Cache Profiling And The Spec Benchmarks

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Cache profiling and the SPEC benchmarks

Author : University of Wisconsin--Madison. Computer Sciences Dept
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Cache profiling and the SPEC benchmarks by : University of Wisconsin--Madison. Computer Sciences Dept

Download or read book Cache profiling and the SPEC benchmarks written by University of Wisconsin--Madison. Computer Sciences Dept and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "As VLSI technology improvements continue to widen the gap between processor and main memory cycle times, cache performance becomes increasingly important to overall system performance. Cache memories help alleviate the cycle time disparity, but only for programs that exhibit sufficient spatial and temporal locality. Programs with unruly access patterns spend much of their time transferring data to and from the cache. To fully exploit the performance potential of fast processors, programmers must explicitly consider cache behavior, restructuring their codes to increase locality. As these fast processors proliferate, techniques for improving cache performance must move beyond the supercomputer and multiprocessor communities and into the mainstream of computing. In this paper, we examine some of the techniques that programmers can use to improve cache performance. We show how to use CPROF, a cache profiler, to identify cache performance bottlenecks and gain insight into their origin. This insight helps programmers understand which of the well-known program transformations are likely to improve cache performance. Using CPROF and a 'cookbook' of simple transformations, we show how to tune the cache performance of six of the SPEC92 benchmarks. By restructuring the source code, we greatly improve cache behavior and achieve execution time speedups ranging from 1.06 to 1.81 on a DECstation 5000/125."

Cache Performance of the SPEC Benchmark Suite

Author : Jeffrey D. Gee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (245 download)

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Book Synopsis Cache Performance of the SPEC Benchmark Suite by : Jeffrey D. Gee

Download or read book Cache Performance of the SPEC Benchmark Suite written by Jeffrey D. Gee and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we present measurements of miss ratios for the entire set of SPEC benchmarks for a variety of CPU cache configurations; this study extends earlier work that measured only the performance of the integer (C) SPEC benchmarks. We find that instruction cache miss ratios are generally very low, and that data cache miss ratios for the integer benchmarks are also quite low. Data cache miss ratios for the floating point benchmarks are more in line with published measurements for real workloads.

Locating Cache Performance Bottlenecks Using Data Profiling

Author : Aleksey Pesterev
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Locating Cache Performance Bottlenecks Using Data Profiling by : Aleksey Pesterev

Download or read book Locating Cache Performance Bottlenecks Using Data Profiling written by Aleksey Pesterev and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective use of CPU data caches is critical to good performance, but poor cache use patterns are often hard to spot using existing execution profiling tools. Typical profilers attribute costs to specific code locations. The costs due to frequent cache misses on a given piece of data, however, may be spread over instructions throughout the application. The resulting individually small costs at a large number of instructions can easily appear insignificant in a code profiler's output. DProf helps programmers understand cache miss costs by attributing misses to data types instead of code. Associating cache misses with data helps programmers locate data structures that experience misses in many places in the application's code. DProf introduces a number of new views of cache miss data, including a data profile, which reports the data types with the most cache misses, and a data flow graph, which summarizes how objects of a given type are accessed throughout their lifetime, and which accesses incur expensive cross-CPU cache loads. We present two case studies of using DProf to find and fix cache performance bottlenecks in Linux. The improvements provide a 16-57% throughput improvement on a range of memcached and Apache workloads.

Computational Science — ICCS 2004

Author : Marian Bubak
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540246886
Total Pages : 1376 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Science — ICCS 2004 by : Marian Bubak

Download or read book Computational Science — ICCS 2004 written by Marian Bubak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-05-12 with total page 1376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2004) held in Krak ́ ow, Poland, June 6–9, 2004, was a follow-up to the highly successful ICCS 2003 held at two locations, in Melbourne, Australia and St. Petersburg, Russia; ICCS 2002 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands; and ICCS 2001 in San Francisco, USA. As computational science is still evolving in its quest for subjects of inves- gation and e?cient methods, ICCS 2004 was devised as a forum for scientists from mathematics and computer science, as the basic computing disciplines and application areas, interested in advanced computational methods for physics, chemistry, life sciences, engineering, arts and humanities, as well as computer system vendors and software developers. The main objective of this conference was to discuss problems and solutions in all areas, to identify new issues, to shape future directions of research, and to help users apply various advanced computational techniques. The event harvested recent developments in com- tationalgridsandnextgenerationcomputingsystems,tools,advancednumerical methods, data-driven systems, and novel application ?elds, such as complex - stems, ?nance, econo-physics and population evolution.

Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking

Author : Lizy Kurian John
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420037420
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking by : Lizy Kurian John

Download or read book Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking written by Lizy Kurian John and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer and microprocessor architectures are advancing at an astounding pace. However, increasing demands on performance coupled with a wide variety of specialized operating environments act to slow this pace by complicating the performance evaluation process. Carefully balancing efficiency and accuracy is key to avoid slowdowns, and such a balance can be achieved with an in-depth understanding of the available evaluation methodologies. Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking outlines a variety of evaluation methods and benchmark suites, considering their strengths, weaknesses, and when each is appropriate to use. Following a general overview of important performance analysis techniques, the book surveys contemporary benchmark suites for specific areas, such as Java, embedded systems, CPUs, and Web servers. Subsequent chapters explain how to choose appropriate averages for reporting metrics and provide a detailed treatment of statistical methods, including a summary of statistics, how to apply statistical sampling for simulation, how to apply SimPoint, and a comprehensive overview of statistical simulation. The discussion then turns to benchmark subsetting methodologies and the fundamentals of analytical modeling, including queuing models and Petri nets. Three chapters devoted to hardware performance counters conclude the book. Supplying abundant illustrations, examples, and case studies, Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking offers a firm foundation in evaluation methods along with up-to-date techniques that are necessary to develop next-generation architectures.

Workload Characterization of Emerging Computer Applications

Author : Lizy Kurian John
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461516137
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

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Book Synopsis Workload Characterization of Emerging Computer Applications by : Lizy Kurian John

Download or read book Workload Characterization of Emerging Computer Applications written by Lizy Kurian John and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formal study of program behavior has become an essential ingredient in guiding the design of new computer architectures. Accurate characterization of applications leads to efficient design of high performing architectures. Quantitative and analytical characterization of workloads is important to understand and exploit the interesting features of workloads. This book includes ten chapters on various aspects of workload characterizati on. File caching characteristics of the industry-standard web-serving benchmark SPECweb99 are presented by Keller et al. in Chapter 1, while value locality of SPECJVM98 benchmarks are characterized by Rychlik et al. in Chapter 2. SPECJVM98 benchmarks are visited again in Chapter 3, where Tao et al. study the operating system activity in Java programs. In Chapter 4, KleinOsowski et al. describe how the SPEC2000 CPU benchmark suite may be adapted for computer architecture research and present the small, representative input data sets they created to reduce simulation time without compromising on accuracy. Their research has been recognized by the Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) and is listed on the official SPEC website, http://www. spec. org/osg/cpu2000/research/umnl. The main contribution of Chapter 5 is the proposal of a new measure called locality surface to characterize locality of reference in programs. Sorenson et al. describe how a three-dimensional surface can be used to represent both of programs. In Chapter 6, Thornock et al.

Computational Science -- ICCS 2005

Author : V.S. Sunderam
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540321144
Total Pages : 1160 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Science -- ICCS 2005 by : V.S. Sunderam

Download or read book Computational Science -- ICCS 2005 written by V.S. Sunderam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-05-04 with total page 1160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fifth International Conference on Computational Science (ICCS 2005) held in Atlanta, Georgia, USA, May 22-25, 2005 ...

Simulation and Analysis of Predictive Read Cache Performance

Author : Robert W. Miller
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 43 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis Simulation and Analysis of Predictive Read Cache Performance by : Robert W. Miller

Download or read book Simulation and Analysis of Predictive Read Cache Performance written by Robert W. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efforts to speed up the memory hierarchy have failed to keep up with the rapid increase in microprocessor performance. The use of first-level and second-level caches has become common in an effort to minimize this speed discrepancy. One potential method to overcome the speed problem while using much less hardware than a second-level cache, is the predictive read cache. This thesis continues previous efforts in designing and optimizing the predictive read cache. It develops a method to simulate the performance of a memory hierarchy containing a predictive read cache and uses these simulations to determine the most effective architecture of the cache. Using trace data from an Intel 486 processor running the SPEC benchmarks, the simulations demonstrate that a small predictive read cache can give a performance improvement equivalent to a much larger second-level cache. This makes the predictive read cache ideal for systems that are power or chip area limited.

