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Carbon Cycling And Restoration In Temperate Forested Peatlands
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Book Synopsis CARBON CYCLING AND RESTORATION IN TEMPERATE FORESTED PEATLANDS by :
Download or read book CARBON CYCLING AND RESTORATION IN TEMPERATE FORESTED PEATLANDS written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Forested peatlands are important natural ecosystems in the global carbon cycle due to their large carbon pools in both standing biomass and thick organic soils. Northern white cedar (cedar; Thuja occidentalis L.) peatlands are a common and ecologically important forested peatland type in the Great Lakes Region of North America. Despite the great potential of cedar peatlands to store carbon, very few studies have characterized the fluxes or cycling of carbon in these ecosystems. Furthermore, the last 100-150 years have seen a dramatic shift in the age distribution of cedar stands, due primarily to harvesting for forest products and overbrowsing by large deer herds in the region. The aims of this thesis are to 1) evaluate the feasibility of enrichment planting as a restoration option in cedar peatlands, and 2) characterize the production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the soil emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in a cedar peatland. Five restoration sites across northern Minnesota were used in investigating the conditions that fostered optimum height growth and survival of planted cedar seedlings. Planted cedar were found to grow and survive best when planted on hummocks. Additionally, a combination of protection from browse and high light maximized height growth of planted cedar. One site in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was used for measurements of soil emissions of CO2 and CH4 and concentrations and characterizations of DOC. Soil CO2 emissions were correlated with water table level but CH4 emissions were not, possibly due to sufficiently high water tables throughout the measurement season. The quantity and quality of DOC changed with depth, suggesting that DOC lower in the peat profile was microbially sourced. When compared to other northern peatlands, soil CO2 emissions were relatively low, and soil CH4 emissions were approximately average. Dissolved organic carbon was also within the range of values from other northern peatlands, but was less aromatic and had a lower molecular weight. The results from this study suggest that the carbon dynamics of cedar peatlands are important. Additionally, enrichment planting appears to be a feasible strategy in restoration of degraded peatlands for at least two years after planting.
Book Synopsis Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands by : Andrew J. Baird
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands written by Andrew J. Baird and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-03 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 184. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands examines the role that northern peatlands play in regulating the atmospheric carbon budget. It summarizes current research in four interconnected areas: large-scale peatland dynamics and carbon cycling; plant and microbial dynamics and their effect on carbon fluxes to the atmosphere; methane accumulation in, and loss from, peatlands; and water and dissolved carbon fluxes through peatlands. The volume highlights include A thorough assessment of the challenges involved in incorporating carbon cycling in northern peatlands into global climate models; A conceptual model to examine the partitioning of terminal carbon mineralization into production of CO2 and CH4; A comprehensive review of the evidence for the accumulation of methane in deep and shallow peat; and A description of the hydrologic changes induced by peat harvesting and associated challenges in restoring altered peatlands to their natural hydrologic regime. Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands will be of interest to research scientists and graduate and undergraduate students, particularly those who wish to know more about the role of peatlands in the global carbon cycle and their role as modifiers of climate.
Book Synopsis Recarbonization of the Biosphere by : Rattan Lal
Download or read book Recarbonization of the Biosphere written by Rattan Lal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-30 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human activities are significantly modifying the natural global carbon (C) cycles, and concomitantly influence climate, ecosystems, and state and function of the Earth system. Ever increasing amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) are added to the atmosphere by fossil fuel combustion but the biosphere is a potential C sink. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of C cycling in the biosphere is crucial for identifying and managing biospheric C sinks. Ecosystems with large C stocks which must be protected and sustainably managed are wetlands, peatlands, tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, grasslands, degraded/desertified lands, agricultural lands, and urban lands. However, land-based sinks require long-term management and a protection strategy because C stocks grow with a progressive improvement in ecosystem health.
Book Synopsis Belowground Carbon Cycling in Three Temperate Forests of the Eastern United States by : Julia B. Gaudinski
Download or read book Belowground Carbon Cycling in Three Temperate Forests of the Eastern United States written by Julia B. Gaudinski and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests by : John A. Stanturf
Download or read book Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests written by John A. Stanturf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the commitment to protect and restore forest ecosystems has become a policy goal in many countries since the Rio Conference, there is still no general consensus on what constitutes restoration. This authoritative reference presents the best practices for fostering increased sustainability, enhancing biodiversity, and repairing ecosystem func
Book Synopsis The Global Status of Peatlands and Their Role in Carbon Cycling by : C. P. Immirzi
Download or read book The Global Status of Peatlands and Their Role in Carbon Cycling written by C. P. Immirzi and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Peatland Restoration and Ecosystem Services by : Aletta Bonn
Download or read book Peatland Restoration and Ecosystem Services written by Aletta Bonn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-06-23 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An interdisciplinary book tackling the challenges of managing peatlands and their ecosystem services in the face of climate change.
