Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets

Download Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108474373
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets by : Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra

Download or read book Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets written by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes how emerging market firms upgrade their capabilities to compete globally despite operating in challenging home country environments.

Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets

Download Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108646123
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (86 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets by : Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra

Download or read book Building Strategic Capabilities in Emerging Markets written by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firms in emerging markets are becoming leading global players despite operating in challenging home country environments, but little is known about how they build their capabilities. By analyzing multiple companies operating across over a dozen emerging markets in Asia, Latin America, Africa and Europe, the authors identify the specific challenges faced by emerging market firms to become internationally competitive. Furthermore, they provide actionable solutions to upgrading capabilities, sustaining competitive advantage, and achieving multinational status, all whilst operating in emerging economies. Featuring contributions from eminent business scholars from across the globe, this timely volume provides a valuable tool for academics and practitioners, managers and consultants, especially those involved with emerging market firms working to grow and succeed globally.

Strategic Management in Emerging Markets

Download Strategic Management in Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1787433552
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (874 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Strategic Management in Emerging Markets by : Krassimir Todorov

Download or read book Strategic Management in Emerging Markets written by Krassimir Todorov and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-10 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook focuses on strategic management in emerging market contexts. It delineates the border between business level strategy and corporate strategy to better align business level and corporate level strategy.

Winning in Emerging Markets

Download Winning in Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard Business Press
ISBN 13 : 1422166953
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (221 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Winning in Emerging Markets by : Tarun Khanna

Download or read book Winning in Emerging Markets written by Tarun Khanna and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the Book : - The best way to select emerging markets to exploit is to evaluate their size or growth potential, right? Not according to Tarun Khanna and Krishna Palepu. In Winning in Emerging Markets, these leading scholars on the subject present a decidedly different framework for making this crucial choice. The authors argue that the primary exploitable characteristic of emerging markets is the lack of institutions (credit card systems, intellectual property adjudication, data research firms) that facilitate efficient business operations. While such institutional voidspresent challenges, they also provide major opportunities for multinationals and local contenders. Khanna and Palepu provide a playbook for assessing emerging markets potential and for crafting strategies for succeeding in those markets. They explain how to: Spot institutional voids in developing economies, including in product, labour, and capital markets, as well as social and political systems Identify opportunities to fill those voids, for example, by building or improving market institutions yourself Exploit those opportunities through a rigorous five-phase process, including studying the market over time and acquiring new capabilities Packed with vivid examples and practical toolkits, Winning in Emerging Markets is a crucial resource for any company seeking to define and execute business strategy in developing economies. About the Authors : - Tarun Khanna is the Jorge Paulo Lemann Professor at Harvard Business School and the author of Billions of Entrepreneurs: How China and India Are Reshaping Their Future and Yours. Krishna Palepu is the Ross Graham Walker Professor of Business Administration and senior associate dean for international development at the Harvard Business School.

Operating in Emerging Markets

Download Operating in Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 0132983389
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (329 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Operating in Emerging Markets by : Luciano Ciravegna

Download or read book Operating in Emerging Markets written by Luciano Ciravegna and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2013 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master a complete roadmap for emerging market business success and profitability! Emerging markets are generating unprecedented opportunities, but they are far more complex and risky than they may seem. Profiting in these markets entails retooling business models, products, and strategies to exploit these differences, instead of falling victim to them. Too many American, European and Japanese companies continue to operate with a "developed world" mentality that seeks to merely adapt existing products and strategies, while underestimating the unique challenges of managing a business in radically different contexts. Operating in Emerging Markets draws from real-life examples and today's most valuable research to offer a step-by-step blueprint for improving profitability in emerging markets. Pioneering researchers Dr. Luciano Ciravegna and Dr. Robert Fitzgerald walk you through understanding the true risks and challenges; identifying and investing the right resources; developing the right strategies, products, and processes; and learning from both the successes and failures that have come before you. An indispensable resource for all decision-makers in companies that are (or plan to) operating in emerging markets; and for all graduate business students who may do so in the future. "Publications devoted to rapidly transforming economies are on the rise, but the contribution is often marginal. This new book, Operating in Emerging Markets , authored by Luciano Ciravegna, Robert Fitzgerald, and Sumit Kundu, is an exception. It provides valuable insights into what makes these economies grow and prosper. Most importantly, it responds to the need for practical approaches to tapping emerging markets. Thus it should assist current and future managers in navigating these high-potential but high-risk countries." --S. Tamer Cavusgil, Callaway Professorial Chair and Executive Director, CIBER, J. Mack Robinson College of Business. Georgia State University

Emerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises

Download Emerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1784417394
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (844 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises by :

Download or read book Emerging Economies and Multinational Enterprises written by and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 28 of the Advances in International Management focuses on the opportunities and challenges for multinational enterprises that consider emerging economies and their destinations. It provides a forum for thought-provoking idea and empirical research, and is ideal for researchers and doctoral students whose work touches emerging markets.

