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Author : Arun Balakrishnan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (417 download)
Download or read book Calculation of Important Design Parameters for Grounding Systems in Substations written by Arun Balakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : El-Sayed Gouda, Osama
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522538542
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)
Download or read book Design Parameters of Electrical Network Grounding Systems written by El-Sayed Gouda, Osama and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the demand for efficient energy sources continues to grow around the globe, electrical systems are becoming more essential to meet these increased needs. As these systems are being utilized more frequently, it becomes imperative to find ways of optimizing their overall function. Design Parameters of Electrical Network Grounding Systems is a critical scholarly resource that examines safe grounding designs of electrical networks. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cathodic protection of grounding grids, grounding connections, and soil resistivity evaluation, this book is geared towards academicians, practitioners, and researchers seeking current research on electrical networks.
Author : Farhan bin Hanaffi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Grounding Grid Design for High Voltage Substations written by Farhan bin Hanaffi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An electrical grounding system is an important element to ascertain a safe environment for both humans and equipment during fault or transient conditions. The performance of grounding systems under lightning current is quite different from the conventional frequency based power. In order to understand the grounding grid behaviour under lightning current, researchers typically carry out experiments on actual grounding systems or on laboratory scaled models. Although experiments can provide insights of the actual grounding operation, the shortcoming is that a large area of lab space is required which reflects into high costs. As an alternative, computer simulation has been introduced, and can be categorised into three different approaches, namely circuit approach, transmission line approach or electromagnetic approach.In this work, the simulations are performed based on the electromagnetic approach under three dimensions (3D) mode due to its accurate results. For further understanding, a comparison between circuit and electromagnetic approaches is also carried out, where the resulting outcome shows that the circuit approach underestimates the impulse impedance at injection point compared with simulations by the electromagnetic approach. When the electromagnetic approach is applied, a finite element method is used to solve the partial differential electromagnetic equations in the time domain. Thereafter, the simulations results are validated with the existing published results covering the electromagnetic simulations by using the method of moment (MOM), and as well as actual field experiments. In addition, simulations are performed to understand the effect of different parameters, including lightning current, soil parameters, grounding design, and location of injection point of lightning current.Moreover, a comparison study is carried out for potential rise between power frequency and impulse current at different grid sizes. The study shows the potential generated at injection point for both current and saturation point when the grid size reaches a certain point. It's important to consider both types of current to get better grounding grid design. Besides that, empirical equations are used out to calculate the effective area under lightning conditions, where the effect of the down-conductor is taken into consideration as part of the grounding model. The effective area is an important parameter for the optimization of the grounding grid design when increasing grounding size does not improve the impulse impedance.Transient ground potential rise (TGPR) above the ground is another interesting parameter to analyse. In this work, a good correlation is shown between the effective area and the impulse impedance at the injection point with rising transient ground potential. It is found that the TGPR is larger when it is closer to the injection point, but only lasts for a few microseconds. Step voltage evaluations are performed for different standing positions of the human above the grid, including the distance of the step voltage location from the injection point, and the effect of grid size to step voltage value.
Author : Ljubivoje M. Popovic
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128144610
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Practical Methods for Analysis and Design of HV Installation Grounding Systems written by Ljubivoje M. Popovic and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical Methods for Analysis and Design of HV Installation Grounding Systems gives readers a basic understanding of the modeling characteristics of the major components of a complex grounding system. One by one, the author develops and analyzes each component as a standalone element, but then puts them together, considering their mutual disposition, or so-called proximity effect. This is the first book to enable the making and analysis of the most complex grounding systems that are typical for HV substations located in urban areas that uses relatively simple mathematical operations instead of modern computers. Since the presented methods enable problem-solving for more complex issues than the ones solved using National, IEC and/or IEEE standards, this book can be considered as an appendix to these standards. Develops general equations of lumped parameter ladder circuits Includes the analytical expression for determination of ground fault current distribution for a fault anywhere along a cable line Presents measurement and analytical methods for the determination of actual ground fault current distribution for high-voltage substations located in urban areas Provides the analytical procedure for the determination of the critical ground fault position for faults appearing in outgoing transmission lines Defines testing procedure for the correct evaluation of grounding systems of substations located in urban areas
Author : Ossama Gouda
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783844314311
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (143 download)
Download or read book Optimum Design of Grounding System of High Voltage Substations written by Ossama Gouda and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this article is to study the optimum design of grounding system of high voltage substations by using artificial neural network. The proposed study will implement the following important contributions: 1-Performance of grounding system under uniform and non-uniform soil resistivity. 2-Grounding by using equal and non-equal spacing grids studying the performance of non equal spacing grid incase of uniform and non-uniform soil. 3-Grounding by grids and rods in non- uniform soil and unequally spaced grids. 4-Safety analysis of grounding grid with different structures. 5-Designing of ANN as a tool to select the optimum grounding system. 6-Performance of grounding system under transient conditions.