Book Synopsis Carbon Sequestration in Forests by : Ross W. Gorte
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Forests written by Ross W. Gorte and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background: Congressional Interest in Carbon Sequestration; (2) Carbon Cycling in Forests: The Forest Cycle; Forest Types: Tropical Forests; Temperate Forests; Boreal Forests; (3) Measuring and Altering Forest Carbon Levels: Forest Carbon Accounting; Land Use Changes; Forestry Events and Management Activities: Vegetation and Soil Carbon; Forest Events ¿ Wildfires; Forestry Practices; Wood Energy; Leakage: Land Use Leakage; Product Demand Leakage; Federal Government Programs: Federal Forests; Federal Assistance for State and Private Forestry; Federal Tax Expenditures; Federal Programs Affecting Land Use; Accounting for Forest Carbon Sequestration; (4) Conclusions. Table.
Book Synopsis Carbon Cycling in Soils of Northern Temperate Forests by : Margaret S. Graham
Download or read book Carbon Cycling in Soils of Northern Temperate Forests written by Margaret S. Graham and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems by : Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling in European Forest Ecosystems written by Ernst-Detlef Schulze and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume quantifies carbon storage in managed forest ecosystems not only in biomass, but also in all soil compartments. It investigates the interaction between the carbon and nitrogen cycles by working along a north-south transect through Europe that starts in northern Sweden, passes through a N-deposition maximum in central Europe and ends in Italy. For the first time biogeochemical processes are linked to biodiversity on a large geographic scale and with special focus on soil organisms. The accompanying CD-ROM provides a complete database of all flux, storage and species observations for modellers.
Book Synopsis The Role of Temperate Zone Forests in the World Carbon Cycle by : Thomas V. Armentano
Download or read book The Role of Temperate Zone Forests in the World Carbon Cycle written by Thomas V. Armentano and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Atmosphere Carbon and Water Cycling in the Temperate Northern Forests of the Great Lakes Region by :
Download or read book Ecosystem Atmosphere Carbon and Water Cycling in the Temperate Northern Forests of the Great Lakes Region written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-term Dynamics and Contemporary Carbon Budget of Northern Peatlands by : Zicheng Yu
Download or read book Long-term Dynamics and Contemporary Carbon Budget of Northern Peatlands written by Zicheng Yu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides extended abstracts of papers presented at a workshop on forested peatland carbon dynamics. Topics of papers include peat accumulation, carbon flux measurements, peatlands of the western boreal forest and the Mackenzie Valley, the carbon chemistry of peat, the effect of temperature on microbial decomposition, modelling carbon accumulation, peatland hydrology modelling, peatland fire & impacts on carbon dynamics, soil carbon dynamics in the boreal forest, and how peat fits into the Kyoto Protocol.
Book Synopsis Carbon Cycling at a Post-extraction Restored Peatland by : Kelly Nugent
Download or read book Carbon Cycling at a Post-extraction Restored Peatland written by Kelly Nugent and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Peatlands store large amounts of organic carbon (C) and are an important component of the global climate system. Climate and peatland land surfaces are closely coupled through land-atmosphere exchanges of greenhouse gases (GHG), such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). When undisturbed, peatlands exert a long-term (millennia) negative radiative GHG forcing (climate cooling) through CO2 removal from the atmosphere, and a short-term (decades) positive forcing (climate warming) with the addition of CH4 to the atmosphere. Peatland drainage and extraction, however, results in mineralization of stored peat, releasing large amounts of CO2 while generally reducing CH4 to minimal levels. Rewetting and actively restoring vegetation is now a restoration approach used to reduce CO2 emissions from degraded peatlands. However, the timeframe needed for restoration to re-establish the C sink function of an undisturbed peatland remains poorly constrained due to a lack of multi-year measurements. In this thesis, I analyze three years of eddy covariance flux measurements from a post-extraction restored peatland in eastern Quebec, Canada that was restored 14 years prior. I link these measurements with flux footprint modelling, stable isotope fractionation data and pore water concentrations to characterize how belowground C cycling and fluxes are impacted by restoration. I combine a series of flux towers at post-extraction unrestored and restored peatlands in eastern and western Canada with an atmospheric perturbation model to further reveal how after-use management is affecting the global climate.The post-extraction restored peatland was a C sink of 78 ± 17 g C m-2 yr-1 within fourteen years of restoration, due to strong CO2 uptake and small CH4 emission and dissolved organic carbon export. A comparison with an undisturbed reference peatland (Mer Bleue) revealed annual NEE at the restored peatland was most similar to wetter, more productive years at the reference peatland. A mapping of post-extraction (1980 onwards) canopy structure changes showed broad comparability between the restored peatland and surrounding intact