resonances and after this, transient over-voltage problems in the electric infrastructure are characterized. Finally, an offshore wind farm connection infrastructure is proposed in order to achieve the grid code requirements for a specific system operator, but not as a close solution, as a result of a methodology based on analyses and simulations to define the most suitable layout depending on the size and location of each offshore wind farm.
Book Synopsis National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study by :
Download or read book National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study (NOWEGIS) considers the availability and potential impacts of interconnecting large amounts of offshore wind energy into the transmission system of the lower 48 contiguous United States. A total of 54GW of offshore wind was assumed to be the target for the analyses conducted. A variety of issues are considered including: the anticipated staging of offshore wind; the offshore wind resource availability; offshore wind energy power production profiles; offshore wind variability; present and potential technologies for collection and delivery of offshore wind energy to the onshore grid; potential impacts to existing utility systems most likely to receive large amounts of offshore wind; and regulatory influences on offshore wind development. The technologies considered the reliability of various high-voltage ac (HVAC) and high-voltage dc (HVDC) technology options and configurations. The utility system impacts of GW-scale integration of offshore wind are considered from an operational steady-state perspective and from a regional and national production cost perspective.
Book Synopsis Best Practices in Grid Integration of Variable Wind Power by :
Download or read book Best Practices in Grid Integration of Variable Wind Power written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper will summarize results from a number of utility wind integration case studies conducted recently in the US, and outline a number of mitigation measures based on insights from those studies.
Book Synopsis Potential Economic Impacts from Offshore Wind in the Southeast Region (Fact Sheet) by :
Download or read book Potential Economic Impacts from Offshore Wind in the Southeast Region (Fact Sheet) written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offshore wind is a clean, renewable source of energy and can be an economic driver in the United States. To better understand the employment opportunities and other potential regional economic impacts from offshore wind development, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funded research that focuses on four regions of the country. The studies use multiple scenarios with various local job anddomestic manufacturing content assumptions. Each regional study uses the new offshore wind Jobs and Economic Development Impacts (JEDI) model, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. This fact sheet summarizes the potential economic impacts identified by the study for the Southeast (defined here as Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia).