The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and Building Brands

Download The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and Building Brands PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071782907
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and Building Brands by : Amitava Chattopadhyay

Download or read book The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and Building Brands written by Amitava Chattopadhyay and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-06-15 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breakthrough strategies for emulating or competing with your newest and toughest threat: innovative companies in emerging-market nations Western organizations are quickly losing influence to emerging market multinationals, as evidenced by such developments as Tata Motors’s acquisitions of Land Rover and Jaguar; Lenovo’s purchase of IBM’s ThinkPad business; HTC’s stature as the fourth largest global smartphone manufacturer; Haier’s 5% global appliance market share; and LG, Samsung, and Hyundai rise in the automobile, appliance, and consumer electronics market. To help you compete, The New Emerging Market Multinationals outlines the disruptive strategies deployed by emerging-market multinationals (EMNCs) and provides breakthrough strategies for following in their footsteps or beating them at their own game. Amitava Chattopadhyay is the L'Oreal Chaired Professor of Marketing-Innovation and Creativity at INSEAD. Rajeev Batra is the S.S. Kresge Professor of Marketing at the Ross School of Business at the University of Michigan. Aysegul Ozsomer is associate professor of Marketing at Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Emerging Markets Rule: Growth Strategies of the New Global Giants

Download Emerging Markets Rule: Growth Strategies of the New Global Giants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071798129
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (717 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Markets Rule: Growth Strategies of the New Global Giants by : Mauro Guillen

Download or read book Emerging Markets Rule: Growth Strategies of the New Global Giants written by Mauro Guillen and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SEIZE THE ADVANTAGE IN THE GLOBAL WAR FOR MARKET SHARE Winner of the 2013 Small Business Book Award - Top 10 Overall The newest economic behemoth, China, is snatching market share from the U.S., Japan, and Europe at an alarming rate. But China isn't alone. The world's largest producers of biofuel, meat, consumer electronics, regional jets, baked goods, candy, and many other products are all emerging market multinationals (EMMs). And industries poised to be taken over by EMMs include personal computers, IT services, mining, wind turbines, and cement. The balance of power in the global economy is shifting. Are you in a position to compete with the most energetic, imaginative companies on the planet? In Emerging Markets Rule, two experts on the global shift in economic hegemony explain what is happening, why it is happening--and how you can prevent it from happening to you. The authors provide an action plan based on leaner, more operationally proficient ways for maintaining the competitive advantage based on seven new axioms of global competitiveness: Execute, strategize, and execute again Cater to the niches Scale to win Embrace chaos Acquire smart Expand with abandon No sacred cows! Emerging market multinationals are here to stay; they're not going to go away, even when the global economy rights itself. "What began as a necessity--a kind of guerilla-business warfare against the corporate superpowers--has now evolved into best practices and is on its way to becoming what everyone needs to know," the authors write. "Simply put, down is up. The weak have become strong." You need to learn these new "best practices" now because tomorrow will be too late. Emerging Markets Rule is your road map for business success in the increasingly competitive, chaotic global markets. "Emerging-market multinationals have reshaped global competition. Using well-articulated views duly substantiated with facts, this book explains why and how they have become formidable players in both high-technology and traditional industries. This book is a worthy read for businesses and individuals alike seeking to comprehend the phenomenon of the emerging market multinational." -- S. D. Shibulal, CEO and Managing Director , Infosys "This book shows the strength and potential of companies that stand out in emerging markets, reaffirming entrepreneurship, innovation, and sustainability as fundamental factors for the outbreak of global competitors." -- Alessandro Carlucci , CEO, Natura Cosmeticos "The authors have touched on an important idea that emerging market growth can often be tapped by companies located in those markets. This is an essential book leading us to identify the niche markets and strategies for those emerging markets. A must for all international companies with growth ambitions." -- Leonard A. Lauder, Chairman Emeritus, The Estee Lauder Companies "A must-read for any company on its way to becoming a global one. You will learn from companies that have developed unique ways of competing in tough markets such as China and India." -- Jorge Zarate , China General Manager, Grupo Bimbo

Handbook of Emerging Market Multinational Corporations

Download Handbook of Emerging Market Multinational Corporations PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782545018
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (825 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Emerging Market Multinational Corporations by : Mehmet Demirbag

Download or read book Handbook of Emerging Market Multinational Corporations written by Mehmet Demirbag and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-27 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Emerging Market Multinational Corporations focuses on why emerging market multinationals internationalize, how they do so and the advantages they explore and exploit as they internationalize. The Handbook highlights the requirement for

