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Author : ERIC. TULK
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Bulk Hydrides and Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium Alloys written by ERIC. TULK and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Manfred P. Puls
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447141954
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (471 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Hydrogen and Hydrides on the Integrity of Zirconium Alloy Components written by Manfred P. Puls and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-04 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By drawing together the current theoretical and experimental understanding of the phenomena of delayed hydride cracking (DHC) in zirconium alloys, The Effect of Hydrogen and Hydrides on the Integrity of Zirconium Alloy Components: Delayed Hydride Cracking provides a detailed explanation focusing on the properties of hydrogen and hydrides in these alloys. Whilst the emphasis lies on zirconium alloys, the combination of both the empirical and mechanistic approaches creates a solid understanding that can also be applied to other hydride forming metals. This up-to-date reference focuses on documented research surrounding DHC, including current methodologies for design and assessment of the results of periodic in-service inspections of pressure tubes in nuclear reactors. Emphasis is placed on showing how our understanding of DHC is supported by progress in general understanding of such broad fields as the study of hysteresis associated with first order phase transformations, phase relationships in coherent crystalline metallic solids, the physics of point and line defects, diffusion of substitutional and interstitial atoms in crystalline solids, and continuum fracture and solid mechanics. Furthermore, an account of current methodologies is given illustrating how such understanding of hydrogen, hydrides and DHC in zirconium alloys underpins these methodologies for assessments of real life cases in the Canadian nuclear industry. The all-encompassing approach makes The Effect of Hydrogen and Hydrides on the Integrity of Zirconium Alloy Component: Delayed Hydride Cracking an ideal reference source for students, researchers and industry professionals alike.
Author : S.-Q. Shi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Advances in the theory of delayed hydride cracking in zirconium alloys written by S.-Q. Shi and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium Alloys in Pressure Tube Nuclear Reactors written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dated October 2004. With CD-ROM containing additional information inside back cover
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium Alloys in Pressure Tube Nuclear Reactors. IAEA TECDOC Series written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes all of the research work undertaken as part of the IAEA coordinated research program on hydrogen and hydride induced degradation of the mechanical and physical properties of zirconium based alloys, and includes a review of the state of the art in understanding crack propagation by Delayed Hydride Cracking (DHC), and details of the experimental procedures that have produced the most consistent set of DHC rates reported in an international round-robin exercise to this date.
Author : B. A. Cheadle
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Prevention of delayed hydride cracking in zirconium alloys written by B. A. Cheadle and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : JFR Ambler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Prevention of Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium Alloys written by JFR Ambler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zirconium alloys are susceptible to a mechanism for crack initiation and propagation called delayed hydride cracking. From a review of component failures and experimental results, we have developed the requirements for preventing this cracking. The important parameters for cracking are hydrogen concentration, flaws, and stress; each should be minimized. At the design and construction stages hydrogen pickup has to be controlled, quality assurance needs to be at a high enough level to ensure the absence of flaws, and residual stresses must be eliminated by careful fabrication and heat treatment.
Download or read book The Initiation of Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium-2.5 Niobium written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201086105
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (861 download)
Download or read book Delayed Hydride Cracking of Zirconium Alloy Fuel Cladding written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines the phenomena of delayed hydride cracking (DHC) in Zircaloy-4 claddings and presents the results of a coordinated research project on this subject. It discusses the circumstances and the mechanisms that lead to DHC in Zircaloy-4 cladding materials and documents the knowledge gained through an inter-laboratory comparison where the physical conditions for DHC have been studied. An advanced DHC testing methodology developed in Studsvik, Sweden, and consistent experimental data of international round-robin DHC velocity measurements in CANDU/PHWR and LWR cladding Zircaloy-4 materials are also attached.
Author : S.-Q. Shi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Hydrogen concentration limit and critical temperatures for delayed hydride cracking in zirconium alloys written by S.-Q. Shi and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nucirc2 is a steady state thermohydraulic code designed to analyze the primary heat transport system of a candu nuclear reactor for a variety of operating conditions. this document describes the nucirc2 capabilities and options as well as the information necessary for the preparation of the input data.
Author : Ahmed Fathi Shalabi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (27 download)
Download or read book Initiation of Delayed Hydride Cracking in Zirconium-2.5 Wt.% Niobium Pressure Tubes written by Ahmed Fathi Shalabi and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : P. Efsing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book The Influence of Temperature and Yield Strength on Delayed Hydride Cracking in Hydrided Zircaloy-2 written by P. Efsing and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine if delayed hydride cracking (DHC) can be the cause of the long axial cracks occasionally found in BWR fuel cladding, a systematic study of DHC in Zircaloy cladding has begun. In the initial stage of the project, a test technique was developed and applied to unirradiated samples of Zircaloy. The present study includes an investigation of the influence of the yield strength and temperature on the crack growth rate and the threshold stress intensity that must be exceeded before cracking begins.
