Building Resilience in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Strategies for Export-Oriented Industrial Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

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Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3346850722
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (468 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Resilience in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Strategies for Export-Oriented Industrial Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises by : Erik da Silva

Download or read book Building Resilience in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Strategies for Export-Oriented Industrial Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises written by Erik da Silva and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2023-04-05 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, FH OÖ Standort Steyr, language: English, abstract: This piece of scientific work aims to answer the following research questions. These questions were derived as the primary reasons for this thesis and were motivated due to the current global health and social crisis, the economic disruptions caused by it all over the world, the need to better understand the effects of it on businesses and the need to investigate the best ways to be able to better cope with future disruptions. Main question: How can export-oriented industrial SMEs build resilience in times of the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond? Sub question 1: How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected the global economy in the context of international trade? Sub question 2: What have been the main challenges faced by B2B export-oriented SMEs during the COVID-19 pandemic? Owing to the new and emerging field of business research that the COVID-19 pandemic has created, research has been developing on the topic. Researchers have primarily concentrated on specific issues such as understanding the impacts of the pandemic on the supply chain, import and export flows and trade policies. Often lacking a practical-oriented application of findings for Managers and their organizations and a focus on the challenges faced by export-oriented Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this bachelor thesis is to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on international business operations and especially in Business to Business international sales and marketing focusing first and foremost on SMEs, and to provide a concise overview concerning the topic of international trade disruptions during the pandemic as well as strategies and better practices for responding to and mitigating these risks and threats.

International Business in Times of Crisis

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Publisher : Emerald Group Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1802621652
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (26 download)

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Book Synopsis International Business in Times of Crisis by : Rob van Tulder

Download or read book International Business in Times of Crisis written by Rob van Tulder and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Business in Times of Crisis classifies studies of crises relevant to international business research following a global pandemic which exposed systems failures and fragilities closely across global economic, financial, political, and social systems.

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the COVID-19 Response

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Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1802205772
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the COVID-19 Response by : Etemad, Hamid

Download or read book Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the COVID-19 Response written by Etemad, Hamid and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international cast of authors in this important book explore how internationalizing small and medium sized enterprises (iSMEs) face major crises, such as COVID-19, and have managed them to reach a stable and desired state post-crisis. Chapter orientations vary from theoretical to empirical. Each focuses on issues related to a major crisis, and present already-deployed success strategies in 14 different country environments. The rich diversity of chapters offers a highly significant and timely contribution to the field.

Building Resilience in Global Business During Crisis

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003858724
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Building Resilience in Global Business During Crisis by : Suraksha Gupta

Download or read book Building Resilience in Global Business During Crisis written by Suraksha Gupta and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-03-20 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of calamities has, in recent years, had an impact on business performance. This book explores strategies and business responses in times of crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic and the hyper competitive market environment have compelled organizations and industries to redraw the limits of their operational and strategic activities. Organizations in emerging markets are facing a great challenge in keeping their businesses afloat in these difficult times. This book offers an insight into how businesses and markets have been affected globally. Focusing especially on emerging countries and markets, it presents an assessment of how they can adapt their strategies to respond to the current trends and crises. Examining effective management techniques and practices, consumer behavior, supply chain and human resources management from an interdisciplinary perspective, the book draws links between businesses, consumers and academic theories on business management, marketing and consumer studies. This book will be an indispensable resource for managers in different sectors. It will also be of interest to researchers and students of business studies, management studies, marketing, strategic management, global business outsourcing, global business environment, besides being of use to government agencies, practicing managers and research agencies.

The New (Ab)Normal

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Publisher : MIT CTL Media
ISBN 13 : 1735766127
Total Pages : 271 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis The New (Ab)Normal by : Yossi Sheffi