Emerging Market Multinationals

Download Emerging Market Multinationals PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316552772
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Market Multinationals by : Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra

Download or read book Emerging Market Multinationals written by Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-17 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging market multinationals are becoming leaders in their industries, able to compete on equal terms with firms from advanced economies, but their paths toward global leadership are not always smooth. This book examines the specific challenges faced by emerging market multinationals as they seek to develop their international operations and proposes actionable solutions for them. The authors seamlessly combine academic analyses with a rich selection of real-world cases to provide a clear framework for understanding some of the barriers that prevent firms from emerging economies from succeeding abroad and show readers what actions can be taken to achieve sustained international growth. With clear, concise arguments and examples that bring the discussion to life, this insightful book will appeal to managers and students alike.

International Business Strategy in Complex Markets

Download International Business Strategy in Complex Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1839101822
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Business Strategy in Complex Markets by : Hans Jansson

Download or read book International Business Strategy in Complex Markets written by Hans Jansson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-06-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this revised second edition, Hans Jansson develops and applies an international business strategy framework to contemporary complex global markets. This cutting-edge textbook explores the major challenges associated with doing business in complex and turbulent emerging markets and how MNCs in mature markets execute strategies to meet these challenges.

Building Network Capabilities in Turbulent Competitive Environments

Download Building Network Capabilities in Turbulent Competitive Environments PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466515767
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building Network Capabilities in Turbulent Competitive Environments by : Paul Hong

Download or read book Building Network Capabilities in Turbulent Competitive Environments written by Paul Hong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) are among the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world. The enormous size of the customer base in these emerging markets is the strategic concern of global business firms. Successful market performance in these markets requires sound understanding of dynamic environmental factors and timely investme

Global Strategy

Download Global Strategy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195167201
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Strategy by : Andrew C. Inkpen

Download or read book Global Strategy written by Andrew C. Inkpen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking at the question of how firms can compete in a global environment, the authors examine the issues considered central to the study of strategic management in a global context. They deal with a diverse set of important strategic topics by integrating research with practical examples and case studies.

Global Strategies for Emerging Asia

Download Global Strategies for Emerging Asia PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118217977
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Strategies for Emerging Asia by : Anil K. Gupta

Download or read book Global Strategies for Emerging Asia written by Anil K. Gupta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-03 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The multinational corporate guide for thriving in the Asian marketplace Led by China and India, the rise of emerging Asia is transforming the structure of the global economy. By 2025, if not sooner, China will almost certainly overtake the U.S. to become the world's largest economy. By then, India is likely to have overtaken Japan to become the world's third largest economy, after China and the U.S. Besides China and India, Asia also includes other fast-growing economies such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Added together, by 2025, these developments are likely to make Asia's economy larger than those of the U.S. and Europe combined. It is clear that, for every large company, leadership in Asia is rapidly becoming critical for leadership globally. This important resource brings together the latest ideas and in-depth case analyses from leading academics and practitioners to provide a comprehensive guide to succeeding in Asia. Explores how to develop a strategy to benefit from new patterns of 21st century trade Explains how companies can fight and win against low-cost competition from Asian companies Shows how to transfer homegrown management practices to Asia Reveals how to safeguard the company's intellectual property in China Brings to light how to leverage India as a platform to revitalize the company's innovation capabilities A resource for competing in today's international market, this book offers executives and managers a guide for navigating the new global reality—that of Asia as the world's emerging center of gravity.

Handbook of Business Practices and Growth in Emerging Markets

Download Handbook of Business Practices and Growth in Emerging Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812791787
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (127 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Business Practices and Growth in Emerging Markets by : Satyendra Singh