High Performance Memory Systems

Author : Haldun Hadimioglu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441989870
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis High Performance Memory Systems by : Haldun Hadimioglu

Download or read book High Performance Memory Systems written by Haldun Hadimioglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of Memory Technology Over the past decade there has been rapid growth in the speed of micropro cessors. CPU speeds are approximately doubling every eighteen months, while main memory speed doubles about every ten years. The International Tech nology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) study suggests that memory will remain on its current growth path. The ITRS short-and long-term targets indicate continued scaling improvements at about the current rate by 2016. This translates to bit densities increasing at two times every two years until the introduction of 8 gigabit dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips, after which densities will increase four times every five years. A similar growth pattern is forecast for other high-density chip areas and high-performance logic (e.g., microprocessors and application specific inte grated circuits (ASICs)). In the future, molecular devices, 64 gigabit DRAMs and 28 GHz clock signals are targeted. Although densities continue to grow, we still do not see significant advances that will improve memory speed. These trends have created a problem that has been labeled the Memory Wall or Memory Gap.

Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures

Author : David Kaeli
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420035150
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures by : David Kaeli

Download or read book Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures written by David Kaeli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-26 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, there were few textbooks that focused on the dynamic subject of speculative execution, a topic that is crucial to the development of high performance computer architectures. Speculative Execution in High Performance Computer Architectures describes many recent advances in speculative execution techniques. It covers cutting-edge research

Algorithms for Memory Hierarchies

Author : Ulrich Meyer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540365745
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Algorithms for Memory Hierarchies by : Ulrich Meyer

Download or read book Algorithms for Memory Hierarchies written by Ulrich Meyer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithms that have to process large data sets have to take into account that the cost of memory access depends on where the data is stored. Traditional algorithm design is based on the von Neumann model where accesses to memory have uniform cost. Actual machines increasingly deviate from this model: while waiting for memory access, nowadays, microprocessors can in principle execute 1000 additions of registers; for hard disk access this factor can reach six orders of magnitude. The 16 coherent chapters in this monograph-like tutorial book introduce and survey algorithmic techniques used to achieve high performance on memory hierarchies; emphasis is placed on methods interesting from a theoretical as well as important from a practical point of view.

Computational Science — ICCS 2001

Author : Vassil N. Alexandrov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540455450
Total Pages : 1294 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Computational Science — ICCS 2001 by : Vassil N. Alexandrov

Download or read book Computational Science — ICCS 2001 written by Vassil N. Alexandrov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-05-15 with total page 1294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LNCS volumes 2073 and 2074 contain the proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, ICCS 2001, held in San Francisco, California, May 27 -31, 2001. The two volumes consist of more than 230 contributed and invited papers that reflect the aims of the conference to bring together researchers and scientists from mathematics and computer science as basic computing disciplines, researchers from various application areas who are pioneering advanced application of computational methods to sciences such as physics, chemistry, life sciences, and engineering, arts and humanitarian fields, along with software developers and vendors, to discuss problems and solutions in the area, to identify new issues, and to shape future directions for research, as well as to help industrial users apply various advanced computational techniques.

Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems

Author : Paul Lokuciejewski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048199298
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems by : Paul Lokuciejewski

Download or read book Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems written by Paul Lokuciejewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-24 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For real-time systems, the worst-case execution time (WCET) is the key objective to be considered. Traditionally, code for real-time systems is generated without taking this objective into account and the WCET is computed only after code generation. Worst-Case Execution Time Aware Compilation Techniques for Real-Time Systems presents the first comprehensive approach integrating WCET considerations into the code generation process. Based on the proposed reconciliation between a compiler and a timing analyzer, a wide range of novel optimization techniques is provided. Among others, the techniques cover source code and assembly level optimizations, exploit machine learning techniques and address the design of modern systems that have to meet multiple objectives. Using these optimizations, the WCET of real-time applications can be reduced by about 30% to 45% on the average. This opens opportunities for decreasing clock speeds, costs and energy consumption of embedded processors. The proposed techniques can be used for all types real-time systems, including automotive and avionics IT systems.