Download or read book The New (Ab)Normal written by Yossi Sheffi and published by MIT CTL Media. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written about Covid-19 victims, how scientists raced to understand and treat the disease, and how governments did (or did not) protect their citizens. Less has been written about the pandemic’s impact on the global economy and how companies coped as the competitive environment was upended. In his new book, "The New (Ab)Normal", MIT Professor Yossi Sheffi maps how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted business, supply chains, and society. He exposes the critical role supply chains play in helping people, governments, and companies to manage the crisis. The book draws on executive interviews, pandemic media coverage, and historical analyses. Sheffi also builds on themes from his books "The Resilient Enterprise" (2005) and "The Power of Resilience" (2015) to enrich the narrative. The author paints a compelling picture of how the Covid-19 virus is changing many facets of human life and what our post-pandemic world might look like. This must-read book helps companies to redefine their business models and adjust to a fast-evolving economic landscape. The stage is set In Part 1 of the book, “What Happened,” the author looks at how companies fought to mend the global economic fabric even as the virus ripped more holes in it. Part 2, “Living with Uncertainty,” views the crisis through a supply chain risk management lens derived from Yossi Sheffi’s previous books. This perspective shows how companies create corporate immune systems to quickly recognize and manage large-scale disruptions. The ongoing pandemic is creating a new normal in life, work, and education—covered in Part 3, “Adjustment Required.” Consumer fears about the contagion as well as government mandates require businesses in industries such as retail, hospitality, entertainment, sports, and education to create “safe zones” for workers and customers. Many elements of the book – especially in Part 4, “Supply Chains for the Future” – show how the virus accelerated preexisting trends in technology adoption. China was the epicenter of the pandemic; it also was the first nation to be disrupted and recover. Part 5 of the book, “Of Politics and Pandemics,” explains why reports that companies are abandoning China in favor of other offshore manufacturing centers do not reflect reality. Fundamentally, The New (Ab)Normal is about businesses trying to create a better future in a time of extreme uncertainty – a point emphasized in Part 6, “The Next Opportunities.” The outlook is not necessarily gloomy. The advance of technology is accelerating, a trend that can level the playing field between small and large companies. Nimble small businesses are using a growing array of off-the-shelf cloud computing and mobile apps to deploy sophisticated technologies in their supply chains and customer interfaces. The New (Ab)Normal Another new normal is working from home. Remote working enables individuals to live anywhere and companies to recruit talent from anywhere. Education, especially higher education, faces a major disruption (and major opportunity) that is likely to shake the high-cost model of in-person education in favor of online or hybrid education. Regrettably, the book recognizes one trend accentuated by Covid-19--the growing inequality, and anticipates that the new normal will be more stratified.

Global Trends 2040

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Author :
Publisher : Cosimo Reports
ISBN 13 : 9781646794973
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (949 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Trends 2040 by : National Intelligence Council

Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.

Developing Resilience in Disruptive Times

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Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9354350224
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (543 download)

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Book Synopsis Developing Resilience in Disruptive Times by : Ajoy Kumar Dey

Download or read book Developing Resilience in Disruptive Times written by Ajoy Kumar Dey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-02-10 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first half of the book presents case studies on how the pandemic has affected businesses, management and communities and share insightful stories on tough decisions during, midst, and after the shock of the pandemic. The second half of the book presents case studies on market positioning and business model transformations which provide us insight on customer loyalty and satisfaction, online reviews, and children as a growing customer group. This book comprises both research and teaching cases that offer new insights on business management.

Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Crisis

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Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000626210
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Crisis by : Joanna Duda

Download or read book Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Crisis written by Joanna Duda and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and Crisis: SME Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic aims to address the conditions for the operations of SMEs during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the governmental support for entrepreneurs in such industries as tourism, manufacturing, recycling, education, and printing as well as the creative industry. Through the presentation of various strategies for the functioning and development of companies under crisis conditions along with new management approaches for coping with them, this book discusses the conditions for the operations of SMEs during the time of the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the support for entrepreneurs that has been offered by the governments of different countries. This approach will allow our results to be useful for a wide audience – making it especially valuable to researchers, academics, policymakers, and advanced students who are interested in crises, entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises, and strategic management.

Handbook of Research on Strategies and Interventions to Mitigate COVID-19 Impact on SMEs

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Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799874370
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Strategies and Interventions to Mitigate COVID-19 Impact on SMEs by : Baporikar, Neeta

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Strategies and Interventions to Mitigate COVID-19 Impact on SMEs written by Baporikar, Neeta and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of the modern world, and its impact is felt by all. The pandemic particularly has had a large impact on businesses as they were forced to close, supply chains were disrupted, and new health and safety precautions were adopted. As such, many businesses, especially small businesses, were faced with losses they could not afford. Governments and stakeholders across the world have thus needed to formulate various strategies and interventions to mitigate the negative consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly as they relate to small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The Handbook of Research on Strategies and Interventions to Mitigate COVID-19 Impact on SMEs is a comprehensive reference source that encapsulates the overall effect of COVID-19 on SMEs and a variety of strategies to overcome the negative effects and create more sustainable policies and organizations moving forward. The book offers a thorough overview of interventions and tactics to help organizations, entrepreneurs, and institutions of higher learning overcome the negative impact of COVID-19 while preparing policies for a more effective post-pandemic world. Covering topics that include sustainable practices for development, interventions to lessen the impact of COVID-19, and psychological resilience for SME employees, this book is Ideal for entrepreneurs, managers, executives, small businesses, family firms, academicians, scholar-practitioners, policymakers, researchers, and students.