Author : Christopher E. Coleman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Is Spent Nuclear Fuel Immune from Delayed Hydride Cracking During Dry Storage? An IAEA Coordinated Research Project written by Christopher E. Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed hydride cracking (DHC) has been responsible for cracking in zirconium alloy pressure tubes and fuel cladding and is a concern for spent fuel storage. For cracking to start, sufficient hydrogen must be present for hydride to form at a flaw tip and the local tensile stress must be sufficiently large to crack the hydride (a crack will not extend if the threshold in the stress intensity factor, KIH, is not exceeded. A high-temperature limit exists when the yield stress of the cladding alloy becomes too low to crack the hydride. In this paper we describe measurements of KIH and the crack growth rate, V, in unirradiated Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding containing approximately 130 ppm hydrogen in the cold-worked stress-relieved condition representing pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and pressurized heavy-water (PHWR) reactors. Four methods are used to evaluate KIH. The test specimen and fixture used in these methods was the pin-loading tension configuration. The test temperature ranged from 227 to 315°C. The mean value of KIH below 280°C had little temperature dependence; it was about 5.5 MPa?m in the PWR cladding and slightly higher at 7 MPa?m in the PHWR material. At higher test temperatures, KIH increased dramatically to more than 12 MPa?m, whereas the crack growth rate declined toward zero. This behavior suggests that unirradiated Zircaloy-4 fuel cladding is immune from DHC above about 320°C; this temperature may be increased to 360°C by irradiation. The implications for spent fuel storage are that during early storage when the temperatures are high, any flaw will not extend by DHC, whereas at low temperatures, after many years of storage, flaws would have to be very large, approaching through wall, before being extended by DHC. To date, spent nuclear fuel is not known to have failed by DHC during storage, confirming the inference.
Author : K. Pettersson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Delayed Hydride Cracking in Irradiated Zircaloy Cladding written by K. Pettersson and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slow stable crack growth by a mechanism identified as a form of delayed hydride cracking has been studied on irradiated Zircaloy cladding. The background to the investigation was the formation of long axial cracks in defected fuel rods. Post-irradiation examination of such fuel rods has indicated that precipitation and subsequent cracking of hydrides at the tips of the long cracks has played an important role in the crack growth process. The present investigation conducted on irradiated cladding with hydrogen concentrations above about 500 ppm has demonstrated that a hydrogen-induced crack growth process can occur in such material. In the laboratory it was necessary to subject the samples to an overtemperature cycle in order to initiate crack growth after fatigue precracking. It was also observed that an incubation time on the order of 20 h was necessary before crack growth started. The crack growth rates were strongly dependent on the applied stress intensity factor K in a narrow range above a threshold value KIH, which was about 10 MPa?m, Stage I. The growth rate then reached a plateau value when it was independent of K, Stage II. This plateau value was about 10-6 m/s at 300°C and about 2 x 10-7 m/s at 200°C. This temperature dependence is consistent with a mechanism based on stress-induced diffusion of hydrogen at the stress concentration of the crack tip. Metallographic and fractographic observations suggest that the details of the mechanism can be best described as a localized reduction of fracture toughness due to reorientation of hydrides so that they become perpendicular to the applied stress in the region of the crack tip. This is somewhat in contrast to previous DHC mechanisms in which longer-range diffusion of hydrogen to one large hydride at the crack tip is usually modeled. The difference is that in the present case the hydride content is higher and therefore more hydrides are present.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Delayed Hydride Cracking of Zirconium Alloy Fuel Cladding written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication examines the phenomena of delayed hydride cracking (DHC) in Zircaloy-4 claddings and presents the results of a coordinated research project on this subject. It discusses the circumstances and the mechanisms that lead to DHC in Zircaloy-4 cladding materials and documents the knowledge gained through an inter-laboratory comparison where the physical conditions for DHC have been studied. An advanced DHC testing methodology developed in Studsvik, Sweden, and consistent experimental data of international round-robin DHC velocity measurements in CANDU/PHWR and LWR cladding Zircaloy-4 materials are also attached ... Subject Classification : 0800 - Nuclear fuel cycle and waste management. Responsible Officer : Mr. Victor Inozemtsev, NEFW."--Résumé de l'éditeur.
Author : JS. Schofield
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)
Download or read book Temperature and Hydrogen Concentration Limits for Delayed Hydride Cracking in Irradiated Zircaloy written by JS. Schofield and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critical temperatures for delayed hydride cracking (DHC) initiation during cooling (TRIT) and crack arrest during heating (TDAT) have been measured in experiments on specimens from a Zircaloy-2 electron beam weld irradiated to a fluence of 3 to 5 > 1025 n • m-2 (E > 1 MeV) and then hydrided to concentrations of 35 and 55 ppm. The experimental observations are shown to be consistent with a simple model based on previously determined hydrogen terminal solid solubility data for dissolution and precipitation, which describes conditions for sustained hydride precipitation at the crack tip. When plotted against bulk hydrogen concentration in solution, both TRIT and TDAT fall below the dissolution solvus temperature and above the precipitation solvus temperature. A key assumption in the model is that, while the local crack tip stress concentration causes local enhancement of the hydrogen concentration in solution, the hydride precipitation solvus is unaffected by stress. The good agreement obtained between measured and predicted critical temperatures provides strong support for this assumption.
Author : B. C. Skinner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Hydrogen diffusivity in alpha-beta zirconium alloys and its role in delayed hydride cracking written by B. C. Skinner and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
