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Caracterisation Spectroscopique Du Niobate De Lithium Sous Forme De Cristaux Massifs Et De Guides Donde
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Book Synopsis Caractérisation spectroscopique du niobate de lithium sous forme de cristaux massifs et de guides d'onde by : Yun Zhang
Download or read book Caractérisation spectroscopique du niobate de lithium sous forme de cristaux massifs et de guides d'onde written by Yun Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le niobate de lithium LN est, de par sa large fenêtre transparence et ses grands coefficients électro-optique et optique non linéaire, l'un des matériaux dilélectriques les plus intéressants pour leurs applications en optiques intégrée. Notre étude porte sur la caractérisation de cristaux LN massifs et de guides d'onde par spectroscopie Raman (SR) et luminescence polaron (LP). Dans sa composition congruente, LN présente des défauts ponctuels de plusieurs espèces. Leur concentration dépend de la composition du cristal. Nous avons étudié en particulier des cristaux de composition sous congruente et prolongé la loi linéaire qui relie les largeurs de certaines raies Raman à la composition. Cette loi nous permet de mesurer finement l'exodiffusion du lithium dans les guides diffusé titane. LP est observée sous forme d'une bande large vers 800nm. L'intensité de LP mesure directement le degré de réduction chimique du matériau. Nous avons également montré la relation qui existe entre la luminescence et l'intensité incidente et l'existence d'une valeur de saturation. Cette luminescence a été étudiée dans des cristaux massifs purs, oxydés et réduits, ou dopés et des guides d'onde. Nous avons défini les protocoles de caractérisation et ces mesures permettent de déterminer la carte de réduction chimique en section d'un guide LN:Ti à partir de la carte de luminescence . Nous avons enfin étendu la méthode aux structures périodiquement polarisées PPLN. Nous avons montré que les micro-spectroscopies SR et LP sont des méthodes non destructives, efficaces et fiables pour caractériser les guides d'ondes et les PPLN à l'échelle du micromètre
Book Synopsis Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals by : Agnes Buka
Download or read book Flexoelectricity in Liquid Crystals written by Agnes Buka and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book intends to give a state-of-the-art overview of flexoelectricity, a linear physical coupling between mechanical (orientational) deformations and electric polarization, which is specific to systems with orientational order, such as liquid crystals. Chapters written by experts in the field shed light on theoretical as well as experimental aspects of research carried out since the discovery of flexoelectricity. Besides a common macroscopic (continuum) description the microscopic theory of flexoelectricity is also addressed. Electro-optic effects due to or modified by flexoelectricity as well as various (direct and indirect) measurement methods are discussed. Special emphasis is given to the role of flexoelectricity in pattern-forming instabilities. While the main focus of the book lies in flexoelectricity in nematic liquid crystals, peculiarities of other mesophases (bent-core systems, cholesterics, and smectics) are also reviewed. Flexoelectricity has relevance to biological (living) systems and can also offer possibilities for technical applications. The basics of these two interdisciplinary fields are also summarized.
Download or read book Indium Seals written by R. O. Adams and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The feasibility of using indium seals for large vacuum bell jars has been investigated. It is shown that such seals can be made; however, use of this type seal for repetitive operations is not recommended.
Book Synopsis X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications by : Jean Daillant
Download or read book X-Ray and Neutron Reflectivity: Principles and Applications written by Jean Daillant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reflection of and neutrons from surfaces has existed as an x-rays exp- imental for almost it is in the last technique fifty Nevertheless, only years. decade that these methods have become as of enormously popular probes This the surfaces and interfaces. to be due to of several appears convergence of intense different circumstances. These include the more n- availability be measured orders tron and sources that can over (so reflectivity x-ray many of and the much weaker surface diffuse can now also be magnitude scattering of thin films and studied in some the detail); growing importance multil- basic the realization of the ers in both and technology research; important which in the of surfaces and and role roughness plays properties interfaces; the of statistical models to characterize the of finally development topology its and its characterization from on roughness, dependence growth processes The of and to surface scattering experiments. ability x-rays neutro4s study four five orders of in scale of surfaces over to magnitude length regardless their and also their to ability probe environment, temperature, pressure, etc. , makes these the choice for buried interfaces often probes preferred obtaining information about the microstructure of often in statistical a global surfaces, the local This is manner to complementary imaging microscopy techniques, of such studies in the literature witnessed the veritable by explosion published the last few Thus these lectures will useful for over a resource years.