Business Resilience in the Pandemic and Beyond

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Publisher : European Investment Bank
ISBN 13 : 9286150873
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (861 download)

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Book Synopsis Business Resilience in the Pandemic and Beyond by : European Investment Bank

Download or read book Business Resilience in the Pandemic and Beyond written by European Investment Bank and published by European Investment Bank. This book was released on 2022-05-18 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 set new challenges for the economies in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Strong policy and fiscal support allowed businesses to stay afloat, with firms making long strides in innovation and in becoming global suppliers. This report examines the pandemic's business impact, trade and innovation, green economy and the financial gaps in this region. The report's analysis is based on the EBRD-EIB-WBG Enterprise Survey 2019, covering over 28 000 registered firms, and the first round of the COVID-19 Follow-up Enterprise Surveys, with over 16 000 firms.

Covid-19: Going Beyond Routine?

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Author :
Publisher : Partridge Publishing Singapore
ISBN 13 : 1543769985
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (437 download)

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Book Synopsis Covid-19: Going Beyond Routine? by : Shathees Baskaran

Download or read book Covid-19: Going Beyond Routine? written by Shathees Baskaran and published by Partridge Publishing Singapore. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 has wreaked havoc on certain industries calling for a sharp increase in the attention paid to the existing business model, strategies, processes as well as practices. COVID-19 has put them to the test of resilience and agility. Multiple concerns and considerations are at play for these industries to restore business sustainability by looking at more radical approaches to preserving their businesses. This book explores the effect of COVID-19 leading to discussions within the scope of resilience, agility, and sustainability among some selected industries such as manufacturing, airlines, e-hailing, and SMEs, and also explores the emerging Work-from-Home trends as a result of COVID-19. As the main contribution of this scholarly work, the book also introduces Resilience-Agility Business Scenario Matrix for identifying plausible organizational scenarios and COVID Business Matrix (CoBuM) for a Remade World.

Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the COVID-19 Response

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Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781802205763
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (57 download)

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Book Synopsis Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the COVID-19 Response by : Hamid Etemad

Download or read book Small and Medium Sized Enterprises and the COVID-19 Response written by Hamid Etemad and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-04-12 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The international cast of authors in this important book explore how internationalizing small and medium sized enterprises (iSMEs) face major crises, such as COVID-19, and have managed them to reach a stable and desired state post-crisis. Chapter orientations vary from theoretical to empirical. Each focuses on issues related to a major crisis, and present already-deployed success strategies in 14 different country environments. The rich diversity of chapters offers a highly significant and timely contribution to the field. This book consists of five parts. An introduction to the volume and an extensive literature review open the book and are followed in Part II by general, yet critical, topics such as firm capabilities, resources and orientations, which collectively influence how smaller firms perceive emerging, approaching or unfolding crises in their environments and how the national public policy as well as the evolution of the crisis affects them. Part III extends this discussion to look at digitization and 'servitization' for higher customer and market-orientation, supply chains and overall governance. Specific research-based examples of strategies fill out Part IV and the final part offers a view beyond the current crisis. Scholars and students in entrepreneurship, international business and other related areas will find this very timely volume illuminating.

Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319590022
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization by : Stanko Pelc

Download or read book Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization written by Stanko Pelc and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-01 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers de-marginalization attesting that marginal regions have the potential for de-marginalization and are anchored in developmental terms on the following core themes: nature; tourism; ethnicity and general factors including migration. Adding to the discussion on marginality and sustainability this book contributes a number of case studies on a diverse selection of topics and regions in which these crucial issues connect. It delivers a reflection of (de)marginalizing processes in today’s globalized world where an increasing number of people, groups, societies and regions are marginalized and vulnerable not only from social and economic factors, but also from natural causes such as natural hazards. This book addresses the unsustainable practices in the past that have often generated difficult conditions for sustainable development in the future. Marginal regions that have not been developed are given much needed consideration as they may now enjoy the benefits of having not been exploited in the past to their present-day developmental advantage. The overview offered by this book is significant in that marginal regions with relatively unspoiled and attractive natural (and cultural) landscapes have a great potential for sustainable tourism. Contributions include the (de)marginalization of ethnic groups, the role of education and migration in the process, and different economic and political perspectives. Considering the topics covered, the book should be appreciated by all those involved in creation of social policies, urban and regional planning – coordinating economic with spatial and social development and by those studying in the fields were competencies for such activities are important part of the study program.