Author : Mamadou Keita
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (868 download)
Download or read book AC Substation Grounding Design written by Mamadou Keita and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents AC substations grounding system for either conventional or gas-insulated. The design of grounding systems of substations has the primary purpose of ensuring the safety and well being of personnel, who may become electrically coupled to the grounding mats during unbalanced fault conditions (El-Dessouky, El-Aziz, & Khamis, 1998), (Phan, 1990). In general, an unbalanced fault will cause a ground potential rise of the system neutral and any conductive medium electrically connected to the neutral. The approach of this design is based on the IEEE Standard 80-2000 which discusses the following subjects safety in grounding, tolerable body current limit, primary and auxiliary ground electrodes, grounding enclosure sizing of conductors and materials, soil characteristics, ground resistance, types of ground faults, installation of connections, pigtails, ground rods, and ground grid integrity test. In this project, general system structure as well as rules and data representations are discussed. An illustrative example is presented using 15 kv medium voltage switchgear for Tri-Met Portland Westside light rail (Thomas & Pham, 1999). The ac substations grounding system design presented in this project can assist grounding system engineer to obtain a safe grounding system which is one of most important design aspects of substations.
Author : Jinliang He
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111825502X
Total Pages : 618 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)
Download or read book Methodology and Technology for Power System Grounding written by Jinliang He and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grounding is the fundamental measures to ensure the safe operation of power systems, including power apparatus and control/monitoring systems, and guarantee the personal safety. Grounding technology is an interdiscipline involving electrical engineering, high voltage technology, electric safety, electromagnetics, numerical analysis, and geological exploration Methodology and Technology for Power System Grounding: Covers all topics related to power system grounding Presents fundaments and theories of grounding systems Well balances technology and methodology related to grounding system design Helps to understand the grounding analysis softwares Highlights the advanced research works in the field of grounding systems Comprehensively introduces numerical analysis methods Discovers impulse ionization phenomenon of soil around the grounding conductors Touches on lightning impulse characteristics of grounding devices for towers and buildings As a comprehensive treatment of the topic, Methodology and Technology for Power System Grounding is ideal for engineers and researchers in power system, lightning protection, and grounding. The book will also better equip postgraduates, senior undergraduate students in electrical engineering.
Author : Tibor Csendes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401712476
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Developments in Reliable Computing written by Tibor Csendes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The SCAN conference, the International Symposium on Scientific Com puting, Computer Arithmetic and Validated Numerics, takes place bian nually under the joint auspices of GAMM (Gesellschaft fiir Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik) and IMACS (International Association for Mathematics and Computers in Simulation). SCAN-98 attracted more than 100 participants from 21 countries all over the world. During the four days from September 22 to 25, nine highlighted, plenary lectures and over 70 contributed talks were given. These figures indicate a large participation, which was partly caused by the attraction of the organizing country, Hungary, but also the effec tive support system have contributed to the success. The conference was substantially supported by the Hungarian Research Fund OTKA, GAMM, the National Technology Development Board OMFB and by the J6zsef Attila University. Due to this funding, it was possible to subsidize the participation of over 20 scientists, mainly from Eastern European countries. It is important that the possibly first participation of 6 young researchers was made possible due to the obtained support. The number of East-European participants was relatively high. These results are especially valuable, since in contrast to the usual 2 years period, the present meeting was organized just one year after the last SCAN-xx conference.
Author : Ahmed Thabet Mohamed
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659634956
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (349 download)
Download or read book Grounding Systems for Electric Substations in Non-Uniform Soil written by Ahmed Thabet Mohamed and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-14 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the number and complexity of AC substation increase, the need for accurate design procedures for the grounding systems becomes more important both from safety point of view and from financial considerations. The boring test samples and other geological investigations often provide useful information on the presence of various layers and the nature of soil material, as its resistivity and the range of values at the site. THIS BOOK discuss New theoretical developed methods for calculation the earthing resistance and earth surface potentials of variant electric substation earthing systems, i.e., starting from a grid consists of one mesh or rod to a final design consisting of many regular meshes or rods respectively. An experimental work is carried out on an improved scale model to study the behavior of earthing systems in non-uniform soil structure.