Book Synopsis Organic Solid-State Lasers by : Sébastien Forget
Download or read book Organic Solid-State Lasers written by Sébastien Forget and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic lasers are broadly tunable coherent sources, potentially compact, convenient and manufactured at low-costs. Appeared in the mid 60’s as solid-state alternatives for liquid dye lasers, they recently gained a new dimension after the demonstration of organic semiconductor lasers in the 90's. More recently, new perspectives appeared at the nanoscale, with organic polariton and surface plasmon lasers. After a brief reminder to laser physics, a first chapter exposes what makes organic solid-state organic lasers specific. The laser architectures used in organic lasers are then reviewed, with a state-of-the-art review of the performances of devices with regard to output power, threshold, lifetime, beam quality etc. A survey of the recent trends in the field is given, highlighting the latest developments with a special focus on the challenges remaining for achieving direct electrical pumping of organic semiconductor lasers. A last chapter covers the applications of organic solid-state lasers.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Optical Materials by : Jerome V. Moloney
Download or read book Nonlinear Optical Materials written by Jerome V. Moloney and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-08-13 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical methods play a significant role in the rapidly growing field of nonlinear optical materials. This volume discusses a number of successful or promising contributions. The overall theme of this volume is twofold: (1) the challenges faced in computing and optimizing nonlinear optical material properties; and (2) the exploitation of these properties in important areas of application. These include the design of optical amplifiers and lasers, as well as novel optical switches. Research topics in this volume include how to exploit the magnetooptic effect, how to work with the nonlinear optical response of materials, how to predict laser-induced breakdown in efficient optical devices, and how to handle electron cloud distortion in femtosecond processes.
Book Synopsis Physical Properties of Amorphous Materials by : David Adler
Download or read book Physical Properties of Amorphous Materials written by David Adler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute for Amorphous Studies was founded in 1982 as the international center for the investigation of amorphous mate rials. It has since played an important role in promoting the und er standing of disordered matter in general. An Institute lecture series on "Fundamentals of Amorphous Materials and Devices" was held during 1982-83 with distinguished speakers from universities and industry. These events were free and open to the public ,and were attended by many representatives of the scientific community. The lectures themselves were highly successful inasmuch as they provided not only formal instruction but also an opportunity for vigorous and stimulating debate. That last element could not be captured within the pages of a book I but the lectures concentrated on the latest advances in the field I which is why their essential contents are he re reproduced in collective form. Together they constitute an interdisciplinary status report of the field. The speakers brought many different viewpoints and a variety of back ground experiences io bear on the problems involved I but though language and conventions vary I the essential unity of the concerns is very clear I as indeed are the ultimate benefits of the many-sided approach.
Book Synopsis Laser: 50 Years Of Discoveries by : Fabien Bretenaker
Download or read book Laser: 50 Years Of Discoveries written by Fabien Bretenaker and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book provides an overview of the principle and applications of lasers enriched with numerous illustrations.Being over fifty years old, lasers continue to amaze us. Their performance characteristics are constantly reaching new limits, and the scope of their applications continues to expand. Yet, it took years of effort by teams of physicists to transform the fundamental notions of Einstein into the first experimental beam of laser light. And history is still going on as fundamental research is now triggered by its remarkable properties.This book addresses every aspects of laser light, from its fundamental principles to its industrial applications, at a level particularly suited for high school teachers, students, and anybody curious about science and technology.
Book Synopsis Etude, fabrication et caractérisation de cristaux photoniques à hauts facteurs de forme en niobate de lithium pour la réalisation de modulateurs électro-optiques ultra-compacts by : Clement Guyot
Download or read book Etude, fabrication et caractérisation de cristaux photoniques à hauts facteurs de forme en niobate de lithium pour la réalisation de modulateurs électro-optiques ultra-compacts written by Clement Guyot and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse de doctorat a pour but de fabriquer des systèmes électro-optiques compacts en utilisant les propriétés des cristaux photoniques (CP).). Le niobate de lithium (LiNbO3) est très attractif pour les applications optiques (télécommunications optiques, biomédical, astrophysique) car il a de faibles pertes en propagation (0.1 dB/cm ou moins), une faible dispersion en longueur d’onde, une large bande de transparence (350-5000 nm), et des forts coefficients Electro-optiques, non-linéaires et acousto-optiques. Cependant, les composants optiques utilisant ce matériau présentent classiquement un encombrement supérieur au centimètre, ce qui est dommageable pour leur intégration dans des circuits optiques compacts. Nous cherchons à démontrer plus précisément la faisabilité de modulateurs électro-optiques ultra-compacts tout en gardant les performances des modulateurs de type Mach-Zehnder, telles que de faibles pertes d'insertion, une faible tension de commande et un fort taux d'extinction. Nous proposons de remplir ces objectifs par l'usinage de cristaux photoniques à haut facteur de forme sur des guides LiNbO3, en associant découpe à la scie circulaire de précision et gravure par faisceau d'ion focalisé. La configuration s’appuie d’une part sur une tranche fine (ridge) de LiNbO3 qui confine la lumière transversalement, et d’autre part sur l'usinage du CP à haut facteur de forme pour favoriser une forte sensibilité à la présence de champs électriques externes sur des longueurs actives de l'ordre du micromètre. Les hauts facteurs de forme seront obtenus en usinant les ridges sur leur sommet et sur leurs flancs. Un premier enjeu, technologique, est destiné à optimiser les technologies développées à l’institut FEMTO-ST en vue d’applications à l’optique intégrée. Le deuxième enjeu, scientifique, s’agit de mettre en oeuvre une nouvelle configuration de contrôle de la lumière à l’aide d’un cristal photonique, présentant un double usinage sur les flancs et le sommet. C'est la première démonstration expérimentale de nanostructures LiNbO3 à haut facteur de forme.