Download or read book Handbook of Business Practices and Growth in Emerging Markets written by Satyendra Singh and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Business Practices and Growth in Emerging Markets consists of a collection of specially commissioned chapters that describe the current business environment, organizational culture, consumer behavior, financial investment climate, and examples of best prevailing practices in emerging markets. It covers all the major functional areas of business OCo marketing, strategy, operations and finance OCo in all continents. The focus of each chapter is on the identification of different business issues in different emerging markets (including Asia, Africa and South America) and on the implementation of a proposed set of recommendations, using both qualitative and quantitative techniques to assist in decision-making and in improving organizational efficiency and effectiveness. Readers will also appreciate the multidimensional view of financial and non-financial performance measurement of businesses. Specifically, the goal of this research-based handbook is to provide a comprehensive guide for business students and managers by discussing a range of issues from the diverse emerging markets and enabling them to develop a strategic mindset for a market-oriented culture. Given the changing business dynamics, government policies and demands in industries, this handbook is both timely and topical. Sample Chapter(s). Foreword (28 KB). Chapter 1: Introduction (69 KB). Contents: Introduction (S Singh); China: New Product Development in Emerging Markets (N Grigoriou); Competing with Multinationals: Entry and Evolution of Latecomer Firms in China''s Handset Industry (W Xie & S White); Current Business Practices of Top Fortune Global Emerging Multinationals (C-H Liu & K-K Wei); Between Information System Integration and Performance, What are the Missing Links? (R P Lee & Q-M Chen); Legal Cases and Auditing in China (G Chong); Commonwealth of Independent States: CSR in the Emerging Market of Russia: Finding the Nexus Between Business Accountability, Legitimacy, Growth and Societal Reconciliation (O Kuznetsova); The Russian System of Corporate Governance: Promises and Realities (O Kuznetsova); Brand Management in Emerging Markets: Private Labels in Croatian Grocery Retailing and the Case of Dona Trgovina D O O (M Martinovic & J Branch); Baltic Tiger or Wounded Lion OCo Retail Trade and Shopping Behavior in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (B McKenzie); Latin America: Data Mining as a Decision Tool for Materials Procurement in a Multinational Company Headquartered in Brazil (D C C Barbosa et al.); The Importance of Natural Resources-Based Industry Clusters in Latin America: The Case of Chile (C Felzensztein); Inserting Small Holders into Sustainable Value Chains (M F Neves & L T e Castro); Franchise as an Efficient Mode of Entry in Emerging Markets: A Discussion from the Legitimacy Point of View (C Gauzente & R Dumoulin); Africa: Public Procurement Reform in Emerging Economies: A Case Study of Kenya (P M Lewa & S K Lewa); Rural Tourism in South Africa: The Case of Damdoryn and Bufflespoort (K P Quan-Baffour); An Institutional Network Approach of Partnership Mode of Interest-Free Microfinance and Islamic Banking: A Case Study (M N Alam & M M Hussain); Challenges of Internet Adoption of Banks in Ghana (N O Madichie et al.); Middle East: Does the Religious Nature of Organizations Affect Performance Measurement? A Case of GCC Banks (E K A Mohamed & M M Hussain); Challenges and Opportunities for International Marketers in Kuwait (C P Rao); Glimpses at Society and Management in Iran (H Yeganeh); Internet Consumer Behavior in Cyprus (A Thrassou et al.); Asia: Corporate Social Performance of Indonesian State-Owned and Private Companies (H Fauzi et al.); Does Individual Stock Futures Affect Stock Market: Volatility in India? (N Tripathy et al.); Philippines in the 21st Century: Business Opportunities and Strategic Marketing Implications (E P Garrovillas); Papua New Guinea OCo An Emerging Economy in the South Pacific: Challenges and Prospects (R Rena); Conclusion (S Singh). Readership: Students of business administration courses which focus on organizational culture, managers and management consultants dealing with issues related to emerging markets."

International Business Strategy

Download International Business Strategy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137544686
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Business Strategy by : S. Raghunath

Download or read book International Business Strategy written by S. Raghunath and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-10 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume fills a gap in the international business literature, offering the perspectives of researchers who are deeply embedded in one key emerging market, India. With the global economy changing dramatically, firms from emerging markets are playing increasingly important roles in both outward and inward internationalisation. International Business Strategy offers profound insights into international business activities in this rapidly-evolving environment, in which multinational corporations from emerging markets are now influential players. Reflecting the complex nature of India itself, the chapters employ a variety of theoretical lenses to shed light on a wide range of issues encountered by Indian businesses, from some of the world’s largest corporations to small, entrepreneurial firms.

Grow Globally

Download Grow Globally PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118128966
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (181 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Grow Globally by : Mona Pearl

Download or read book Grow Globally written by Mona Pearl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-08-24 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover proven strategies and solutions for successful participation in the global market With less than fifty percent of middle market US companies succeeding at going global, corporate executives need to know how to build effective global execution platforms that will allow their organizations to thrive in a global economy. Filled with case studies and indispensable checklists, Grow Globally guides executives in crafting an actionable global strategy that will not only stand the test of change—but that will also be on target, on budget, and on time. Reveals how to anticipate change in global decision-making and execution Explores how to identify trends and respond to differences between internal corporate culture and the target culture Includes case studies, checklists, process visuals and resources, plus a website that hosts online tools and materials As the world becomes more dependent on technology and trade borders gradually disappear, your company needs to acquire the tools and skills necessary to compete in the global market. Grow Globally presents the skills needed to build a global execution platform that will keep your organization relevant and competitive in the international landscape.