peatland within five years of restoration. The enhanced vegetation index results suggest that the developing vegetation in general had a normal response to environmental factors and was not experiencing any enduring stress from the underlying cutover peat. While the processes behind the surface net CO2 flux appear successfully recovered, approximately two thirds of the restored peatland was a minimal source of CH4, suggesting a lag in the recovery of belowground C cycling processes. Carbon turnover in the cutover peat beneath the new Sphagnum layer was slow and appeared to occur only with E. vaginatum substrate input and plant-mediated transport. The C isotopic fractionation factor for CH4 and CO2 in the restored field pore water exhibited a dominance of acetoclastic methane production, even deeper in the cutover peat profile. In contrast, isotopic fractionation in the former drainage ditches showed a balance of acetoclastic and hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis deeper in the profile, indicating that some bulk peat C turnover was occurring. Over time (decades), C turnover of the new peat is expected to limit the impacts of the cutover peat on the surface CH4 flux.Flux measurements at unrestored sites in eastern and western Canada reveal that not restoring post-extraction peatlands leads to decades of CO2 addition to the atmosphere, with low CH4 emission. The after-use decision to not restore results in a positive radiative forcing seven times more powerful than the negative forcing achieved by active restoration after 500 years. Prompt active restoration achieves a neutral climate impact about 155 years earlier than restoration after a 20-year delay. In contrast, IPCC Tier 1 emission factors based on a wide range of rewetting activities display a continually positive radiative forcing, even with prompt rewetting"--
Book Synopsis Temporal Variability of Carbon Cycling in a Temperate Deciduous Forest by : Jeffrey Lee Ehman
Download or read book Temporal Variability of Carbon Cycling in a Temperate Deciduous Forest written by Jeffrey Lee Ehman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Temperate forest carbon cycling by : Minda R. Berbeco
Download or read book Temperate forest carbon cycling written by Minda R. Berbeco and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Substrate and Enzymatic Controls on Temperate Peatland Carbon Cycling by : Andrew Pinsonneault
Download or read book Substrate and Enzymatic Controls on Temperate Peatland Carbon Cycling written by Andrew Pinsonneault and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Peatlands only cover ~3% of the globe's terrestrial and fresh water surface and yet they store up to 30% of the global soil carbon (C). As such, the C storage and ecological importance of peatlands are proportionally much greater than their area might suggest. Microorganisms drive organic matter decomposition, and thus C and nutrient mobilization, though the controls on microbial activity remain poorly understood. The overall objective of this thesis was to elucidate the microbial role in organic matter decomposition in temperate peatlands. I explored substrate and microbial-ecological controls, with particular emphasis on extracellular enzyme activity, under both natural climate variability and increased nutrient deposition.Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) serves numerous ecological and chemical functions including acting as a microbial substrate. Through laboratory experiments, the concentration, biodegradability, and intrinsic properties of DOC leached from peat, fresh material, and litter from nine species of ombrotrophic bog vegetation were characterized. Initial DOC concentration and the fraction of biodegradable DOC differed significantly among species and were significantly higher in fresh material than either litter or peat extracts. Vegetation species and degree of decomposition of the parent organic matter are significant controls on microbial substrate quality.Through laboratory and field measurements, temperature and pH were determined to be the common environmental controls on the enzyme-latch mechanism across four biogeochemically different peatland types though site-specific factors such as nutrient availability led to deviations from these patterns. Overall, enzyme activity decreased significantly with depth and showed significant variation over the course of the growing season with a minimum in the spring and a maximum in the summer and fall highlighting the vulnerability of the peatland soil organic C stock to anthropogenic climate warming.Laboratory analysis of samples from a long-term fertilization experiment found significant changes in peat and dissolved matter nutrient stoichiometry and extracellular enzyme activity relative to control following 9 - 14 years of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilization. Results suggest concurrent and counteracting responses to long-term nutrient fertilization with complex interactions among surface vegetation, microbes, and nutrient availability. In particular, the N-inhibition of phenol oxidase activity may partially counteract the effect of enhanced microbial substrate quality on C and nutrient mobilization.Research in this thesis contributes new understanding of the controls on microbial decomposition of organic matter, and ultimately greenhouse gas production and DOC export, in northern peatlands. This work, however, also shows that microbial-ecological relationships are complex and site-specific factors pose problems for incorporating them in ecological models." --
