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Calorimetric Study Of Ionization And Oxidation Reactions In Supercritical Water
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Book Synopsis Calorimetric Study of Ionization and Oxidation Reactions in Supercritical Water by :
Download or read book Calorimetric Study of Ionization and Oxidation Reactions in Supercritical Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The investigation of chemical reactions in the supercritical region of water requires a knowledge of the thermodynamic quantities (equilibrium constants, enthalpy changes, entropy changes, and heat capacity changes) associated with water dissociation and solute-solute interaction in this region. In this study, these quantities have been determined to 350 or, in some cases, to 370 deg C for water ionization and alkali and alkaline earth chloride ion interaction. The determinations were made using a high precision flow calorimeter designed and constructed to withstand the corrosive and high temperature conditions encountered in the study. The results are consistent with a model involving water molecules as active participants in the reactions. As temperature increases, the percentage of water molecules participating in hydrogen bonding decreases with resulting large effects on enthalpy changes, entropy changes and heat capacity changes values for chemical reactions. The equilibrium constants and enthalpy changes values provide essential information for the design of processes intended to operate under supercritical water conditions.
Book Synopsis Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment, Energy and Nanomaterial Applications by : Shuzhong Wang
Download or read book Supercritical Water Processing Technologies for Environment, Energy and Nanomaterial Applications written by Shuzhong Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-18 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically presents the technical aspects of supercritical water oxidation and supercritical water gasification for energy and environmental applications, which include reactor design, construction materials, corrosion, salt precipitation, etc. The book provides a comprehensive introduction to the properties of supercritical water, and the industrial applications, reaction mechanisms and reaction kinetics of supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and supercritical water gasification (SCWG). The reactions occurring in supercritical water are complex, and studying their reaction mechanisms is of great importance for the development of supercritical water processing technologies. Accordingly, the book explains the oxidative mechanisms and kinetics of organic matter in supercritical water in detail. However, the harsh reaction conditions in supercritical water can easily create severe reactor corrosion and salt deposition problems. Therefore, the book also comprehensively reports on the mechanism analysis, state of research, and development trends regarding these two problems. Lastly, the book summarizes the development of supercritical water processing technologies, including studies on SCWO and SCWG, as well as near-zero-emission systems of pollutants based on SCWO technology. In short, the book provides a wealth of valuable information for all readers who are interested in using SCWO for organic waste treatment, and in using SCWG for hydrogen production with wet biomass.
Book Synopsis Supercritical Water Oxidation Studies: Understanding the Chemistry and Electrochemistry of SCWO Systems by :
Download or read book Supercritical Water Oxidation Studies: Understanding the Chemistry and Electrochemistry of SCWO Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SuperCritical Water Oxidation (SCWO) is being actively developed as a means of destroying highly toxic organic waste and as a way of reducing the volume of low-level nuclear waste. The technology employs water at temperatures above the critical temperature (374.15K) as the reaction medium as well as high partial pressures of oxygen or high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. These conditions lead to extraordinarily high corrosion rates within + or -50 deg C of Tc, which can be characterized in terms of the pM and redox potential of the medium. In this report, techniques that have been developed under ARO sponsorship for measuring pM, redox potential, O2, H2, and corrosion activity at high subcritical and at supercritical temperatures are described. We show that measurement of many important chemistry and corrosion parameters is technically developed in this study will allow for in close control of the reaction medium.
Book Synopsis Studies of Ionic and Free Radical Reactions in Supercritical Water by :
Download or read book Studies of Ionic and Free Radical Reactions in Supercritical Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this project was to study the kinetics of fundamental free radical and ionic reactions in supercritical water (SCW). The first finding is that true diffusion controlled reactions are not impeded or enhanced by density inhomogeneities. This is based on a study of anthracene triplet-triplet annihilation in SCW at temperatures to 450 deg C.A second finding, based on a study of the reaction of xanthenium cations with amylamine, is that the rates of ion-neutral reactions in subcritical water follow simple Arrhenius behavior and can be easily extrapolated from ambient temperature measurements. The third finding is that the rate of hydroxyl radical addition to an aromatic ring in subcritical and supercritical water is well below the diffusion controlled limit and it is decidedly non-Arrhenius, with a rapid increase at temperatures above 300 deg C. This was determined by a pulse radiolysis study of the addition of hydroxyl radical to nitrobenzene at 250 bar and temperatures between 25 deg C and 390 deg C. We have been able to model this unusual behavior with a three-step mechanism that successfully predicts the rapid increase in the rate at supercritical temperatures. These studies provide fundamental kinetics upon which one can base modeling of supercritical water oxidation processes with elementary reactions.