Emerging Trends in and Strategies for Industry 4.0 During and Beyond Covid-19

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Author :
Publisher : Sciendo Migration
ISBN 13 : 9788366675384
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (753 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Trends in and Strategies for Industry 4.0 During and Beyond Covid-19 by : Bülent Akkaya

Download or read book Emerging Trends in and Strategies for Industry 4.0 During and Beyond Covid-19 written by Bülent Akkaya and published by Sciendo Migration. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Frontmatter -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Contents -- List of Contributors -- About The Authors -- Chapter 1. Agility in the Organizational Context: Challenges in the 1st Year of COVID-19 -- Chapter 2. Analysis of the Problems of Social Services and Assistance During the Covid 19 Pandemic in Turkey -- Chapter 3. The Status of the Retail Sector During and After the Covid-19 Outbreak: What Should Strategic Managers Do? -- Chapter 4. Work-Life Balance During COVID-19 Pandemic and Remote Work: A Systematic Literature Review -- Chapter 5. A Leader's Abilities to Manage Workrelated Emotions during a Crisis -- Chapter 6. The Impact of Covid-19 on the Financial Contagion of Real Economy: A Sectoral Analysis -- Chapter 7. Covid-19 and the Educational Leadership and Management -- Chapter 8. Effect of Happy 8 Workplace and Corporate Social Responsibility on Success of Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand during Covid-19 -- Chapter 9. Usage of IT Interventions in the Containment of Covid-19 Spread -- Chapters Key Term and Definitions.

Reshaping Global Value Chains in Light of COVID-19

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464818223
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Reshaping Global Value Chains in Light of COVID-19 by : Paul Brenton

Download or read book Reshaping Global Value Chains in Light of COVID-19 written by Paul Brenton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2022-03-01 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) have driven dramatic expansions in trade, productivity, and economic growth in developing countries. This book examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on GVCs and explores whether they can continue to be a driver of trade and development. The report reviews previous crises and what these tell us about the resilience of GVC firms to shocks. It examines the observed impact of COVID-19 on trade during the sharp global recession of 2020. It summarizes discussions with GVC firms on the impacts of, and their responses to, the COVID shock. GVCs showed surprising resilience, but the rapid recovery raised new issues with supply chains. The book then explores simulations from a global economic model of the potential longer-term impacts of COVID-19 on developing countries and other key factors shaping the global economy, including the evolving role of China, increasing trade restrictions and policy responses to global warming. The analysis shows that while there are risks associated with GVCs, especially those concentrated around key nodes and where opportunities to find alternative suppliers or buyers are limited, there are mechanisms by which GVCs maintain trade relationships during a crisis, paving the way for a strong trade-led recovery. Measures are identified that can enhance the resilience of GVCs in low-income countries. This report finds that policies that maintain and enhance trade can contribute toward crisis management and recovery. Attempts to reshore production would make all countries worse off, including those that implement them, and could drive 52 million people, mainly in Africa, into extreme poverty. Measures to meet climate change commitments will have more profound impacts, leading to a shift away from carbon-intensive GVCs, while new opportunities for trade will arise in GVCs that are less carbon intensive.

Strengthening Economic Resilience Following the COVID-19 Crisis A Firm and Industry Perspective

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264362851
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Strengthening Economic Resilience Following the COVID-19 Crisis A Firm and Industry Perspective by : OECD

Download or read book Strengthening Economic Resilience Following the COVID-19 Crisis A Firm and Industry Perspective written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic has been unlike any other the world has experienced, requiring social distancing and restrictions on mobility, and rendering some economic activity impossible. This publication explores and compares the characteristics that have affected the ability of firms, workers and consumers to maintain production, employment and consumption during the COVID-19 crisis, across industries and countries.

Making It Big

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Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815585
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Making It Big by : Andrea Ciani

Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.