Author : Inna Baleva
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Substation Grounding written by Inna Baleva and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing a proper substation grounding system is quite complicating. Many parameters affect its design. In order for a grounding design to be safe, it needs to provide a way to carry the electric currents into the ground under both normal and faulted conditions. Also, it must provide assurance that a person in the vicinity would not be endangered. The grounding portion of substation design will be explored. In order to properly plan and design the grounding grid, calculations of the following will be done: maximum fault current, grid resistance, grid current, safe touch and step voltages, ground potential rise, as well as expected touch and step voltage levels. Background information and guidelines to design a substation grounding grid will be provided. A set of equations will be presented to calculate whether the design is safe, and finally, an example will be provided that can be used as a template. Sources of Data IEEE Std. 80-2000 A safe substation ground grid was designed.
Author : Alexander Farber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783659455858
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (558 download)
Download or read book Calculating and Testing of Substation Grounding Systems written by Alexander Farber and published by . This book was released on 2013-09-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Vadim Balev
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (881 download)
Download or read book Substation Grounding Optimization written by Vadim Balev and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substation grounding is a critical part of the overall electric power system. It is designed to not only provide a path to dissipate electric currents into the earth without exceeding the operating limits of the equipment, but also provide a safe environment for any people that are in the vicinity. Design of a proper grounding system will be discussed as well as performing of calculations necessary to ensure a safe design. Aspects of soil resistivity measurements, area of the ground grid, calculation of tolerable limits of current to the body, typical shock situations, tolerable touch and step voltages, maximum fault current grid resistance, grid current, ground potential rise, and benefits of surface materials will be discussed. Simulation software will also be discussed and its functionality in a step-by-step manner. Sources of Data . IEEE Std. 80-2000 was used as the primary source of information. Conclusions Reached. An adequate grounding grid has been designed using concepts outlined in IEEE Std.80-2000 and applied into programming and simulating results in MATLAB.
Author : Gary Gilbert
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (827 download)
Download or read book High Voltage Grounding Systems written by Gary Gilbert and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Minimization of Construction Costs of Substation Grounding Grids: In every electrical installation, one of the most important aspects is adequate grounding; in particular, the grounding of high-voltage substations to protect people and equipment in the event of an electrical fault. Well-designed grounding systems ensure the performance of power systems and safety of personnel. It is desirable that the substation grounding provides a near zero resistance to remote earth. The prevailing practice of most utilities is to install a grid of horizontal ground electrodes (buried bare copper conductors) supplemented by a number of vertical ground rods connected to the grid, and by a number of equipment grounding mats and interconnecting cables. The grounding grid provides a common ground for the electrical equipment and for all metallic structures at the station. It also limits the surface potential gradient. Currently the IEEE 80-2000 standard for substations grounding limits the determination of the grounding parameters (namely step, touch and ground potential rise) to that of a uniform soil model unless the Sunde graphical method is used. With the Sunde graphical method, it relies on interpretation to obtain a two layer soil model. Without the use of the graphical method, the IEEE 81-1983 has several empirical equations that can be used for the two layer model; however, these equations rely on the use of images which retard the speed of calculations to the point where the overall optimization of the grounding grid (with respect to size and shape) has yet to be determined. The goal of the thesis was to improve upon the current restrictions for the grounding grid design, while minimizing the material (i.e., copper conductors) and installation costs of a grid.
Author : Brett Simpson Allsup
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (255 download)
Download or read book Design Analysis for Power Substation Grounding Systems written by Brett Simpson Allsup and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Tolulope A. Dina
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (236 download)
Download or read book Design of Substation Grounding System in a Uniform Soil written by Tolulope A. Dina and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ali Hamed Al-Ghafri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Substation Grounding System Design written by Ali Hamed Al-Ghafri and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Brian Scaddan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 008096981X
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Electrical Installation Work written by Brian Scaddan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-17 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers both theory and practice for the trainee who wants to understand not only how, but why electrical installations are designed, installed and tested in particular ways. It complies with the latest IEE Wiring Regulations.