Download or read book 病気・救急法・家庭看護 written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :1160 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Fiscal Year 1986 Department of Energy Authorization (basic Research Programs) by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications
Download or read book Fiscal Year 1986 Department of Energy Authorization (basic Research Programs) written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Summaries of FY ... Research in the Chemical Sciences by :
Download or read book Summaries of FY ... Research in the Chemical Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog by : National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)
Download or read book Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... Catalog written by National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Materials and Water Chemistry for Supercritical Water-cooled Reactors by : David Guzonas
Download or read book Materials and Water Chemistry for Supercritical Water-cooled Reactors written by David Guzonas and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials and Water Chemistry for Supercritical Water-cooled Reactors is unique in that it brings together materials and water chemistry, their interrelationship, the historical perspective and their application to SCWR conceptual design. Written by world's leading experts, all active in the area of materials and chemistry R&D in support of GEN IV SCWR, this book presents for the first time a comprehensive reference on these topics, and in particular, how these data relate to the SCWR design itself. This book is an essential text for researchers in the areas of supercritical water-cooled reactor materials and chemistry, working in industry or academia. It will also give newcomers to the field a survey of all of the available literature and a clear understanding of how these studies relate to the design of the SCWR concept. The material presented is at a specialist's level in materials or corrosion science, or in water chemistry of power plants. - Provides comprehensive coverage of the chemistry and materials of SCWR - Presents the latest research and results condensed into one book - Covers the differences in use of SCW in nuclear reactors and fossil plants, and the resulting differences in materials requirements
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Index to American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book Index to American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Book of Abstracts by : American Chemical Society. Meeting
Download or read book Book of Abstracts written by American Chemical Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mass Spectrometry in Chemical Biology by : Norberto Peporine Lopes
Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Chemical Biology written by Norberto Peporine Lopes and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass spectrometry is one of the most widespread technologies in chemistry and has been increasingly used in biology with the rise of omics sciences. This book summarizes some important methodological approaches in mass spectrometry and applications in the field of chemical biology. The core chapters build on basic concepts introduced in the opening chapter and explore established fields such as high throughput screening, proteomics and metabolomics. Emerging applications of mass spectrometry in elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme mechanisms and protein-protein interactions are then presented. Connections between these diverse research fields are highlighted throughout. The book concludes with a discussion of databases and future perspectives. This book will be a useful tool to early chemical biology researchers wishing to incorporate mass spectrometry as a tool in their research.
Book Synopsis Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles by : Sabu Thomas
Download or read book Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles written by Sabu Thomas and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Bottles provides an overview of PET chemistry, highlighting the main degradation, depolymerization processes and pathways of PET, along with the applications of recycled monomers derived from PET waste. The latest methodologies of recycling and feedstock recovery are covered, providing critical foundational information. In addition, the book discusses a range of established methods of polymer recycling, with an emphasis on real world industrial case studies and the latest academic research. Users will find in-depth lifecycle and cost analysis of each waste management method, comparing the suitability and feasibility of each to support the decision -making process. Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is the most recycled plastic in the world, but still represents a significant amount of landfill waste. This book presents an update on new regulations, providing recommendations for new opportunities in this area, including new processing methods and applications for recycled PET. - Features a comprehensive introduction to the waste management of PET bottles, from regulatory concerns, to the range of different methods of materials recovery - Enables practitioners to choose the most efficient and effective waste management process - Includes detailed lifecycle and cost analysis information - Compares traditional thermal recycling methods with more recently developed monomer recovery and chemical recycling methods
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