Computer Architecture

Author : John L. Hennessy
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 0128119063
Total Pages : 939 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Computer Architecture by : John L. Hennessy

Download or read book Computer Architecture written by John L. Hennessy and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2017-11-23 with total page 939 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Sixth Edition has been considered essential reading by instructors, students and practitioners of computer design for over 20 years. The sixth edition of this classic textbook from Hennessy and Patterson, winners of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award recognizing contributions of lasting and major technical importance to the computing field, is fully revised with the latest developments in processor and system architecture. The text now features examples from the RISC-V (RISC Five) instruction set architecture, a modern RISC instruction set developed and designed to be a free and openly adoptable standard. It also includes a new chapter on domain-specific architectures and an updated chapter on warehouse-scale computing that features the first public information on Google's newest WSC. True to its original mission of demystifying computer architecture, this edition continues the longstanding tradition of focusing on areas where the most exciting computing innovation is happening, while always keeping an emphasis on good engineering design. Winner of a 2019 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association Includes a new chapter on domain-specific architectures, explaining how they are the only path forward for improved performance and energy efficiency given the end of Moore’s Law and Dennard scaling Features the first publication of several DSAs from industry Features extensive updates to the chapter on warehouse-scale computing, with the first public information on the newest Google WSC Offers updates to other chapters including new material dealing with the use of stacked DRAM; data on the performance of new NVIDIA Pascal GPU vs. new AVX-512 Intel Skylake CPU; and extensive additions to content covering multicore architecture and organization Includes "Putting It All Together" sections near the end of every chapter, providing real-world technology examples that demonstrate the principles covered in each chapter Includes review appendices in the printed text and additional reference appendices available online Includes updated and improved case studies and exercises ACM named John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, recipients of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award for pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry

Numerical Computation 1

Author : Christoph W. Ueberhuber
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642591183
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Numerical Computation 1 by : Christoph W. Ueberhuber

Download or read book Numerical Computation 1 written by Christoph W. Ueberhuber and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with various aspects of scientific numerical computing. No at tempt was made to be complete or encyclopedic. The successful solution of a numerical problem has many facets and consequently involves different fields of computer science. Computer numerics- as opposed to computer algebra- is thus based on applied mathematics, numerical analysis and numerical computation as well as on certain areas of computer science such as computer architecture and operating systems. Applied Mathemalies I I I Numerical Analysis Analysis, Algebra I I Numerical Computation Symbolic Computation I Operating Systems Computer Hardware Each chapter begins with sample situations taken from specific fields of appli cation. Abstract and general formulations of mathematical problems are then presented. Following this abstract level, a general discussion about principles and methods for the numerical solution of mathematical problems is presented. Relevant algorithms are developed and their efficiency and the accuracy of their results is assessed. It is then explained as to how they can be obtained in the form of numerical software. The reader is presented with various ways of applying the general methods and principles to particular classes of problems and approaches to extracting practically useful solutions with appropriately chosen numerical software are developed. Potential difficulties and obstacles are examined, and ways of avoiding them are discussed. The volume and diversity of all the available numerical software is tremendous.

High Performance Computing

Author : Hans Zima
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 354043674X
Total Pages : 579 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis High Performance Computing by : Hans Zima

Download or read book High Performance Computing written by Hans Zima and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on High Performance Computing, ISHPC 2002, held in Kansai Science City, Japan, in May 2002 together with the two workshops WOMPEI 2002 and HPF/HiWEP 2002. The 51 revised papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the proceedings. The book is organized in topical sections on networks, architectures, HPC systems, Earth Simulator, OpenMP-WOMPEI 2002, and HPF-HiWEP 2002.

Solving Irregularly Structured Problems in Parallel

Author : Gianfranco Bilardi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540631385
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Solving Irregularly Structured Problems in Parallel by : Gianfranco Bilardi

Download or read book Solving Irregularly Structured Problems in Parallel written by Gianfranco Bilardi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-06-04 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Solving Irregularly Structured Problems in Parallel, IRREGULAR'97, held in Paderborn, Germany, in June 1997. The 18 revised full papers presented were carefully selected by the program committee for inclusion in the volume; also included are full papers by the five invited speakers. Among the topics covered are discrete algorithms, randomized methods and approximation algorithms, implementations, programming environments, systems and applications, and scheduling and load balancing.